VICTORIA.

Lord George Bentinck, 1802-1848.-A distinguished Conservative leader, and head of the so-called 'Protectionist' party, who ●pposed the repeal of the Corn Laws. (See p. 68, s. 339.)

Sir Robert Peel, 1788-1850.-Established the Police Force, earried the Catholic Emancipation Bill, imposed the Income Tax, and repealed the Corn Laws. He was Premier in 1834-5 and 1841-6. General Sir Charles James Napier, 1782-1853.-Served in the Peninsula, and afterwards won. the battles of Meanee and Dubba (Hyderabad), in Scinde.

Lord Raglan, 1788-1855.—A Peninsular veteran, who was commander-in-chief in the Crimea, where he died.

Sir Henry Havelock, 1795-1857.-A distinguished Indian officer. In the Sepoy mutiny he took Cawnpore and relieved Lucknow. Thomas, Lord Dundonald, 1775–1860. — A distinguished admiral. (See p. 64, s. 303.)

George, Lord Aberdeen, 1784-1860.-Minister in various capacities. Premier in 1852-5.

Admiral Sir Charles John Napier, 1786-1860.-Took Acre and Beyrout in the Syrian war. In the Crimean war he commanded the English fleet in the Baltic, and took Bomarsund, in the Aland Islands. He was replaced by Admiral Dundas.

Sir George Cornewall Lewis, 1806-1863.-Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1855-8 and 1861. Editor of the Edinburgh,' and author of various works.

Lord Clyde, 1792-1863.-Served in the Peninsula and the Grimea, and was commander-in-chief in the Indian mutiny.

Richard Cobden, 1804-1865.-Aided in the abolition of the Corn Laws, and negotiated a Commercial Treaty with France in 1860.

Henry Temple, Viscount Palmerston, 1784-1865.-Minister in various capacities for half a century. He held the Premiership from 1859 to 1865, when he died, and was buried in Westminster Abbey.

Henry, Lord Brougham, 1778-1868.-Lord Chancellor in 1830. He defended Queen Caroline, and was one of the founders of the Edinburgh Review. Lord Brougham greatly aided the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, and did much for the improvement of the working classes.

Edward, Earl of Derby, 1799-1869.-Minister in various capacities. Premier in 1852, 1858-9, and 1866-8. Lord Derby

published a translation of the 'Iliad' into English blank verse in 1865.

Edward, Earl Clarendon, 1800-1870.- Minister in various capacities. 1868-70.

He was Foreign Secretary in 1853-8, 1865-6, and

།

John, Earl Russell, b. 1792.-Carried the repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts in 1828, and passed the first Reform Bill in 1832. Earl Russell has been Colonial Secretary, Home Secretary, Foreign Secretary, Lord President of the Council, and First Lord of the Treasury. He is also the author of some historical and biographical works.

Benjamin Disraeli, b. 1805.-Chancellor of the Exchequer, 1852, 1858-9, and 1866-8; Premier, 1868. Passed the new Reform Bill in 1867. Mr. Disraeli is the author of a 'Biography of Lord George Bentinck,' and of 'Vivian Grey,' 'Coningsby,' 'Lothair,' and other novels.

William Ewart Gladstone, b. 1809.-Has been President of the Board of Trade, Colonial Secretary, and Chancellor of the Exchequer. He became Premier in 1868, and in that capacity passed his bill for the dis-establishment of the Irish Church. Mr. Gladstone is the author of 'Church and State,' 'Studies on Homer,' 'Juventus Mundi,' &c.

Robert, Lord Napier of Magdala, b. 1810.—A distinguished Indian officer, who commanded the English forces in Abyssinia, and took Magdala.

Sir John Lawrence, b. 1810.-Called the 'Saviour of India,' of which he was Governor-General, 1863-8. He became Lord Lawrence of the Punjaub in January 1869; and Chairman of the Metropolitan School Board in 1870.

John Bright, b. 1811.-M.P. for Birmingham since 1857. Has powerfully aided in the abolition of the Corn Laws and the progress of Reform. President of the Board of Trade 1868-70.

Robert Lowe, b. 1811.-Vice-President of the Board of Trade, 1855-8, Vice-President of the Board of Education of the Privy Council 1859-64. Became Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1868.

George, Earl Granville, b. 1815.- Vice-President of the Board of Trade 1848-51, Foreign Secretary 1851-2, Lord President of the Council 1852-4 and 1859-66, Colonial Secretary 1868-70. Became Foreign Secretary again in 1870.

George Joaquim Goschen, b. 1831.-Vice-President of the Board of Trade 1865-6, and President of the Poor Law Board 1868: Became First Lord of the Admiralty 1871.

APPENDIX VIL

ENGLISH BATTLEFIELDS.

LIST OF SOME OF THE PLACES WHERE THE CELEBRATED BATTLES OF ENGLISH HISTORY WERE FOUGHT, ARRANGED IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER.*

Aboukir Bay (Mouth of the Nile, Egypt).-Defeat of the French by Nelson, 1798. This is also called the 'Battle of the Nile.'

Acre (Palestine, Syria).—Taken by Richard I. and Philip II. of France, 1192. Defeat of Bonaparte by Sir Sidney Smith, 1799. Bombarded by the English, 1840.

Agincourt (Department Pas de Calais, France).-Defeat of the French by Henry V., 1415.

Albuera (Province Estremadura, Spain).-Defeat of the French by Beresford, 1811.

Alexandria (Coast of Egypt).-Defeat of the French by Sir Ralph Abercrombie, 1801.

Algiers (Algeria, Africa).—Bombardment by Lord Exmouth, and release of slaves, 1816.

Aliwal (Punjaub, India).—Defeat of the Sikhs by the English, 1846.

Alma (Crimea, Russia).-Defeat of the Russians by the English and French, 1854.

Alnwick (Northumberland).—Defeat of William, King of Scotland, and the sons of Henry II., by Henry's troops, 1175.

Arcot (Carnatic, India).—Taken by Clive, 1751.—Taken by Hyder Ali, 1780.

Ascalon (Palestine, Syria).-Taken by Richard I., 1192. Assaye (Central India).-Defeat of the Mahrattas by Wellington, 1803.

Aughrim (Galway, Ireland).-Defeat of the French by the English under Ginkel, 1691,

The learner will find it aid his memory if he marks the positions of these places (with the dates of the corresponding battles) upon rough sketch maps, similar to those described and recommended in the 'Civil Service Geography.'

Badajoz (Province Estremadura, Spain).-Taken by Wellington, 1812.

Balaclava (Crimea, Russia).—Defeat of the Russians by the English and French, 1854.

Bannockburn (Stirlingshire, Scotland).-Defeat of Edward II. by Robert Bruce, 1314.

Barnet (Hertfordshire).—Defeat of Warwick (the king-maker) by Edward IV., 1471. Warwick was here slain.

Barossa (Province Cadiz, Spain).-Defeat of the French by Sir T. Graham, 1811.

Basque Roads (S.W. Coast of France).-Four French ships of the line blown up by Lord Cochrane, 1809.

Beyrout (Syria).-Bombarded by the English, 1840.

Blackheath (Kent).-Defeat of the Cornish rebels by King Henry VII.'s troops, 1497.

Blenheim (Bavaria).-Defeat of the French and Spanish by the English, Austrians, and Dutch, under Marlborough, 1704.

Blore Heath (Staffordshire).-Defeat of the Lancastrians by the Yorkists, 1459.

Boroughbridge (Yorkshire).-Defeat of the Duke of Lancaster by Edward II., 1322.

Bosworth (Leicestershire).-Defeat of Richard III. by Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond, 1485. This was the last battle in the Wars of the Roses.

Bothwell Bridge (Lanarkshire, Scotland).-Defeat of the Covenanters by the Duke of Monmouth, 1679.

Boyne (Meath, Ireland).-Defeat of James II. by William III.,

1690.

Brandywine (Pennsylvania).-Defeat of Washington by the English, 1777.

Brooklyn (State of New York, United States).-Defeat of Washington by the English, 1776.

Bunker's Hill (Massachusetts, United States).-Defeat of the colonists by the royal troops, 1775.

Busaco (Province Beira, Portugal).-Defeat of the French by Wellington, 1810.

Cadiz (Province Andalusia, Spain).-Taken by Howard of Effingham, 1596.

Calais (Department Pas de Calais, France).—Taken by Edward III. after a siege of eleven months, 1347. Retaken by the French in 1558.

Cambuskenneth (Stirlingshire, Scotland).-Defeat of the English by Sir William Wallace, 1297.

Camperdown (Province North Holland, Netherlands).-Defeat of the Dutch fleet by Duncan, off Camperdown, 1797.

Cape St. Vincent (South-West extremity of Portugal).—Victory gained by Jervis over the Spanish fleet, 1797.

Cawnpore (Allahabad, India).—Massacre of Europeans during the Indian Mutiny, 1857.

Chalgrove Field (Oxfordshire).—Skirmish between the Royalists and Parliamentarians, in which John Hampden was slain, 1643. Chaluz (Department Haute Vienne, France).-Castle besieged by Richard I., who died of a wound he here received, 1199.

Chilianwallah (Punjaub, India).—Defeat of the Sikhs by the English, 1849.

Cintra (Province Estremadura, Spain).-Convention for the evacuation of Portugal by the French, 1808.

Ciudad Rodrigo (Province Leon, Spain).-Taken by Wellington, 1812.

Copenhagen (Province Zealand, Denmark).-Defeat of the Danish fleet by Nelson, 1801, Bombardment of the town by the English, 1807.

Corunna (Province Corunna, Spain).-Defeat of the French by Sir John Moore, 1809.

Cravant (Department Yonne, France).-Defeat of the French by the English, 1423.

Cressy (Department Somme, France).-Defeat of the French by Edward III. and the Black Prince, 1346. In this battle gunpowder was first used.

Culloden, or Drumossie Moor (Croy, Nairn and Inverness, Scotland).-Final defeat of the Young Pretender by the Duke of Cumberland, 1746.

Delhi (N.W. Provinces, India).-Massacre of Europeans during the Indian Mutiny, 1857.

Dettingen (Bavaria).—Defeat of the French by the English and Dutch under George II., 1743.

Dubba (Scinde, India).-Ameers of Scinde defeated by Sir Charles Napier, 1843...

Dunbar (Haddington, Scotland).—Defeat of Baliol by Edward I., 1296. Defeat of the Covenanters by Cromwell, 1650.

Dunkirk (Department du Nord, France).-Taken by Cromwell,

1658.