lay

ASSOCIATE

V-YORK

AMERICAN RAILROAD JOURNAL, AND ADVOCATE OF INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS.

PUBLISHED WEEKLY, AT NO. 132 NASSAU STREET, NEW-YORK, AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.

D. K MINOR, EDITOR.)

SATURDAY, APRIL 16, 1836.

(VOLUME V.-No. 15.

CONTENTS:

New.YORK AND ERIE RAILROAD.-It is We have seen the model of a Dry Dock, Editorial Notices, etc. Clinton, No. III, New-York and Albany Railroad 226 the final passage through the Senate, and change for several days. The principle of

225 with most sincere pleasure that we record || by J. W. Holly, as exhibited at the ExOn some recent Experiments made with a view to

Protect Tin Plate or Tinned Iron from Corrosion approval by the Governor, of the bill to ex-its operation is very simple. A chamber in Sea-water, with some Probable Applications ; and on the Power of Zinc to Protect other Met- pedite the construction of this road. closed by lock gates is to admit the vessel ; als from Corrosion in the Atmosphere ; Centri- Our legislature has proved to us that the water is to be thrown in until it can be fugal Force.

229 Liverpool and Manchester Railway; Perkins best interests of the people at large are still floated into a basin, the bottom of which Circulating Steam-Boiler.

230 English and American Steamers.-Avery's Rotary

consulted, in spite of all the noisy bullying can be kept dry, when the gates are closed. Engine.

232 and artful sophistry got up on this occasion. The vessel is to be properly supported, and Visit to the Quicksilver Mines of Idria: Editorial Correspondence.

233 No public work has ever been projected, || the water let out as usual. Suggestions in Civil and Military Surveying.

leading 10
more splendid results. The

This form of a dry dock would be most New Instrument for Measuring Distances, etc. 235 | North and the South, East and West, city economical and expeditious in its operaObservations on Insects producing Silk, and on

the possibility of rearing Silk Crops in England 237 and country, will all share in common, its||tions, where a stream of water could be had Curious Discovery.-Notice of a New Mode of benefits. Preserving Animal Bodies. 238

to supply the basin, and in most cases this Observations on the Ravages of Limnoria Tere- Now, gentlemen of the New-York and could be accomplished with ease. brans, with Suggestions for a Preventive against the same; Steam Plough ; Removal; to Engi

Erie Railroad Co., the State has, at length, The inventor proposes to throw rater neers and Railroad Companies,

228 || in part done its duty to the inhabitants of || into the basin by means of a steam engine, Late from Florida ; Fire at Alexandria ; Robbery of the Brig Pearl.

240|| the Southern counties, and if you are the when the natural advantages of a stream

men we have always taken you for, you cannot be obtained. 'AMERICAN RAILROAD JOURNAL. will show them such a work as has never

The great simplicity and trifling cost yet been seen, either for solidity of struc- are prominent advantages in this dry dock NEW-YORK, APRIL 16, 1836.

ture, rapidity of transit, or utility of pur. ♡ In consequence of an accident, by which

pose; and, what is still more important, exof was thrown into Pl, or broken down, and had to be enecuted with a promptness that shall disap- || NEW-YORK AND ERIE RAILROAD. tirely set up again, our advertisements are omitted point its friends, and shame its enemies.

TO CONTRACTORS.—Proposals will be rethis week.

The aid of the State is now pledged, and || ceived at the Engineer's Office of the New-York and Errata. — The last number, or 14, dated you should, as we are sure you will, com. Erie Railroad Company, in the village of BinghampApril 9th, appears, by a battered type, No.|plete your road as rapidly as your enterprise | con, on and until the 30th day of June next, for gra11.

may dictate, and the nature uf the case will ||ding 69 miles of the Railroad, from the village of Oweadmit. Your reward is before you. How || go, in Tioga County, to the village of Deposit in Dela

ware County. Do In consequence of the delay of the can we better close our advice than in that

Proposals will also be received at the Engineer's Journal, after the fire, the numbers have homely but expressive phrase, “Go ahead."|| Office, in Monticello, on and until the 11th day of July been, since that time, generally issued about We do most heartily congratulate the next, for grading 48 miles of the Railroad through the four weeks later than the date on them. public upon this event, so important to our county of Sullivan, extending from the Delaware and This unavoidable delay, on my part, has | city and to the whole State, and venture to Hudson Canal up the valley of the Neversink, and been a source of much inconvenience and predict that in less than five years, the no- thence to the mouth of the Callikoon Creek, on the

Delaware River, disappointment to some of our readers, and blest Railroad in the world will be in suc

Plans and profiles of the line above mentioned, of course, of deep regret to us—and there-cessful operation.

staked out in convenient sections, wi.h printed forms fore, in order to obviate the difficulty as Since the above was written, we learn, of the contracts, will be rendy for exhibition at the said / soon as possible, we have endeavored to as will be perceived by the following notice, offices twenty days before the days of letting above print two numbers a week, in order to re-that the directors have resolved 10 offer im- || specified. move the cause of the complaint--and as we mediately one hundred and eight miles for,

The Company reserve the privilege of accepting

only such proposals as they may deem for their advan. are now within two weeks of the regular | addition to the forty now under, contract.

tage. date, we hope soon to be able to say that we | This looks indeed as though the Company

New-York, 26th April, 1836. are, at least, "even with the world." had adopted our motto-Go ahead.”

JAMES KING, President.

For the Railroad Journal.

spoken of, will be found with Pittston at the || before it reaches your wharves,* while the

mouth of the Lackawana, in almost a direct | Pittston coal can be brought by railroad, a Clinton, No. III.

line. Nature has painted out the ground ||distance not exceeding 125 or 130 miles, pero To the MERCHANTS, TO THE SHIP-Own- and enterprize marshals the way to fortune.haps less—but little more than one half the ERS, TO THE Mechanics, to all who are in- I wish, Mr. Printer, some competent en. | distance you get your present supply ! terested in the prosperity of New.York, Igineer,* would make an estimate, as nearly | Were it only to open to New-York the vast address myself.—My purpose is to enforceas can be, from the data before him of—first, anthracite deposites of Luzerne, wisdom, I salutary truths of the highest moment 10 the cost of a railway, on the nearest practi-am persuaded, would say, "yes, by all your interests. Pennsylvania, under her cable route, from New York to Lake Erie.means ; make, forth with, by the nearest new order of things, is pushing her canal Secondly, the quantity of merchandize and aud best route, a railroad to Pittston. Two through to Lake Erie. The present summer, produce (excluding coal) that would proba-hundred thousand tons of coal a year would and one more being past, will, in all human bly pass on the road. Thirdly, the cost, certainly descend upon it; paying a handprobability, see canal boats passing from per ton, toll and transportation included, some per centage in tolls, and the value of ihat Lake to the western division of her per mile. Fourthly, the time cars, with the increased trade, to supply the fertile re. great canal. New-York, from her position, lighter kinds of merchandize, dry goods, gion along the Susquehanna, would of itself is practically cut off from the immense &c., and passengers, might pass from the be an object of importance.” My advice, trade of the Ohio. True, by the grand ca- city of New-York to Buffalo. And fifthly, in relation to the road would be, 10 make it nal and the Lake, she can throw in, through the probable extent of the canal trade, both on the cheapest plan possible, calculating in the Ohio canals, late supplies of goods, ways, from Pittston--i. e. from Pittston to the course of ten years gradually 10 renew while your active rivals of Philadelphia and New York, and from Piuston to Buffalo and it, with the improvements which time and Baltimore work wide awake-both up and the intermediate country.

experience will most certainly develope and doing--are in the full supply of the market Let the fact make its due impression. approve. Fifteen thousand dollars a mile three weeks before you. If this cannot be Let it be talked of in every intelligent cir. would put the work in operation. Miles wholly, it can be partially, remedied. But cle; let it be borne constantly in mind, that 130 + $15,000 = $1,950,000-say two milthe western country is, from its vastness, the rich and inexhaustible coal mines of lions. Now, 200,000 tons of coal a year, at a world of itself, and while the trade on the purest anthracite, at Pittston, Luzerne|one cent a ton per mile toll would amount Ohio will be immense, who can measure County, are on an air line, only one hundred to 260,000, the interest at 5 per cent of more the business, the demand for goods, the and six miles from the city of New York ! || than five millions, and this without taking abundant returns in every thing that con-Do you doubt it? Do you say it is impos-into the amount the return trade, or carriage stirutes the element of mercantile businesssible? I reply, go take your map; put one of other articles. and profit of their inland seas, Lakes Erie, poiut of your dividers op New-York and ex- My whole plan embraces a continuous Huron, Michigan, Superior, and onward, || tend the other to Pitiston at the mouth of||railway from New-York to Buffalo. This nearly equalling in extent and fertility the the Lackawana, in Luzerne County, (direct-|| may be divided into three sections. First, Mediterranean and its tributaries?

ly in a line to Buffalo, too,) and now mea-lehe railroad to Pitiston, at the mouth of the The great and growing trade of this ex- sure the distance on the scale. -see ! it is Lackawana ; secondly, up the Susquehantensive region it is in your power, if not to only one hundred and six miles!-as true as

na to the New York State railroad, through monopolize, at least 10 secure a large pro- | you live : and that very soon-the sooneribe southern tier of counties ; thirdly, from portion of, by prompt and energetic action. the better for us all-there will not only be that railroad to Buffalo. It should be here i mean, by a railroad in the most direct a railroad from the city to those coal mines distinctly stated that the State of Pennsyl. line practicable from your city to Lake Erie. in Pittston, but we shall see cars laden with ||vania is now prosecuting to early compleEvery mile saved is important, every hour coal come from those mines and unload |tion the canal from the State line down to gained is worthy of consideration. The their burdens at our wharves the same day, Pirişton, to which point the Pennsylvania Tioga branch of the Susquehanna, from while passenger ears will in all probability Canal from Columbia is finished, and now in Bach, by Painted Post, and Newtown, cuts go and return in a day.

perfect operation. And that the State of the Staie line of Pennsylvania, a few miles I wish this matter would be duly appre- || New-York is going on with her railroad, above Tioga Point, where it meets that ri-||ciated. The coal trade is yet in its infancy;|(which comes within four or five miles of ver, and descends in its main direction to thus far the demand has outrun the sup- the State line, where the Pennsylvania caPittston in Luzerne County, not consider-ply. What the value of coal has been in nal will strike it,) westerly to Portland on ing its sinuosities, but taking its general New-York the past winter yon can best tell Lake Erie. So that, if the first division incourse in almost a direct line to New-York. 1-1 presume from seven to nine dollars adicated, that is, from your city 10 Pittston, Indeed, this point is of so great importance ton. A necessary of life, indispensable 10|| should be pushed vigorously to completion, to your interest, that all your intelligent existence as bread, the demand will go on the two upper sections of the road might be men, your enterprising young men especial. augmenting wish increasing population, all made at perfect leisure, as there would be a ly, ought to make themselves fully masters along the sea-board ; and from the fact sia-|| perfect communication from Portland on of the subject. Instead of inquiring, “Whaited of the nearness of the Pittston coal Lake Erie, 10 Pittston, by the time the first news from Washington? Has the expung-| fields, it is apparent that New-York may| division from Pittston to New-York would ing resolution passed? Have Wise and share largely with Philadelphia the new be finished. Byrum kissed and made friends ?” the and increasing business resulting from the Let this striking fact be placed in a paraexciting question should be,“ By what route coal trade. It should be borne in mind that graph by itself, that, by Pittston and the can we reach Lake Erie by railroad 10 most now a large, if not the principal, supply of Susquehanna, the distance from New York advantage? Have you examined the map :|| coal comes from Schuylkill County, and to Lake Erie is sixty miles shorter than by Have you measured the air.line distance ? | is transported more that two hundred miles any other route.

CLINTON. Do the waters of the Susquehanna, for near

* In Parker's Report to the Sonate of Pennsylvania, a hundred miles, cut through the ranges of * Doubtless you have many engineers of ample the distance is set down as 2344 miles.

skill; but permit me to eay there is one, a young man mountains, and open an easy way to form a

of first-rate talents and attainments, now engaged on railroad from the Lake to our city?” Put a the railroad from Brooklyn down Long-Island, who, I New-YORK AND ALBANY RAILROAD.It

wish, could be drawn to look into this matter. I know thread, one end at New-York, and the other he is competent and worthy of all confidence. Should will be recollected that in 1832 a charter on the Lake, so as to touch Buffalo, and be this meet the eye of Mr. L, will he accept the respect was granted for this Railroad, with a capi

, and hold! the valley of the upper Susquehanna | this interesting subject?

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has not been, as we were in hopes it would || whole winter-and of course a continual||ed facilities which the Railway will afford. be, commenced--and it is therefore necessa. supply of fresh provisions for our citizens. The iron of this county possesses the bigh. ry that the subject should be again brought of the extent of business of the country on

est reputation, and is now transported from before the Legislature. the line of the Road, there are very few in- the United States Armory at Springfield, by

Salisbury, on the borders of this Siale, to of the importance of this route to the deed who have a correct idea ; and the ex- land, at an expense of iwelve dollars per citizens of the city of New-York, the coun. tent to which it would be increased is less cop, Some estimate of the present business ties through which it is designed to pass,duly appreciated. The remark that “ Rail- of the county may be formed, by an examiand to all whose business requires them to roads create their own business," will be productions, and their annual value, by

nation of the following statement of its travel between the Commercial Emporium here clearly exemplified.

John M. Holley, Esq., which has recently and the political Capital, or the interior and The facts, estimates, and statementshere-| been published, and in preparing which, extreme parts of the State in a northerly di- with submitted were collected and made he informs us, ihat a very considerable lisi rection, it is entirely useless to speak./several years since, and it will be

of articles, each of small comparative value,

proper, Those who have had the misfortune to pass in coming to a conclusion at this time, to

are entirely omitted :

Value.
over the route between New-York and Al. take into the account the wonderful increase Pig and bar iron, &c., $293,000 00
bany during the winter season, can at least of business, as well as the astonishing im.
appreciate its value; and we should sup. provements in the construction of Railroads

Manufacture of Iron,fc.
Scythes,

55,000 00 pose that our citizens would be able, from and Railroad machinery.

Hoes,

7,150 00 the rigors of the past winter, during which “ The county of Westchester is the first Axes,

25,500 00 time, they have been shut out from supplies, district to which our inquiries will be di-Rat and mouse traps,

9,500 00 to estimate its importance to them. There county will be intersected by the Railway Shovels and spades,

rected. This large, populous and wealthy | Shoe tacks and sparables, 40,000 00 are, however, many residing beyond its in- at nearly equal distances between the shores Augers,

6,500 00

2,000 00 fluences, who are not like to be materially of the North and East Rivers. The inhabi- Steel,

8,000 00 affected by the want of it, who may be call. tants of the most productive parts of this Pitchforks,

20,000 00 ed upon to act upon the nueasure, and it, city markets, and the impulse which will county will thus obtain ready access to the Ploughs,

3,800 00 therefore, will not be deemed inoportune, thereby be given to the agricultural and

$177,650 00
or improper in us, to publish, or rather re-l manufacturing industry of the county must,
publish some important facts in relation to

from the very circumstance of its contigui. Other Productions.
the business of the counties near and through lanpual amount of ionnage and passengers Woollen cloths,
ty to the city of New-York, afford a large Wool,

$151,000 00 which it will pass, collected by a commit to the Railroad. In one of the remote Cotton

215,000 00 do.,

15,000 00 tee of gentlemen appointed for that purpose, towns in this county the tonnage for a Rail. | Hats,

70,700 00 which, if correct-and we have reason to way has been estimated at near 2000 tons Shoes and boots,

112,000 00 believe them, at this time, entirely within direction. The population of this county; || Clocks, annually, and the passengers at 800 in each Carriages and wagons,

38,000 00 the amount-demonstrate that it will be in 1830, was 36,476; the valuation of real Leather,

882,000 00

181,000 00 not only exceedingly useful to the business and personal estate, in 1831, was 9,397,840|| Cabinet work and chairs, 27,000 00 of those counties, and to the city of New-dollars.

Cordage,

500 00 York, but also highly profitable to those who

The county of Fairfield, in Connecticut, Machinery, part wood and part
may invest their funds in its stock.
lies near the contemplated route of the Rail- iron and steel,

19,000 00 road, and the interior portions of it can have Brick, clay furnaces, and marble, 38,200 00 We are fully of the opinion, and have of. no other favorable outlet for the products ot|Rakes and brooms,

5,000 00 ten expressed it through the Journal, that their industry, which now contribute much Lime,

5,000 00 those who own property along the line of to the general business of the city and Musical instruments,

2,200 00

20,000 00 an important contemplated Railroad, had bet-country. A branch Railway of nine miles Buttons, will reach Danbury, one of ihe shire towns Cheese,

115,000 00 ter contiribute one fourth part of it, to a com- ll of this county, overcoming an elevation of Butter,

17,600 00 mon fund for its construction, without an-but 48 feel. Some estimate may be formed of ticipating any returns in the way of divi. the industry and amount of business of this

$1,414,200 00 dends, rather than that the road should not hundred thousand feet of boards are annual Manufactures of iron, &c., flourishing town, from the fact that two Pig and bar iron,

293,000 00

177,650 00 be made. This, however, is not necessa. Illy used in the construction of packing boxes ry, as every man who shall invest one hun-for the single article of hats sent to the

$1,884,850 00 dred dollars in this Road, may rely upon New-York Market. The number of pas

The number of passengsrs to and from receiving, after it shall be completed and in sengers booked by the stages at the same New York, furnished by this county, is use, at least ten per cent. per annum from place, is said to be six thousand annually.

very great, and constantly increasing.

The county of Putnam, though of limited it; and if he owns property on or near its extent, will afford much for the support of || long distinguished for its agricultural indus

The county of Dutchess, which has been line, he may rely upon an increase in itsa Railway. Extending from the Hudson iry and wealth, will contribute largely to the value of five to fifty per cent., and in some at the Highlands to the east line of the permanent business of the Railroad. Much places, one hundred to five hundred per cent.llions will be found contiguous to the Rail. || tiful valley through which the Railway is de

State, its most valuable and productive por- 1 of its finest soil lies contiguous to that beau. che moment it shall be completed.

road. A partial estimate of its transporta- || signed to pass. Careful estimates of the preThus far we have viewed it mainly as a lion has been made by citizens residing | sentamount oftransportation have been made benefit to those on its line-it will be found near the eastern border of the county, which in some of the towns in the eastern portion of equal advantage to this city as it will amounts to 7000 tons, and 6000 passengers of the county, and the result is highly favoraopen an easy, cheap, and expeditious com- luation of real and personal estaie in 1831,||ty, may be supposed to give their support

annually: Population in 1890, 12,701. Val.ble. An average of eight towns in this counmunication, during the whole winter, with $2,198,889.

to the Railway through the year, not to in. the period at which, as we are now situated, The county of Litchfield, in Connecticut, || clude the businees which would be derived we are cut off from supplies from the next claims our notice. The interior posi- from the other towns, and from the four

tion of this large county, and its proximity || ishing village of Poughkeepsie, in the winmost productive portion of the surround

to our borders, and to the route of the Rail. || ter season. The present iransportation of ing country; and connected, as it willway will secure to the latter almost the three of the above towns is estimated at be, with the numerous Railroads leading whole amount of its export and import trade. | 10,167 tons, it the annual cost of 36,168 from Albany, Troy and to the intermidiate Possessing, in the Housatonic and its tribu- | dollars. Applying this ratio to the eight flourishing towns in New-York, Connecti-taries, a vast amount of water power; riclitowns, and then deducting one half of ihe

in its soil and its extensive deposits of iron amount, will afford the estimate which we cut, and Massachusetts, there will be a con-lore, lime-stone and marble; its productions shall venture to give of the present trans

| trade with our merchants during the must be greatly multiplied by the increas- portation of this county which will pertain

Total,

linua

tons at

0

10

sma the and area

tre

t the Railroad, and is equal to 13,556 tons || estimation of the business of the country amount of travel in our country, particular. annually at an expense of 48,224 dollars. contiguous to the route of the Railway, and ly on routes connected with its commercial The number of passengers which can be shall then give to the travel and transporta metropolis, increases anoually, in a ratio obatined from this county is not known.tion, which will pass through the entire far beyond that of its business or popula. Population of ihe county, 50,926. Valuation length of the route, a separate considera-|| lation; and in no case is this increase so of real and personal estate in 1831, 16,188,- tion.

high as when connected with the establish. 739 dollars.

We accordingly present the following ment of steamboats and Railroads. We are next called to notice the amountsummary :

In twelve towns in Berkshire, the passen. of business which can be obtained for the Reduced estimate of nine towns in Colunibia coun. Igers to and from the Hudson, are estimated Railway, from the county of Berkshire, in ty,

15,250 at the cost of 854,252 | as now paying an amount of 10,720 dollars Massachusetts, the inhabitants of which, | Estimate of Berkshire, 41,962

212,314 | annually. But the estimate is made on the owing to its peculiar position, are more Reduced estimate of Dutchdeeply interested in the success of this enter | Litchfield county, estimated

ess county,

13,556

48,224 present residents in these towns, not inclu. trise than almost any other section of coun.

ding transient visiters; and with the inat # of Berkshire, 31,472

159,236crease which will accrue in five years, to. iry. An examination has been made of the Putnam county, partial esti

gether with the vast multiplication of travel amount of transportation in thirteen towns

mate,

7,000

29,000 in the county, which amounts, independent | Westchester county, estiFairfield county,

which the Railway will occasion, and the 7,000

28,000

increase of mileage in the transit of a great of certain articles rot enumerated, to 20,981 mated equal to Putnam

portion of these passengers to the extreme tons annually, which, at the existing rates, and Fairfield,

14,000

56,000 points of the route, it will be fair to esticosts 106,157 dollars. The remaining seven.

mate the amount from this source from tee, towns of this large county, are repre.

130,240

$586,026

these twelve towns, on the opening of the sented as aliording ai least an equal amount,

We have thus a total of 130,240 tons now Railway, at 30,000 dollars annually, and the making an aggregate of 212,314 dollars, ex- transported annually at the expense of travel of the whole county at 60,000 dollars. clusive of a large number of passengers 586,026 dollars. It may be proper to sug. Nor will this estimate appear exaggerated, from the county and from other parts of the gest, that much of this business now pays when we consider that the most productive country more remote from the Railway. A an additional freight on the Hudson, a por-| business of a Railway is found to consist in respeciable inhabitant of that county, in a tion of which will be saved to the Railway, the conveyance of passengers. leiter to the Corresponding Committee, by passing direct to New-York; and al-We will, however, estimate the travel of ins says: “Although the result of this exami. though the Railway prices must be lower Berkshira county as producing annually

pas nation exceeds even our hopes, still, in my for the same distance than is now paid for to the Railway the sum of 840,000

of view, it is not the most interesting feature transportation on common roads, still the Litchfield county,

30,000 of the subject. The business which a Rail- increased mileage in passing to that city, Columbia, (including winter travel,) 20,000 way would create, and the increased activi- will go far to compensate for the decrease Dutchess,

20,000 ty whiclı it would give to branches now in price. The effect of the Railway will al-Putnam,

12,000 pursued, is the great point. We have mar. so be, to greatly multiply the amouut of pro- Fairfield,

12,000 ble in this town suitable for every part of ducts transported, so as to preserve, if not Westchester,

18,000 the most splendid dwelling, from the foun- increase, the gross amount now paid for dation stone, to the mantel and pier-table in transportation. Besides this, the general

$152,000 the parlor. Every variety of color from white increase of business which may be

expect. We now devote our attention to that part lo black is here, with the exception of that|ed to occur before the period can arrive at of the travel to and from the intermediate which is denominated Egyptian. Yet it which the Railway will be opened, especial- | po avails is nothing: we have no means of|ly with the stimulus of the Railway in pros- from the cities and counties which are situ

nts on the Railway, which is furaished transporting it to market. What is here pect, may be supposed, of itself, more than ated at its northern and southern termina. said, will

, in many particulars, apply with sufficient to make good the above amount tions. This important part of the estimate equal force to macy other towns. The to the Railway. Some facts relating to the must begin with the city of New-York, article of bay, of which in the winter sea-l increase of bäsiness in Berkshire will show which will possess, in this Railway, if we son vist quantities would be sent to the this in a strong light. About the year 1826 New-York market, has not been included an examination was made into the amount except the Hudson River, its most interestin the estimate.

ing and frequented channel of intercourse of transportation then afforded by that counIn the county of Columbia we may esti-ty, in reference to an extension of the Sha

with the country. Thousands of its citi.

zens will be induced to seek, through this mate an average of nine towns as being iai. ron Canal through the rich valley of the accommodation, a respite from the cares of mediately connected with the Railway. One Housatonic. It was found that its trans: business, in the rural scenery and tree air of of these towns atfords a greater amount of portation was then performed at the annual that delightful region of country, which transportation than any other town from expense çf about 100,000 dollars; and the borders on the route. Thousands also of which reiurns have been received, and the Conimittee who instituted the inquiries the strangers who visit the metropolis will whole are averaged as equal to the three ventured to predict, that with the aid of the be atiracted by these inducements, and the towns in Dutchess, whose returns have facilities which a Canal would afford, this

exhibitions of manufacturing and mechani. Deducting one half the amount would be doubled in six years. I cal skill which this enterprising country al

.

presi been mentioned.

medi amount of this estimate, for proximity to Since those inquiries were made, six years fords, to visit places and objects in the vinavigation and other considerations, there have elapsed, and without the aid of the will remain 15,250 tons, at the annual cost contemplated Canal, the transportation now

cinity of the Railway. To form a just view of 54,252 dollars. The population of this exceeds 200,000 dollars ; and intelligent per- Tof the amount of this intercourse, and of

we county is 39,954. Valuation of real and sons in that county, who are conversant the business transactions incident upon it

, personal estate 9,776,941 dollars. with its industry and statistics, avow their we need but remember thai the resident

ind Passing over the towns which will be in-belief that with the facilities which a Rail-/ population of the city in 1830 exceeded tersceted by the Railway in Rensselaer way on that route might afford, the present 207,000 persons; that it is now equal to at county, and the city of Troy, we will con- amount would be quadrupled in another least 225,000; and that its real and personal

estate is valued at 139,280,214 dollars. sider this county, as well as that of Albany, equal period.

Brooklyn, which is but an extension, of the as formning the northern terminus of the We shall therefore be fully justified in asroute, the estimate for which will claim our suming an amount of transportation in the city, had, in 1830, a population exceeding attention hereafter.

first years of the Railway operations, equal 15,000, which is rapidly increasing, and its The data on which we proceed in esti- to the suinmary above recited. Lest, how. I valuation is near seven millions of dollars. mating the amount of business which will ever, we should appear too sanguine, and At the northern termination of the route we be afforded to the Railroad, though founded to remove all possible objections, we will have the flourishing cities of Albany and on careful estimates in some towns, is ne- deduct 40 per cent. from ihe foregoing esti-Troy, a large portion of whose citizens are cessarily imperfect with regard to others.mate of transportation, which reduces the natives of New England, who maintain &

constant intercourse, both mercantile and Some of our estimates may possibly be amount to 351,616 dollars.

pasoverrated, others certainly fall short of the truth, and in those lowns where a care-sengers which would be afforded to the if we look beyond these limits to the north ful re-examination has been made, the Railway from the same district of country; and to the west, we find the same relations araount is found to be greatly increased, and in paking this inquiry we are obliged existing, and a corresponding frequency of and there is good reason for believing that to proceed on data lebs precise than that intercourse, which must needs contribute the rerurns on which our results are chiefly which has governed our estimate of heavy largely to the resources of the Railway. The predicated, are more precise and authentic transportation. We are, notwithstanding, valuation of Albany county is 12,739,639 than are often obtained in similar cases.in less danger of overrating the subject, for dollars. Its population, in 1830, was 53,570. We shall now complete our approxiniatellall past experience has shown that the Valuation of real and personal estate, in

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Rensselaer county, including Troy, 9,615,-|jance always increases travel; and that ma-|| of the tin plate were quite soft from the 992 dollars. Population, 49,472.

ny travellers will be drawn to the railroad corrosion, which had extended to about It is highly probable that this class of from ' motives of interest or curiosity, and one eighth of an inch. These experiments travel to and from the intermediate portions still greater numbers from considerations of the route will equal that which is fur- of convenience, or a desire of change; so

seem worthyofbeing repeated and extended nished by the intermediare country itself, that a considerable portion of what is called

The present demand for tin plate is amounting, as we have seen, to '152,000 pleasure travel, as well as of the men of very great ; should these statements be dollars annually, and making a total of business, will be induced to pass in one confirmed, a vast increase in its consump 304,000 dollars; a sum, it will be perceived, || direction by the steam-boats, and in the tion might be anticipated. The opinion which is still below the estima:ed_trans- other by the railway.

may be entertained that it is practicable portation of the same country. In compli. If the number of passengers which now to substitute double tin plate for sheet cop. ance, however, with our former rule of cau. pass daily in the steam-boats, between the per in covering the botioms of ships, &c. tion we will reduce this amount to 200,000||extreme points of the route, be reckoned at

using zinc in small proportions as a pro dollars. 800 on an average of six days to the week,

tector. We have thus an aggregate of 200,000 they may, at the expiration of six years bly occasion a saving of nearly threo

Such applications would proba dollars for the entire intermediare travel of from the present period, be safely estimated the railway, including not only that which | at 1200 per day. Perhaps one.ibird of th fourths of the present expense of copper is afforded by the counties which are inter- number would be induced to take the rail. sheathing. sected, but also that which emanates from road; but we will allow 150 per day, in It also seems deserving of inquiry, the county of Rensselaer, and the cities of each direction, as the average of the long whether iin plate vessels, protected by Albany and Troy on the north, and the city travel by the railway at the period of ii zinc, may not be advantageously substituiof New-York on the south. Nor can we completion ; which, in a season of 3€ ted for copper vessels in many of our arts think this itein to be overrated, for, on com- weeks, reckoned at 6 days in a week, gives and manufactures, and even in domestic paring it with the known amount of travel |68,400 passengers ; whích, at $2,50 each, on stage routes through less important dis- will be 171,000 dollars. These amounts re

economy. Although it might be pre. tricts, it would evidently justify a larger es- | quire no reduction.

sumed, from Sir H. Davy's experiments limate.

We present the following recapitulation : and observations,* that zinc would pro. We come now to consider the probable Estimated transportation of the

tect tin plate from corrosion in sea-water, income of the railway, from the business country connected with the

the author is not aware that any direct passing from the extreme points through

railway, less 40 per cent., $351,616 experiments on the subject have been the entire length of the railway, and will Winter freights,

58,500 published. Sir H. Davy briefly refers to first attempt an estimate of that which willOther light freights,

12,50C pass in the winter months, say an average

Reduced estimate for travel

way

some obvious practical applications of his of three months in each year.

pertaining to the route from the

researches, to the preservation of finely Although the amount of travel between cities and other parts of the

divided astronomical instruments of steel New-York and Albany by the post-road, at

200,000 by iron cr zinc; and that Mr. Pepys had this season of the year, is comparatively Winter passengers through the taken advantage of this last circumstance, small, yet all must be convinced, that under entire route

58,500 in inclosing fine cutting instruments in the operation of the railway, the business To which may be added the esti

handles or cases lined with zinc. The and iravel would not only be greatly in. maie for passengers through

author has not heard whether such appli. creased, but more equally diffused through the entire route during the sea.

cations have succeeded, but he has made the different seasons. During the season son of navigation,

171,000 of navigation, not fewer than eight steam.

a number of experiments with a view to boats pass daily the Hudson through the Total estimate of annual inconie, $852,116 protect brass, iron, copper, &c., from entire route, One boat is said to have car.

iarnish and corrosion in the atmosphere ried 25,000 passengers annually, on an ave

From the London Repertory of Patent Inventions. by means of zinc; the results obtained, rage of past years, and some boats have|ON

MADE however, lead to the conclusion, that conmuch exceeded this number. If we allow WITH A VIEW TO PROTECT TIN PLATE tact with zinc will not protect those me. a season of 35 weeks, and six passages per OR TINNED IRON FROM CORROSION IN SEA-tals in the atmosphere, the electricity thus week, it will give 112 passengers per day WATER, WITH SOME PROBABLE APPLI- produced, without the intervention of a for each boat, or an average of near 900 per

CATIONS; AND ON THE POWER OF ZINCAuid, being apparently too feeble to coup. day; and we may safely allow 75 per day,

TO PROTECT OTHER METALS FROM cor. teract the chemical action of air and in each direction, as thc average of the long

ROSION IN THE ATMOSPHERE. travel in the winter months, when inter.

BY ED. moisture on the surfaces of the metals.† course shall be established by a Railway.

MUND DAVY, F. R. S., M. R. I. A., ETC.,
This number, at five dollars each, which

CentRIFUGAL FORCE.-At Little Green would be a moderate winter price, will

Logwood mill, Middleton, near Manchester, amount to 53,500 dollars. This average If a piece of tin plate is exposed in occupied by Mr. George Wolstencroft, there may seem too small, and doubtless is so, sea water for a few days, it will exhibit is a grindstone used for grinding the rasping but it must be remembered that we have an incipient oxidation, which will gradufeet in circumference, and ii inches and

knives for cutting logwood, upwards of 15 previously estimated all the travel to inter-ally increase ; the tin will be preserved upwards thick. On the 24th ult., as Nr. mediate points on the route. The amount at the expense of the iron, which will be John Wolstencroft, the son of the occupier, of property to be carried through by the corroded. But if a small surface of zinc and another young man, were grinding the Railway cannot be so satisfactorily ascertained; but as the Railway will form the is attached to a piece of tin plate and im. knives at the stone, the young man had sole channel of communication between mersed in sea water, both the tin and iron screwed the machine in which the knife is New-York and the interior al that season, will be preserved, whilst the zinc will be held for grinding, rather too tiglit; this beand will greatly facilitate commercial ex-oxidated, on the principle first made ing observed by Mr. John, wlio also saw changes, we will assume the ainount of the known by the late Sir H. Davy.

that the stone was revolving at a tremenwinter transportation to be equal to the

dous speed, he desired the young man to be

The author has exposed for nearly cautious. foregoing item, or 58,500 dollars. To this eight months in sea.water a surface of tin ped from his lips, than the stone broke in

No sooner had the words dropmay be added, for light articles

transported at other seasons of the year, 12,500 dollars. plate nailed to a piece of wood by means several pieces, one of which, weighing not

There remains but one other source of of tinned iron tacks, inserting between less than 6 or 7 cwt., forced its way through income to be estimated, which is that ari- the wood and the tin plate a small button a wall a brick and a half thick, and drove a sing from the long travel in summer, or that of zinc. Under these circumstances the large quantity of the bricks upwards of 20 which passes through the entire length of tinned plate has remained clean and free yards from the wall.—[A similar accident the Railway during the season of naviga. | from corrosion; the zinc has of course

occurred some years ago. See vol. xviii. tion, and which, as has been premised, is been corroded. In a comparative ex.

p. 32.]-(London Mechanics' Magazine.] not relied upon in calculating its profit or perimet, in which a similar piece of tin * Phil. Trans., vol. cxiv., for 1824 ; [or, Phil. Mag. utility. It would be a mistake, however, to infer that no income will be derived from plate was nailed to the same piece of first series, vol. Ixiv., p. 30, 233; vol. Ixv. p. 203. -this source. The nature of the case, as

wood, and exposed, during the same pe. + [The negative results thus obtained by Mr. E. well as past experience, shows that an in-riod, to the same quantity of sea-water, | Davy, agree exactly with those of some trials which i crease of the means and facilities of convey.ll without the zinc, the edges on two sides 2. W. B.)

SOME

RECENT

EXPERIMENTS

PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY TO THE ROYAL
DUBLIN SOCIETY.

Titiles 278;1 the