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Wall remaining.

HR Wall restored to probable original height.

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Chevaux de frise restored original
position on glacis H.I. & in ditch E.

Probable original Ground level before excavation

Fig. 25.- Chevaux de Frise restored, Pen y Gaer (Arch. Camb., 1906)

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We must also note the drift of the population in Wales, as in the rest of Britain, from the higher grounds to the valleys.

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We may now consider a few of the more important finds. The round, conical beehive querns found in various parts of Wales (Fig. 26) are of the same type as those of England, belonging to the Pre-historic Iron

Age, and occur in the parish of Llanidan, Anglesey, along with the saddle quern (Fig. 9)—a survival from the Bronze Age-as in the Lake Village of Glastonbury.

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One of the former is ornamented in the flamboyant style, characteristic of the Late Celtic art throughout Britain and Ireland. The golden peytrel, or breastplate for a horse, found in a cairn at Mold (Fig. 27),

Flintshire, resting on a skeleton extended at full length with an urn full of ashes, upwards of 300 amber beads, and corroded fragments of iron, falls into line with the metal work of the period in the rest of Britain and Ireland. It is adorned in repoussé, with the nail-head design and circles in dotted lines (Fig. 28). The bronze spoons," with flamboyant pattern, found at Llanfair, Denbighshire, and Penbryn, Cardiganshire, are practically identical with those of Ireland, of Westmorland,

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Fig. 28.-Golden Poytrel
Lent by Keeper of Department, British Museum

and Somerset. The bronze handle of a mirror, found at Fishguard, like that of the Lake Village of Glastonbury, undoubtedly belongs to the art of the South of Europe. The bronze helmet, ornamented with gold and silver, and blue and red enamel, from Ogmore Down, near Cowbridge, will bear comparison with the metal-work of the Polden Hills, in Somerset, and of the chariot burials of Yorkshire, while the gold-plated

1 Barnwell, Arch. Camb., 1870, p. 193.
2 Archæologia, xliii, p. 553-5, Plate 36.

brooch of Tre Ceiri (Fig. 29) is of the same design and type as the Late Celtic brooch, described by Arthur Evans, from Esica.1

66

The iron fire-dog" found near Capel Garmon2 in the Conway Valley, on the north side of the high road from Bettws y coed to Pentre Voelas, is worthy of more than a passing notice (Fig. 30). It consists of two

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Fig. 29.-Gold-plated Brooch, Tre Ceiri (Arch. Camb., 1904)

vertical bars, highly ornamented with late Celtic loops and scrolls, terminating above in the heads of horned oxen, and below in arched feet. Above the feet they are linked together by a horizontal bar. Similar, but less ornate, examples have been met with in graves in

1 This is pointed out by Baring Gould and Burnard. See Arthur Evans, "Two Fibula of Celtic Fabric from Esica," Archæologia, lv, pp. 179-198.

2 Romilly Allen, Arch Camb., 1901, pp. 39-44.

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