APPENDIX II.

PRINCIPAL TREATIES.

FROM THE TREATY OF WALLINGFORD TO THE TREATY OF
WASHINGTON.

STEPHEN.

Treaty of Wallingford, 1153.-Between Stephen, and Henry, son of the Empress Maud, afterwards Henry II. Its principal stipulation was that the former should retain the crown during the rest of his life, on condition that it should, at his death, pass to the latter. Stephen died in the following year, when Henry became king.

EDWARD III.

Treaty of Bretigny, May 8, 1360.- Between England and France. King Edward resigned his claim to the crown of France, renounced his pretensions to his ancestral provinces of Normandy, Maine, Touraine, and Anjou, which had been taken by Philip II. in 1204, and received in exchange Calais, Ponthieu, Limousin, and other districts. King John of France, then a prisoner in this country, was, besides, to pay a ransom of £1,500,000. The ransom, however, was not raised, and John died in England four years later.

HENRY V.

Treaty of Troyes, May 21, 1420.-Between England and France. The chief conditions were: (1) That Henry should marry Catherine of Valois, daughter of Charles VI., the imbecile King of France; (2) that he should succeed to the crown at that monarch's death, to the exclusion of the Dauphin; and (3) be regent of the kingdom during the remainder of his lifetime. The Dauphin, nevertheless, seized the crown at his father's death.

EDWARD IV.

Treaty of Pecquigny, 1475.—Between France and England, and arising from Edward's invasion of the former country. By this treaty, Margaret of Anjou was released from confinement, and ransomed by Louis XI. of France, to whom her father, Regnier, King

of Naples, surrendered his county of Anjou for the purpose. Louis engaged to pay Edward an annual pension to withdraw his army, and the Dauphin was to marry Edward's eldest daughter, Elizabeth of York. The French king, however, violated this last provision by contracting the Dauphin to another princess, and Elizabeth afterwards became the wife of Henry VII.

HENRY VII.

Treaty of Estaples, November 3, 1492.-Terminated Henry's pretended invasion of France, after the annexation of Brittany to that kingdom by Charles VIII. The English forces were withdrawn upon payment by the French king of £149,000.

CHARLES I.

Treaty of Ripon, 1640.-Between Charles I. and the Scotch, after the hostilities arising from the attempted introduction of the English Liturgy into Scotland. A weekly sum of £5,000 was to be paid to the latter until differences were adjusted.

THE COMMONWEALTH.

Treaty of Westminster, April 5, 1654.-Concluded the first Dutch war. The Dutch agreed to acknowledge the flag of the Commonwealth, and to give no countenance to the Royalists.

war.

CHARLES II.

Treaty of Breda, July 10, 1667.-Terminated the second Dutch New York was ceded to this country by Holland in exchange for Surinam. England also acquired the British Virgin Isles, New Jersey, Delaware, Antigua, and Cape Coast Castle.

The Triple Alliance, January 13, 1668.-Between England, Sweden, and Holland, to check the advances of Louis XIV. upon Flanders, in support of the pretensions made by him to the Spanish Netherlands in right of his wife, Maria Theresa of Spain. The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1668) effected this object. Louis surrendered his claim, but obtained possession of Lille, Tournay, and other places he had taken in his campaign.

Secret Treaty of Dover, May 22, 1670.-Between Louis XIV. and Charles II. By this Louis agreed to give Charles a pension, and assist him with armed force in danger, upon the condition that Charles would aid him against Spain and Holland, and publicly profess the Roman Catholic religion at a convenient period.

Treaty of Westminster, February 9, 1674.-Terminated the

third Dutch war. The Dutch agreed to respect the English flag; to pay Charles II. £300,000; and all possessions obtained before the war were to be restored.

WILLIAM III. AND MARY.

Peace of Ryswick, September 20, 1697.-Suspended hostilities with France. Spain, Holland, and Germany were also parties to it. Louis XIV. agreed to acknowledge William III.; neither monarch was to intrigue against the other, and free commerce was to be restored.

First Partition Treaty, October 1, 1698.-Charles II., King of Spain, was supposed to be at the point of death. As he had no heirs, and the question of the succession was likely to prove troublesome, a treaty was entered into between William III. and Louis XIV. for dividing the Spanish dominions between the Dauphin of France, the Archduke Charles (afterwards Charles III. of Spain), and the Electoral Prince of Bavaria, who were all claimants of the Spanish throne. The last-named prince having died in 1699, a Second Partition Treaty was entered into, March 14, 1700, to divide the territories between the remaining two.

The Grand Alliance, September 7, 1701.-After the Partition Treaties, the King of Spain left his entire dominions to Philip, Duke of Anjou, second son of the Dauphin. This brought France to the side of Spain, caused an alliance between England, Austria, Holland, Portugal, and Savoy, to support the claim of the Archduke Charles of Austria to the Spanish throne, and was followed by the War of the Spanish Succession.

ANNE.

Treaty of Utrecht, April 11, 1713.-Concluded the War of the Spanish Succession. France acknowledged the Protestant succession of the House of Hanover; Spain was to be held by Louis' grandson (Philip V.), but France and Spain were never to be united under one sovereign. Minorca and Gibraltar were ceded to this country by Spain; Hudson's Bay Territory, St. Christopher, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland by France. The fortifications of Dunkirk were to be demolished, and England was to have the contract for supplying Spanish America with negro slaves.

GEORGE I

The Triple or Hague Alliance, January 4, 1717.-Between England, France, and Holland, to prevent the succession of Philip V. to the crown of France in violation of the Treaty of Utrecht,

The Quadruple Alliance, August 2, 1718.-Between Great Britain, France, Austria, and Holland, to preserve the peace of Europe and uphold the Treaty of Utrecht.

Treaty of Hanover, September 3, 1725.-Between England, France, Prussia, Holland, Denmark, and Sweden, to counteract the effect of a treaty entered into at Vienna between Austria and Spain, involving the restitution of Gibraltar.

GEORGE II.

Treaty of Seville, November 9, 1729.-Between England, France, and Spain. The Assiento trade was confirmed to the South Sea Company, and the succession of the Infant Don Carlos to Parma and Tuscany agreed to by Great Britain.

Treaty of Vienna, March 16, 1731.—Between England, Holland, and Austria. By this England agreed to support the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713, by which Charles VI. of Austria had secured the succession of his hereditary dominions to his daughter, Maria Theresa.

Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, October 7, 1748.-Between England, Holland and Austria, and France and Spain. Terminated the War of the Austrian Succession, in which, in pursuance of the Treaty of Vienna, England had espoused the cause of Maria Theresa against the Elector of Bavaria and Frederick of Prussia. Its chief features were the mutual restoration of conquests; the fortifications of Dunkirk were to be demolished; the King of Prussia was to retain Silesia; and the Pragmatic Sanction was to be observed.

The Kloster Seven Convention, September 8, 1757.—By this Hanover was surrendered to the French, in consequence of the defeat of the Duke of Cumberland by the Duc de Richelieu at Hastenburg.

GEORGE III.

Treaty of Paris or Fontainebleau, February 10, 1763. -Between England, France, and Spain. Terminated the Seven Years' War. By it England acquired Canada, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Cape Breton, Newfoundland, Prince Edward Island, and Senegal. France was, however, to have the right of fishery on the Newfoundland banks, and to hold the islands of Miquelon and St. Pierre as fishing stations. Belle Isle, which had been taken from the French in 1761, was given in exchange for Minorca, which they had taken from us in 1756; and Florida was ceded by Spain for the Havannah.

Treaties of Versailles, September 3, 1783.-Between England, the United States, France, Spain, and Holland. Terminated the War of American Independence. England recognised the United States of America. France received St. Lucia, Tobago, Goree, Chandernagore, and Pondicherry, in exchange for Dominica, Grenada, St. Vincent, and other West India islands. The dismantling of the Dunkirk fortifications was given up. Spain received the Floridas and Minorca, and Holland all her possessions except Negapatam. This treaty was highly unpopular, chiefly on account of the cession of Chandernagore and Pondicherry.

Treaty of Amiens, March 25, 1802. - Between England, France, Spain, and Holland. Terminated the First War of the French Revolution. England restored all her colonial conquests to France, Spain, and Holland, retaining only Ceylon and Trinidad. Malta was to be restored to the Knights of St. John, and Egypt to the Porte.

Secret Treaty of Tilsit, July 7, 1807.-By this treaty, Russia, France, and Prussia agreed to close their ports against England. To prevent the Danish fleet falling into the hands of the French, an English armament was sent to take charge of it. The refusal of the Danes to this arrangement led to the bombardment of Copenhagen. Treaty of Paris, May 30, 1814.-Between France and England, Austria, Russia, and Prussia. Terminated the Second War of the French Revolution. France was reduced to the boundaries of 1792. The Bourbons were restored, and Napoleon, retaining his title of emperor, retired to the island of Elba. England acquired British Guiana, Cape Colony, the Mauritius, the Seychelles, Rodriguez, Heligoland, Tobago, Malta, and St. Lucia.

Treaty of Ghent, December 24, 1814.-Effected a peace between England and the United States. The suppression of the slave trade was to be effected, if possible.

Treaty of Paris, November 20, 1815.-France was to be reduced to the limits of 1790; she was to pay the allies the expenses of the war, and compensate the different powers for their respective losses. England acquired the Ionian Islands.

WILLIAM IV.

Treaty of London, November 15, 1831. Between Great Britain, Austria, France, Prussia and Russia, and Belgium. Followed the separation of Belgium from the Netherlands. By it the extent of the Belgian territory was defined. The country was declared to be an independent and perpetually neutral state, bound to