Journal of the Franklin Institute

OF

Τ THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE

OF THE

State of Pennsylvania

AND

AMERICAN REPERTORY

OF

MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCE,

CIVIL ENGINEERING, THE ARTS AND MANUFACTURES,

IND OF

AMERICAN AND OTHER PATENTED INVENTIONS.

EDITED
BY THOMAS P. JONES, M. D.,
Mem of the Am. Philos. Soc.; of the Acad. of Nat. Sci., Philad.; the Am. Acad. of Arts and Sci., Mase.;

the Nat. Inst. for Promotion of Sci., Washington, &c. &c. &c.

AND

JAMES J. MAPES, A. M.,
Prof. of Chem. and Nat. Philos. in the Nat. Acad. of Design; Hon. Mem. of the Scien. Inst., Brussels;

of the Roy. Soc. of St. Petersburg, &c. &c. &e.

COLLABORATORS.
For Practical and Theoretical Mechanics. For Physical Science.
JOHN C. CRESSON, Prof. Mech., Franklin ALEX. DALLAS BACHE, LL. D.
Institute.

SEARS C. WALKER.
For Practical and Theoretical Chemistry. For Commerce and Manufactures.
J. C. BOOTH, Prof. Chem. of the Arts, SAMUEL V. MERRICK.
Franklin Institute.

FREDERICK FRALEY.
JOHN F. FRAZER, Prof. General Chem., For Civil Engineering.
Franklin Institute.

THOMPSON S. BROWN, C. E.
JOHN GRISCOM, LL. D.

WILLIAM H. EMORY, U.S. Top. Eng.
For Architecture.

ELLWOOD MORRIS, C. E.
THOS. U. WALTER, Prof. Architecture, SOLOMON W. ROBERTS, C. E.
Franklin Institute.

For Mining and Metallurgy.
JOHN C. TRAUTWINE, C. E. & Archt. THEO. F. MOSS, Mining Engineer.

THIRD SERIES.

Vol. V.

PHILADELPHIA.
PUBLISHED BY THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE, AT THEIR HALL

1843

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