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The City of York.

four hundred and eighteen inhabited mansions. Of one of these shires the Archbishop has yet a third part. In these no one else had custom unless as a burgess, except Merlesuain3 in a house which is within the castle, and except the canons wherever they dwelt; and except four judges, to whom the King granted this gift by his writ, and for so long as they lived. But the Archbishop had full custom from his shire. Of all the above-mentioned mansions, there are now inhabited, in the King's hands, rendering custom, four hundred, less nine, great and small, and four hundred mansions, uninhabited, which render, the better ones one penny and the others less, and five hundred and forty mansions so empty, that they render nothing at all; and foreigners hold one hundred and forty-five mansions. St. Cuthbert has one house which he always had, as many say, quit of all custom; but the burgesses say that it was not quit in the time of King Edward, unless as one house of the burgesses, save, only, that on account of it he had his own toll and that of the canons. Besides this, the Bishop of Durham has, of the gift of the King, the church of All Saints' and what belongs to it, and all the land of Uctred and the land of Eruuin;7 which Hugh the sheriff delivered to Bishop Walcher" by the King's writ; and the burgesses who dwell in it say that they hold it under the King.

8

The Count of Mortain has there fourteen mansions, and two stalls in the Shambles, and the church of St. Crux." Osbern son of Boson received these and whatsoever pertains to them. belonged to these men :-Sonulf the priest, one;

These mansions had
Morulf, one; Sterr,

one; Esnarr, one; Gamel, with four drenges, one; Archil, five; Leuing the priest, two; Turfin, one; Ligulf, one.

Nigel de Monnevile has one mansion of a certain moneyer's.

Nigel Fossart 13 has two mansions of Modeva's, and he holds of the King.

used for castles, either by being taken in or occupied by the fortifications (Stubbs). A.D. 1068, "Rex autem Willelmus cum exercitu suo Snotingham venit, ubi castello firmato, Eboracum perrexit, ibidemque duobus castellis firmatis, quingentos milites in eis posuit." (Chron. R. de Houedene, ed. Stubbs, i., 117).

3 Merleswegen, the sheriff, whom Harold left to command the North after the battle of Stamford-bridge. He joined in the movement against William I. (The Norman Conquest, Freeman, iv., 185), and his Yorkshire estates were given by the Conqueror to Earl Alan and Ralph Paganel.

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ticulars will be given subsequently.

8 Hugh fitz Baldric, the grantee of considerable estates in Yorkshire, will be mentioned afterwards.

Walcher of Lorraine, Bishop of Durham from 1071, until his assassination in May, 1080.

10 Of Robert, Count of Mortain, the half-brother of the Conqueror, some account will be given on a subsequent page.

11 The church of St. Crux, at the corner of the Shambles and Pavement, was afterwards given by Nigel Fossard, who is mentioned below, to St. Mary's Abbey, York. At the Dissolution, the patronage came to the Crown.

12 Son of Ralph de Monteville (a vill in the Roumois) and Avicia, his wife. He married Emma, daughter and coheiress of William de Arcis, of Folkestone, by whom he had a daughter and heiress, Matilda, who was given in marriage by King Henry I., to Riwallon de Avranches (Yorks. Arch. and Top. Jour nal, iv., 408).

13 One of the great under-tenants of the Count of Mortain, of whom he held

The City of York.

Waldin usurped two mansions of Ketel the priest's for one mansion of Sterr's.

Hamelin has one mansion in the city ditch; and Waldin one mansion of Einulf's, and one mansion of Aluuin's.

Richard de Surdeval1 [has] two mansions of Turchil's and Rauechil's. Nigel Fossard usurped two mansions, but he said that he had restored them to the Bishop of Coutances.15

19

20

William de Perci 16 has fourteen mansions of 17 these men: Bernulf, Gamelbar, Sort, Egbert, Selecolf, Algrim, Norman, Dunstan, Odulf, Weleret, Ulchel, Godelent, Sonneve, Otbert; and the church of St. Mary, 18 Of Earl Hugh, the same William has two mansions of the two reeves of Earl Harold; but the burgesses say that one of them had not been the Earl's; but that the other had been forfeited by him. The church of St. Cuthbert, also, the same William vouches [or acknowledges himself to hold] of Earl Hugh, and seven small mansions containing fifty feet in breadth. Moreover, concerning one mansion of a certain Uctred, the burgesses say that W. de Perci included it within the castle [works] after he returned from Scotland. William, himself, however, denies that he had the land of the said Uctred; but, of the house itself, he said that he had appropriated it for the castle by [direction of] Hugh the sheriff, the first year after the destruction of the castles.21

Hugh the son of Baldric has four mansions of Aldulf's, Hedned's,

some 91 manors. His chief estate in Yorkshire was at Hexthorpe, near Doncaster, which had previously belonged to Earl Tostig. He was a liberal b-nefactor to St. Mary's Abbey and the priory of the Holy Trinity, both in York. The date of his death is uncertain; but it probably occurred before the memorandum recording the lands given after the Survey to Robert de Bruis was inserted in Domesday Book. He was succeeded by his son Robert Fossard (Yorks. Arch. and Top. Journal, v., 314).

14 Richard de Surdeval, another of the great tenants, in Yorkshire, of the Count of Mortain. He probably came from Sourdeval-le-Barre, near the town of Mortain. He held, inter alia, demesne lands in Hooton and Bilham, which had previously belonged to Earl Edwin, and may have had a residence there. These, and other estates, were, in the next reign, vested in Ralph Payuel, apparently in right of his wife, Matilda, doubtless the daughter and co-heiress, if not sole heiress, of Richard de Surdeval (Ibid, v., p. 322).

15 Geoffrey de Moubrai, Bishop of Coutances (Constantia), in Lower Normandy. He accompanied the Conqueror on his invasion of England, and distinguished himself in the battle of Hastings. His royal master rewarded him with no

less than 280 manors. He probably held the office of Chief Justiciary during part of William's reign. His death occurred in Normandy, 4th Feb., 1093 (Judges of England, by F. Foss). He left his large domains in England to his nephew Robert, Earl of Northumberland (son of his brother, Roger de Moubrai). The fullest account of the Bishop is given in Trans. Glouc. Arch. Soc, iv., 106, by Mr. A. S Ellis.

16 Some account of William de Perci, the tenant in chief of many broad lands in Yorkshire, will be given afterwards.

17 That is, "which had belonged to." 18 The church of St. Mary, in Castlegate, called in old writings, " ecclesia S. Mariæ ad portam castri."

19 Hugh, Earl of Chester, the owner of extensive estates in Yorkshire and sixteen other counties. Vide postea.

20 The rectory of St. Cuthbert was afterwards appropriated to the Prior and Convent of the Holy Trinity, York; and at the Dissolution the patronage came to the Crown.

21 The castles were destroyed in 1069. The site of one of them is now occupied by Clifford's Tower; the other stood on Bayle Hill, on the opposite bank of the river.

22 Orig., fo. 298a, col. 2.-Fac. Edit., page i., b.

The City of York.

Turchil's and Gospatric's, and twenty-nine small hospices, and the church of St. Andrew,23 which he bought.

24

Robert Malet has nine mansions of these men :-Tumme, Grim, Grimchetel, Ernui, Elsi, and another Ernui, Glunier, Halden [and] Rauenchel.

Erneis de Burun 24 has four mansions of Grim's, Aluuin's, Gospatric's and Gospatric's, and the church of St. Martin.25 Two of these mansions render fourteen shillings.

Gislebert Maminot 26 has three mansions of Meurdoch's.

Berenger de Todeni has two mansions of Gamelcarle's and Aluuin's, and eight mansions used as lodgings. A moiety of these is in the city ditch.

Osbert de Archis has two mansions of Brun the priest's and his mother, and twelve mansions used as lodgings, and two mansions of the Bishop of Coutances.

Odo Balistarius has three mansions of Forne's and Orme's, and one hospice of Elaf's, and one church.28

Richard, the son of Erfast" [has] three mansions of Alchemont's and Gospatric's and Bernulf's, and the church of the Holy Trinity.30

Hubert de Montcanisi 31 [has] one mansion of Bund's.

Landric the carpenter 32 has ten mansions and a half which the sheriff made over to him.

33

In the time of King Edward the city was worth to the king fiftythree pounds; now, one hundred pounds by weight.

In the shire of the Archbishop there were, in King Edward's time, two hundred inhabited mansions, less eleven; now, there are one hundred inhabited mansions, great and small, besides the court of the archbishop, and the houses of the canons. In this shire the archbishop has as much [power, or right of justice?] as the King has in his shires.

23 St. Andrew afterwards came into the possession of the Dean and Chapter of York. In the 28th Elizabeth, the parish was united to that of St. Saviour, but the church was allowed to remain, and it is now used as a school-room.

24 Robert Malet and Erneis de Burun will be noticed subsequently.

25 St. Martin, in Coney-street, of which the Dean and Chapter of York are the present patrons.

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26 In the Recapitulation, "G. Mamioccurs as the tenant in capite of one carucate of land in Thorfe" (Painsthorpe, E.R.). This had previously belonged to Aregrin, a King's thane, and must have been given to him between the date of the Survey and the compilation of the abstract. He also held three virgates in the royal manor of Windsor. Under Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, he held two manors in Kent. It is said that he had Deptford, near London, where he built a castle (now called Say's Court) which he made the caput of his barony.

Gislebert Maminot appears to have been a nephew of Gilbert Maminot, one of the King's chaplains and physicians,

and Bishop of Lizieux, who died in 1096.
His great grand-daughter and heiress
married Geoffrey de Say.

27 Some account of Berenger de Todeni
and Osbert de Archis (named below) will
be given afterwards.

I am unable to identify the church held by Odo Balistarius, a tenant in capite in the East Riding, of whom but little is known.

29 Richard, son of Erfast, Bishop of Thetford, occurs subsequently as the owner of land in the Ainsty.

30 The church of the Holy Trinity in Micklegate.

31 Hubert, son of Rabel de Munchensi (Mount Canisy, near Trouville). He left a son Warin, whose heirs male were living in 1287 (Dugdale's Baronage, i., 551).

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32 Landric the carpenter was probably the same person as Landric the King's thane, who held land in 'Badetorp and Acaster Selby, near York. See, also, the "Claims," postea. "Duo carpentarii regis" occur amongst the tenants in chief in Cambridgeshire.

33 "Præstitit" may, perhaps, also mean lent or let.

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The City of York.

35

[SUBURBS OF YORK.]

34

In the geld of the city there are eighty-four carucates of land, and each of them rendered as much geld as one house in the city, and [was charged with] the three works of the King when the citizens were. Of these, the archbishop has six carucates, which three ploughs may till. These belong to the ferm of his hall. This was not let to inhabitants in the time of King Edward, but cultivated, in places, by the burgesses; now, it is the same. Of this land, the King's pool destroyed two new mills worth twenty shillings [a year], and of arable land and meadows and gardens nearly one carucate. T. R. E. it was worth sixteen shillings; now, three shillings.

37

[VILLAGES NEAR YORK.]

38

In Osboldeuuic (Osbaldwick) [there is] land of the canons [consisting] of six carucates, where three ploughs may be. The canons have now two ploughs and a half there, and six villanes and three bordars having two ploughs and a half. Likewise in Mortun (Murton), the canons have four carucates of land, where two ploughs may be, but it is waste. These two vills have (sic) one leuga of breadth and one of length.

In Stocthun (Stockton-on-the-Forest) there are six carucates, where three ploughs may be. They are waste. Of these, three are the canons' and three Earl Alan's. It has (sic) half a leuga of length and half a leuga of breadth. In these there is neither meadow nor wood.

39

In Sa'bura (Sandburn, depopulated), there are three carucates, where one plough and a half may be. It is waste. Ralph Pagenel

holds it. The canons say that they had it T. R. E.

In Heuuarde (Heworth), Orm had one manor of six carucates of land, which three ploughs may till. Now, Hugh the son of Baldric has one homager and one plough. T. R. E. it was worth ten shillings; now, five shillings.

40

In the same vill, Waltef had one manor of three carucates of land. Now, Richard" has it of the Count of Mortain. T. R. E. it was worth

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34"In tribus operibus regis." Quære,

pons, arx et expeditio" (Stubbs).

35 Ad firmam.' Perhaps this means that they were farmed by tenants for rent in kind, to sustain the family at his hall (Stubbs).

36

Stagnum regis." This was, doubtless, the King's fish-pond, formed by the river Foss, which empties itself into the Ouse, not far from the castle. The bounds of this fish-pond, which was of considerable extent, are set forth in an Inquisition taken in the 17th Edward II.

When Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scots, visited York on her way to Pontefract, in April, 1516, she "by water went (one Tuesday afternoon) to the Pykegarth, and ther Sir John Carre (the High Sheriff) made to hir grace, and to hir company, agret banked, bothe of flesshe and fysshe"

(York Corporation Minutes, vol. ix., fo. 84).

37 Other mills were subsequently erected, which belonged at one time to the Knights Templars. They stood near to the present Castle Mills bridge.

38 The Canons of St. Peter of York. 39 Sandburn was in the parish of Stockton-on-the-Forest. The name is still retained in Sandburn Wood. 2 id. Junii, 1276. "De decimis provenientibus de landis de Karleton et de Sandeburn assignatis capella de Stoketon pertinenti ad præbendam de Bugthorpe" (Reg. Giffard, fo. 127a).

40 Probably Waltheof, Earl of Northumberland. See page

41 Richard de Surdeval. 323, antea, note 14.

The City of York.

ten shillings; now, ten shillings and eight pence. This vill [is] one leuga in length and half a leuga in breadth.

42

In Fuleford (Gate Fulford), Morcar had one manor of ten carucates of land. Now, Earl Alan has it. Five ploughs may be there. In the demesne there are now two ploughs; and six villanes have two ploughs there. It has in length one leuga, and half a leuga in breadth. T. R. E. it was worth twenty shillings; now sixteen.

43

Within the circuit of the city, Torfin had one carucate of land, and Torchil two carucates of land. Two ploughs may till these:

In

In Cliftune (Clifton), there are eighteen carucates of geldable land. Nine ploughs may till this. Now it is waste. T. R. E. it was worth twenty shillings. Of these, Morcar had nine carucates and a half of geldable land, which five ploughs may till. Now, Earl Alan* has two ploughs there, and two villanes and four bordars with one plough. it there are fifty acres of meadow. Of these, twenty-nine are St. Peter's, and the others are the Earl's. Besides these, the Archbishop has there eighteen acres of meadow. This manor is one leuga in length and another in breadth. T. R. E. it was worth twenty shillings; now, the same. The Canons have eight carucates and a half.45 They are waste. In Roudclif (Rawcliffe), there are three carucates of geldable land, which two ploughs may till. Of these, Saxford, the deacon, had (now St. Peter) 16 two carucates with a hall, and they were worth ten shillings : and Turber 48 had (now the King) 49 one carucate, with a hall, and they were worth five shillings. Now, each is waste. Three acres of meadow are there. In the whole, half a leuga in length and as much in breadth. In Ouertun (Overton), there are five carucates of land for geld, which two ploughs and a half may till. Morcar had a hall there. Now, Earl Alan has one plough there, and five villanes and three bordars with three ploughs, and thirty acres of meadow, and wood, pasturable, one leuga in length and two quaranteens in breadth. TR. E. and now, it was, and is, worth twenty shillings.

46

Of

Now,

In Sceltun (Skelton), there are nine carucates of land for geld, which four ploughs may till. Of these, St. Peter had, and has, three carucates. T. R. E. it was worth six shillings. Now, it is waste. this land, Torber51 held two carucates and six bovates, with a hall. one farmer has it under the King, and two ploughs and six villanes are there. T. R. E. it was worth six shillings; now, eight. Of the same land, two carucates and six bovates belong to Ouertun (Overton). Earl Alan has one homager there with one plough. In the whole, half a leuga in length and half [a leuga] in breadth.

In Mortun (Murton, in Galtres, Lost) there are three carucates of

42 Morkere, a younger son of Ælfgar, Earl of Mercia (by his wife Elfgifu, who survived the Conquest), was elected Earl of Northumberland (Deira) in October, 1065. 43 Orig., fo. 298b, col. 1. Fac. Edit., page ii.

44 See "Land of Earl Alan," postea. 45 These eight carucates and a half are assigned to the Archbishop in the Recapitulation.

46 Modo S. Petrus," interlined in the text.

47 In the Recapitulation, "Saxford

habuit" is written over these two carucates.

48 Vide postea, under the heading "Land of the King," where Turbern is said to have had one carucate in "Roudeclife."

49 46 'Modo rex interlined.

50 Three carucates and a half, in the Recapitulation, which, added to the two following items of 2 car. 6 bov. each, agrees with the sum total, 9 car. 51 Refer to 66 Sceltun," under the heading "Land of the King."

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