the keep of his four horses; for I allow five || These being laid uppermost in the cutting|| weeks feeding after they were dry, they behundred pounds of hay, inclu tiag waste, to trough, keep the hay well pressed, and cause came fit for the shambles, with very little keep a horse for a month. In the common it to be cut more regularly. Thus we now loss from the first cost. As a subst tute for and careless manner of feeding, this quint.ty use about 25 ewt, of hay monthly, instead ||ebaff and oil cake, Mr. C. recommends cut will not do it. So that in an extensive con of four tons." bay, which, when steamed, would make a cern, a farmer will be well paid by keeping The next statement which I shall give, is much superior food; and, he entertains no a hand exclusively for chaffing has long pro- Benjamin Hale's account of the saving doubt, would greatly augment the milk, as vender. Yet, I believe on com non farms made by th use of Hotchkiss S.raw Cut well as benefit the heal h and condition of his time would not be half occupied in th ster, employed to cut hay and straw as fod. the animals. Of this there can be little employment." der for horses, as given in the Mass. Ag.question; for straw, or even the corn Reports, vol. iv. p 400 ((wheat) husk, which is said to contain more Mr. He is proprietor of a line of stages nutrient, can ad I but little to the product running between Newburyport and Boston of milk; it may keep some animals from The whole amount of hay purchased from starving, but it will never improve their April 1, to October 1, 1816, (six months,)||flesh; and it may be received as an axiom, and used at the stage stable, was, tons. cwt. qrs. lbs. I subjoin to this an extract of a letter from Mr. Jones, the gentleman above reter-, red to addressed to Judge Peters, a out the same time. My attention to feeding my horses. four in number, with cut hay, by measure, commenced in the fall of last year, in consequence of a publication I saw in one of our city newspapers, in which were detailed great advantages that had been derived from adopting that practice. Experi menting on that mode of distributing hay to the number of horses above metioned, found, or as nearly as I could calculate, a saving of thirteen hundred pounds per month. I have since extended the practice to the whole of my farm stock of cattle, and believe the saving to be in the same ratio as stated relative to the horses. In addition to this saving, may be added the advantage o an intermixture of cut corn stalks and oth-Hay, er descriptions of food that would not be eaten separately, and without being chaffed. My horses and cattle are all healthy, and look well." The next statement which I shall give, is that of Tuomas Wilhanson, from the Balt. (Eng.) Society's papers, bearing datei November, 1512. 32 4 0 10 At 25 dollars per ton, (the lowest tons cwt. q's lbs. Saving by the use of straw cutter, At "My horses, five in number, have been regularly worked at the pough in pairs The oxen, four in number, have worked in collars, drawing generally a stout Beaver. stone plough, or a large drag and scuffl·r. Their labor has been constant, and ratuer severe. As our meadows began to fal us towards the end of September, owing to the quantity of stock upon them, it became necessary to allow the xen more and better hay. The increased expenditure alarmed me, as the four oxen and five horses con sumed no less than four tons within one month. This caused me to prohibit the use of hay in the racks, and to feed all the cat. tle with chaff, of which a boy can cut suffi. cient for daily use in two hours. My ser vants not only ridiculed the change, but, as far as they dared, opposed it in a un-Total saving in using the straw derhand manner, by various pretexts and evasions. Aided by the care and vigilance of the young gentleman with me, the sys. tem of chaff feeding was fully established ; and the quantity needed for the horses, and for the oxen, separately, ascertained. in feeding all animals, that the value of the food is in proportion to the quantity of nutritive matter contained in its component parts. Bulk is also necessary to sustain the action of the stomach; but it serves no $800 00 other purpose." 510 In another place, after referring to Par. kinson's account of his horse keeping, before mentioned, the writer goes on to say, but to have óccasioned this great expense, the straw must have been chopped very tine, which is not merely unnecessary, but even objectionable; for mastication will be better 23||eflected if it be cut rather long; an 1 that operation is of the first necessity as regards the digestion, and consequently the nutriment of the animal In the south of Europe, more part.cul: rly in Span, where many 100 00 tine horses are fred, hay is generally unknown; and the straw, upon white, with barley, they are wholly kept, is always given only partially cut as rack meat, and never as chat. In Kent, however, but more espcally in the eastern part of that county, the teams are kept entirely upon short-cut straw and un brashed oats. given in the manger; the oat sheav s being estimated to produce above seven bushels of grain weekly for a team of four horses; or if clear corn be given, the common allowance is four bushels of oats and two of beans; and some farmers, it appears, neither allow corn nor hay, but give about two hundred weight of bans, with an unlimited quantity of straw, and perhaps a small portion of sanfoin hay cut in o chaff." 359 77 660 00 tons. ewt. qrs. Ibs. $30 per ton, (lowest price in 22 0 0 0 W le amount consumed by the Salem.) same number of horses from Oct. 1st, 1816, to April 1st, 1817: tons cw. qrs. lbs. Straw, 15 13 My next reference will be to some experi0 Hay, 0 187.80 268 80 men's detailed by Sir John Lindain: for 215 0 0 1.00 S though the mode of feeding adopted in Eng. savi in g using chopped lodder five months, land differs materially from th it used in this country, they knowing nothing of our Indan corn, and we as little of their horse bean, yet the experiments are, on every ac count, valuable and instructive. cutter nine months, viz. At Newburyport, 4 mon. 359.77} 391.20 S 391 20 • Mr. Willan, who is nterested in so ma780 97 ny stage coaches to and from London, forThe member of the Board of Trustees of merly used to consume every year about the Mass. Ag. Socie y, to who n the above 10,000 quarters of o its from the port of Lonaccount was communicated by Mr. Hale,don, and about 2 000 quarters were bought was informed by that gentleman, that heat country markets, for the horses he kept used no n.ore gran from October, 1816. to Apr.1, 1817, han was used from April. 1816,|| Prior to the high prices of last year he altwo or three stages distant from. London. to October, 1816.” lowed his horses as much corn and hay as they would eat; and on an average they consumed 2 pecks or 16 quarts of oats per Jay, and every 20 korses had a load of 18 years, with the exception of the two last, ew. of hay per week. For the last twenty The best hay (which it was always necessa Grazier." "One hundred weight of hay was found to yield 20 bushels of chaff pressed into the measure, and piled as high as it could safe ly be carried; consequently each bushel weighed about 5 lbs. It was found that the five horses would eat twelve bushels of chaff during the twenty-four hours; and that the four oxen would consume an equal quantity in the same time. Ever since the wheat. &c.) may be given to milch cows, Seamed chaff (meaning the refuse of oxen have been fed with chaff only, they with great advantage. For this important have very evidently improved in condition,fact in rural economy, the Grazier is indebt as have also the horses, although their worked to the ingen ous and persevering experi|ry to purchase for stage coach horses)might, has latterly been on heavier sol, and oments of T. C. Curwen, Esq., whose judi- on an average, be about £5 per load; but course more severe than formerly. Twen.cious zeal for the improvement of agricul last year it rose from £5 to even £10 per ty-four bushels of chaff, at 20 bushels to the ture is too well known to require any eulo-load; and oats this year (1812) rose from cwt., amount to about 21 tons yearly; gy. In giving the steamed chaff to the cat. 20s. to £4 and upwards, per quarter; at which, deducted from 48 tons, (the quantitytle, 2 lbs of oil cake are mixed with one which price, if oats had been given in the we were consuming within the year.) gives stone of chaff, and the milch cows and oxen usual quantity, it would have been imposa saving of about 23 tons, or more than are fed with it morning and evening, having sible to carry on the business of stage half. an allowance of one stone at each time. coaches. It became necessary, One great advantage attending this method either to give up that concern, or to hit uptherefore, were in such a condition, that, with a few was, that most, if not all, the milch cows on some new mode of feeding horses. "I have, however, carried the retrenchment further, by cutting in bean stalks to he extent of about a quarter of the chaff Beans had formerly been purchased before the new harvest began, at from £3 toys raw very short, and gives it a preference of the hay has been loaded in consequence £3 os. per quarter. In the expectation of to clover, if it has been cut before it na of having to remove li from one barn to anbeans containg at uearly this rate, Mr.ucea seeded, and is well ha.vested. fie nev-other, and calculating the umber of days a load would last, the resul. is as follows: 700 lbs. of English hay, at $16 per new, lan, they only cost, as has been already ton, 200 fresh, do. 3 bushels corn meal, $5.60 at $1 do. 40 do. 40 225 1 60 Per day, $10 25 $3.20 20 40 2 25 80 0.00 31 23 Wilian was led to erec. à machine to beer tafesnes s ais, I weil naivested, bu. worked by two horses, for crushing beans -uts them in the macale angeber. ims, and cutting chaff at the same time; and for however, readers it impossible exactly to some time, he found cons.derable advantage || ascertain the difference of expense between from the practice; but beans gradually rose he two systems. His horses are now as in price, until they reached Lo per quarter. he tiny and able to do their work as ever Even at that price, however, he finds it of he knew them; and he has lost only one advantage to use old beans, mixed with new horse stare ne adopted the new plan. It he oats and chaff, in the follow.ng maauer. died his horses according to the former Having harvested well a considerable quan-plan, at the price which corn now felches, 400 lbs. English hay chopped, tity of oats, it occurred to him that it would it would have cost him, at best, 11. 16s. 24. be of use, instead of threshing the corn (i e.|| for each horse per week,but according to the the oats, H. C.) to cut the straw and oats together into chaff; and now to each horse he gives per day, the collowing quantities of food, namely: 1. hali a bushel o, cut cha.f, amongst which there is probably about a quarter peck of oats, but which must vary according to the season, whether favorable to the production of straw or corn, (oats.) 2. Half a peek of crushed old beans; and, 3. that a bushel of cora, when boiled or bruis-Balance in favor of straw Cutter, $2.50 eis. Half a peck of new oats. This mode ofed, or a hundred weight of hay or straw, feeding Mr. Willan considers as healthcul waen cut, will go much archer than when for the horse, and enables hum to go through enure. If a horse is compeled to grind of to addition to the above balance may be the severest labor. The public advantages cut these articles with his teeth, the labor added an increase of S.X Lanus of Balk, to be derived from this mode of feeding occisions a diminution of strength, and and likewise something for me in provehorses, are of the greatest importance. The the additional time it requires lessens taa arent of the co.d.t.on of my whole stock. expense of feeding horses may thus be con. which might be devoted to repose. In 1 The above statement being sclue residerably reduced, the benefit of which s Tow gea. raily admited that the saliva is o.spects cellerent, and especially want.ng obvious. Even the hardest working horses ess use in promoting digestion, than was de exactness which is cancunery dis.table may thus be fed either altogether without formerly believed to be the case; and tha In such cases, I took the Liberty, through hay, or with a less proportion of it, which his important operation is performed chie.. || de The N. E. Famer, of will render it unnecessary to keep such exly by the gastric juices of the stomach.-addressing some inquiries to Mr. Sheldon; tensive and most valuable tracts of land in therefore the nourishment is put into the and solle eX-Facts Hem is reply, winch 1 a state of permanent grass, when the pro-sto nach in a state fit for the gastric juic duce can be so much increased by the use of the plough." "An eminent coach-master in Lancashire, (Mr. Brotherton, of Ramhill,) has likewise favored me with some important information regarding his improve i mole of feeding horses. He had been accustomed, from 1802 to 1811,to allow 8 horses every 24 hours, three Winchester bushels of ots and one bushel of beans, but no hay or chaff During that period, he lost a great number of horses every year, to the amount of from 14 to 17 on an average, which he attributes to his having given them too much corn, and more than the stomach could digest. This led him to try a small proportion of hay; and he afterwards adopted the follow. ing plan: er day. co.ums of My next statement will be that of Wil-ral part of my baru, I have a room 1s by am Phillips, Esq. dated Philadelphia. Jand i 12 feet; this is celled with teares, which ake it tight and arm. In this room is 10, 1524, and addressed to John fose Pow. ell, Esq. pump and a pen 10 bv 10 feet, which is "In reply to your inquiry respecting my made water tight; the hay Leng chopped experiments in the use of corn fodder, and And thrown into a heap, outside this loom, opinion of Eastman's Chaff Cutter, which early in the morning a suficient quantity is have had in operation for some time, I with put into the pen to feed the whole sicck pleasure commun cate the entire satisfac.nce, to which is added water cucugh to tion which both have afforded me. It i Loisten it, then meal and potatoes, when hardly necessary .o say that the corn is cu .he whole is mixed with a jour toned fork, before the sap is dry, stacked in the field, the autil every part of the hay re-eives its pro folder bound in bundles after it is husked. portion of the meal and potatoes, then it is and preserved in as dry a state as possible.iven to the cattle in baskets. This process is followed three times each day, me rig, Since I have used fodder thus prepared con, and sunset. The whole of which is To every 8 horses he allows one bushel I have kept from twenty-six to thirty-five performed, excepting giving it to the cattle, of oats, one bushel of beans, and three bush-head of cattle, besides horses and sheep duy a man whom I hire for eight dollars per els of cut hay, and straw or clover mixed, ring the winter, and have used at least ter month. In regard to chopping the pota of the best sort that can be purchased, the loads of hay less than when I kept only ues, I do not think it is of much couseexpense of which he thus estimates:- spring my cattle were in better order than quence, excepting they are more easily and One bushel beans, £0 12s. Od.welve. Thisusual." uniformly distributed among the bay, which 070 is of some consequence, as when not chopped the canle will devour the potatoes first, when I think it is better that the whole hould be eaten together." Expense per day for 8 horses, £1 00 That is 17s. 6d. for each horse per week, besides 5s. worth of hay per week, making the expense of each horse per week, 22s. 6d. A considerable saving thus arises, comparDear Sir: It is with pleasure that I comed to the feeding wholly with oats, besides ply with your request, asking the result of a great reduction on the quantity of oats my experience on the subject of feeding consumed. Mr. Brotherton never crushes stock. My stock consists of fifty-one head his beas or oats, thinking it unnecessary, namely: 8 horses, 4 oxen, 35 cows, and 2 when the horses get cut clover, hay and vearlings. This stork as fed in the usu straw, mixed with their corn. But he ad. al way, with English salt and fresh mea mits before they got that mixture, that the low hav, with meal and potatoes, as their beans and oats often passed whole; and it case required, unt the 1st of December would certainly be advisable to adopt the last, at which time I commenced chopping crushing plan, more especially with very my hay. In giving my experience, I must young or very aged horses, as the necessary in some measure, ask the privilegeofa Yan-have had a little hay, but two thirds of machinery can easily be had, attached tokee, viz. that of guessing; but in this case their living has been from this supply. a threshing mill. He cuts the hay and I think I can guess pretty correctly, as much The cows, since calving, have had a little Mr. M. R. Clapp, of Westminster, Vt., as now for three weeks kept two horses, two colts, two cows, and five young cattle, from 2 to 3 years old, upon feed prepared hus: 12 bushels of rye er oat straw cu fine and mixed wet with 24 quarts of cob meal. (Indian corn ground on the col) furnishes the supply for a day. The horses 1 hay. The colts had a little hay at first, as | lications of the kind before or since, which best to induce the State to become the patron this food scoured them too severely; but||have fallen under our notice. this, with these small exceptions, constitures the feed of the sto k. The cows were rather thin-the horses, colts, and young cattle, in excellent condition. Three men, in half a day, cut enough to last one week 12 bushels of cut straw weigh about 100 lbs., or 8 lbs. per bushel basket full. ma founder of the institution, an establishneat would grow up, which would rove one of its highest ornaments and blessings. At the same time, we should not be willing to expend more than ten thousand dollars in any way that would not be immediately Vailable, so that in case, after an experi It deserves, however, the serious considerat.on of the Legislature and the Convention, how much good might be done, by the distribution of premiums for agricultural objects; the invention of labor-saving machines; the introduction of improved foreign stock, and the improvement of our naI submit the above statements to the tive stock; the increase of crops, and the reader, without further comment, being un-introduction of new objects of cultivation, willing to exteal this long communicatio and the general cultivation and manage The intelligent farmer will at least find ment of farms. Agricultural enterprise and them strong and encouraging motives for farther experiments. improvements are in no way so likely to be H. COLMAN. advanced, and agricultural associationsvention, an act of indecorum to go farther Meadowbanks, January, 1836. and fairs will fall very far short of then wishes without the aid and sumulus of Ior the ew-York la. mer. " AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION-ALBANY. Br. H. C. meat of three or four years, the institution should not be likely to succeed, no great loss would in any event be incurred. We convictions; but we should deem it in these utter these as our deliberate and matured circumstances, with reference to the Con in o deta.l. la their unlimited and magnificent resources, the States of New-York, Pensylva nia, and Ohio, have the strongest motives to give the most pa.riot.c, generous, and devoted encouragement, to their agricultural enterprise and improvement. May their urged and just views of public policy, deal respective governments, influenced by nwith this great interest with a lil eral hand. The labors and successes of il eir brethren under an inclement sky, must be humble inin New-England, on their sterile soil, and deed; but however much they may distance them in a competition in which it is rashEngland cheer them onwards in the race of ness and presumption for New-England unbounded prosperity, which pens before even to enter, yet will their brethren of New. them; under the deligh.ful persuasion that what is done for their brethren is done for them; that national honor, improvement, and prosperity, are a common stock, in whose dividends all ultimately must share, and that the signal blessings which seem in ber, must in the end be enjoyed in a greater any case to fall to the lot of any one memor less measure by the whole united confed. eracy. H. C. January, 1836. For the New-York Farmer. liberal premiums; and it is obvious and reasonable, where the money is to be expended in the State, and all the advantages are to be real.zed by the State, that the Stare Agricultural Convention.-We see by the should supply the means. With a view, public papers that it is proposed to hold a however, of securing as far as possible the Convention of Farmers in the State of New proper and judicious management of such York on Monday, 8th February. Though premiums, which we cons.der a sacred and not resident in the S ate, we trust we may responsible rust, such measures as are be allowed to express an earnest hope that adopted in Massachusetts seem highly exit may be fully attended. Our only regret pedient; where the amount, which each is, that it is appointed for the first, instead of Agricultural Society obtains from the State the middle of the week, for which undoubi- Treasur, to be bestowed in premiums, deedly there are good reasons unknown to us; which each Society collects from its own pends upon the amount of contribut on, but this creumstance will prevent many members; as for example, where a Society persons from being present, whose engage. meats do not permit their being absent by its private contributions raises a fund of from home on Sunday, ourselves among the one thousand dollars, the income of which nu aber, who would have been glad to have is annually applied in agricultural premi been present as a spectator on the occasion; ums, there the State bestows two hundred and have been happy to have seen in per dollars to be applied in the same way, and son many of the distinguished farmers of 500 for every thousand dollars contributed. this magnificient State, now known to us The advantages which have arisen in Masonly by reputation and occasional corressachusetts from the bestowment of liberal pondence. We may be allowed on every premiums have been and continue to be very account to feel the strongest interest in the great; and the return from it to the State agriculture of New-York. The agricultu- has been many thousand fold. It is imposril community is a universal fraternity, and sible to say in how many forms it operates, so ought every where to consider itself. but its effects are constantly apparent. What concerns the agriculture of New. York, equally concerns that of the neigh-cupy the attention of the Convention, is the Another object, which will doubtless ocboring States; and the light of her in- establishment of an Agricultural School quiries and improvements pours its benefi- and a Pattern Farm. In the able report cent influences upon them. We can only submitted to the State Society in 1833 by tures advanced in this country since the So rapidly have the arts and manufac desire that it may be reflected from them the Committee of the Society, of which J. year 1811, that our agriculturists have with undiminished brightness. The com- Buel, Esq. was Chairma, the importance not kept pace with them in raising new petition of agricultural rivalry is free from and utility of such establishment were ful-articles to supply their creative demands.— all low and corroding passions. It stimuly illustrated. lates only a manly and generous emulation, criticise the plans particularly submitted in of having such new articles as can be We shall not venture to This may mostly arise from the want whose effects can be no otherwise than this report; but with the highest respect fitably raised by them brought faily to good; and all selish monopolies are neces- for the gentlemen who proposed it, we con- their notice. I shall, therefore, avail my. sarily excluded from it. establishment to be brought out at once; them of such mateirals within their power sicered it at the time as too unwieldy an self.f the columus of your paper, to remind and the expenditure required as much too to raise, as I esteem it their interest to pro. great to expect from the Legislature, if duce. they hold the purse strings of the commonwealth with as close a grasp as their possessing so varied a climate, and every In such an extensive country as ours, brethren of Massachusetts. We have given quality of soil, it is highly important we much attention to this subject; and are per-should raise every article that can be profit. fectly satisfied that with a capital of from able to the cultivator. thirty to fifty thousand dollars, and one hundred pupils over twelve years of age, at one bly adapted to our soil and climate, the conThere are two species of sumach, admira. What is to be expected from the Legisla- of tuition there assumed, every desirable ad-ng more than three thousand tons per anhundred and fifty dollars per year, the price sumption of one of them, now imported, beture in the way of aid or encouragement, is vantage for the most sub-tantial general and num, and the other never used, for the simnot for us to conjecture, far less to prescribe. the most extended agricu'tural education ple reason that it has never been brought The State, we may say, we trust without might be secured; after the first year legal here. The latter is the one I shall now bring giving offence, owes it to itself to foster interest upon the capital stock be annually to the notice of our farmers, and the other and encourage its agriculture, as beyond all paid; and in ten years, or fifteen at farthest, at some fu ure period, when I have time to comparison its most important interest.-the capital stock itself be entirely paid spare from other active employments. I am In former years it has done much; and the off; and ample means then would of course induced to give preference to the latter, be whole agricultural community are largely remain with the institution itself to exin debt to New-York for the publication and tend its advantages to a degree to meet the not be brought here without paying more cause being a light and bulky article, it cangratuitous distribution of three large octa- wishes of the most liberal and enthusiast.c: fre ght per ton than the original ro volumes on the subject of agriculture, and thus, without subtracting from the in the countries now supplying it. The exwhose value, in relation to the subjects up- funds of the State one dollar, which would pense of transit is probably the cause of its on which they treat, is exceeded by no pub-not be ultimately returned, if it were thought non-importation. What are the particular objects of the Convention, we are not apprized. It must do good, if it be a mere interchange of kind congratulations and sympathies. It will lead to inquiries; it will be likely to elicit and diffuse much important information; it will give to the public mind a higher and juster sense of the importance and respectability of the profession of agriculture; and it will apply new stimulants to enterprise and improvement. pro cost would increase the crop, to sow in drills at 46 habits and good morals. There is no stim. uiant so salutary as the habit of depending on one's own exertions. den. The Rhus Cotinus, or Venice Sumach, a peren ial, deciduous shrub, is an important article in dying, it is known, by workmen in England, as young fustic; the stem and trunk of the shrub, and the root, are bought Carrots are fine food for ail arm stock, CINNAMON FIELDS OF CEYLON.-August and employed for dying an orange yellow. and are particularly beneficial to horses, and The leaves and stalk, when bruised, have an are considered to be worth for this purpose 31.-Our morning was, as usual on a first aromatic but acid scent. It bears no ber (as much per bushel as oats. At three sind.arr.val, taken up by visits; in the afternoon ries, and the cultivation will have to be ex.ings per bushel, a thousand busars would we drove m Sir E. Barne's sociable, through tend d by suckers. It is now used solely be worth $575 00. They are worth at least the far famed cinamon gardens, which as an ornnent d shrab, and there is none halt this for any kind of farm stock, when covered upwards of 17,000 acres of land on more beautiful when in Hlossom, the flower would make them stil a very valuable crop.the coast, the largest of which are near Co. being a bright pearly drab, large and flossy, THE SAP OF PLANTS.It is a received lombo. The plant thrives best in a poor, beautifully contrasting with the deep green opinion among the unlearned, and even sandy soil in a damp atmospher; it grows leaf. It bears a small black seed, which I some of the learned, that all the sap of trees Wild in the woods to the size of a large ap am informed will not re-produce. It thrives descends to the roots in autumn, and re.ple tree, but when cultivated, is never allow. well in all parts of this country where I have mains there till the genial influence of spring ed to grow more than ten or twelve feet in seen it plinte, and have observed it in causes it again to ascend. This is dis height, each plant standing separate. The Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connectient,proved by numberless facts which come leat is something like that of the laurel in New-York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Del-under our own observation. Not only do shape, but of a lighter color; when it first aware, and Kentucky; therefore there can || plants," says Chaptal, prepare all the shoots out, it is red, and changes gradually be no doubt of its Suceding, if common juices which are essentail to vegetation, and to green. It is now out of blossom, but I care s taken in cultivating it. The trunk to the format.on of frus; but after having jam told that the flower is wh te, and apand limbs may be eat for use when they areulfihed those functions, they continue to pears, when in full bloom, to cover the garone and a quarter inch diameter, or any extract, from the earth and air, the princi. After hearing so much of the spicy larger size, if sound. They should be cut ples of ter nourishment; these they elabogales from this island, I was much disapearly in the spring, when the bark will easi rate and deposit between the bark and wood,||pointed at not being able to d seover any ly strip off. When the bark is off and the to serce for their first aliment on the return scent, at least from the plants, in passing wood dried, they are ready for market of spring, till the development of the leaves, through the gardens. There is a very fraWhen cut the inside will show r'ns of a and the excitement of the roots by heat, can grant smelling flower growing under them, gol len color, an 1 darker, from the heart to provide for their nourishment by the absorp. wh eh at first led us into the belief that we the sap: the sap being thick and white. tion of foreign substances." The volume smelt the cinnamon, but we were so on unand fluidity of this elaborated sap are di.deceived. On pulling off a leaf or tw g you minished, in winter, by the absence of heat perceive the sp.cy odor very strong, but I and by evaporation. was surprised to hear that the flower had We gave in our last a communication little or none. As cinnamon forms the only from Mr. Burrows, detailing the uncommon considerable export of Ceylon, it is of course fertility produced by the wool tags and other preserved with great care; by the old Dutch refuse of a woollen factory. We have an-law, the penalty for cutting a branch was no o her remarkable fact to narrate, in corrobo.less than the loss of a hand; at present a ration of Mr. B.'s statements. Mr. Hubbard, fine expiates the whole offence. The neigh. of Middletown, Conn., informs us, that he borhood of Colombo is particularly favorato their notice as a valuable dying drug-cut fifteen tons of hay from three acres of ble to its growth, being well sheltered, with Those who are disposed to cultivate them and, at one cropping, which had been a high equable temperature; and as showshould inquire, of the nurserymen from brought to this state of fertility, from a lowers fell frequently, though a whole day's whom they purchase, every particular rela. condition, by the sweepings of his woollen heavy rain is uncommon, the ground is tive to planting and extending the cultiva actory. Bets having been made by his never parched.-[B shop Heber.] e.ghbors on the amount of the cop, the whole was accurately weighed Mr. II's profit at this time may be estimated at $100 per acre-a handsome return for Yankee the most valuable that can be employed. ndustry. Chaptal pronounces this manure I would recommend these who are dis posed to cultivate this shrub, to plant at first only three or four of them, and extend the cultivation from their suckers. It would be best to plant them round their fields, or near their wood and, where they would not interfere with any of their I have seen some of these shrubs in crops. the nursery of Messrs. Downings, near Newburgh, Orange co., and have brought it tion. grain I be. I have no doubt the consumption would be very large, so large as to keep pace with the supply for many years to come. lieve, from the numerous inquiries made for it, that I could now sell one hundred tons annually, and would be willing to give a lib eral price for the first two or three tons brought to market. WM. PARTRIDGE, 34 Cliff Street, New-York. crease in number of profitable articles of cultivation, with the arts and manufactures. -[ED. N. Y. F.] APPLE POMACE.-On a late visit to the own of Marlborough, in Ulster county, we found that the Mess. Hal ocks, very inteligent and extensive farmers, and withal The U. S. Government has millions of acres in Florida, which, there is little cause to doubt, would produce as good cinnamon as Ceylon, but which are of no use to any human creature. Would it not be gool policy to give a still tract to any suitable person, who would undertake to try the experiment?-[ED. N. Y. F] TO REMOVE SPOTS OF GREASE OR PITCH We hope the preceding communicationreat cider manufacturers, were husbanding FROM WOOLEN CLOTH.-In a pint of spring will attract the attention of some of our rea- her apple pomace with great care, and water dissolve an ounce of pure pearlash, ders who can make an experiment. It is eeding it to their milch cows They be adding to the solution a lemon cut in small well worth an effort; as it is true, as the gin with small feeds of it, and find that it slices. This being properly mixed, and lds greatly to the quantum of milk. The kept in a warm state for two days, the whole writer observes, that the agriculturists of Mess. Hallocks manufacture their refuse must be strained and kept in a bottle for this country have not kept pace in the in-ppins into cider separately, and if the li-use. A little of this qu'd poured on the uor does not retain the peculiar flavor of stained part, is said instantaneously to rehe fruit, it gives a rich and racy fiquor,move all spots of grease, p teh or ols, and vhich commands the first price in marker. the moment they disappear, the cloth is to be When we practice making cider from a sin-washed in clear water.-[Glasgow Mec. gle species of fruit, and that spec es afford Magazine.] ng a rich must, we shall treble or quadru le the value of this product of the farm. This towa of Marlborough, by the bye, his undergone, and is undergoing imporiSEALED TROPOSALS will be received at the Railroad at changes in the productiveness of het Ofie or the Post Offic in th Villg of LowER nds. Thirty years ago, when we firs LOCKPORT, until the 18th day of Februa y next, for new it, it was one of the poorest towns in Lying the Sap erst ucture of th LOCKPORT AND IAGARA FALLS RAILROAD. All necessary plans and he country; its agricultural products were specificati ns will be exhibited by the Engine r of the vial, and its wood-drawing population, at the Railical Offics, on the last day of receiv ad much a lo to make their ends and means I would also call attention to the adng propositions. eet. It now verifies the remark we have vertisement of the Buffalo and Niagara Falls Railroad ften made, that where nature has done ompany, for receiving similar Proposals until the 16th of February, 1836. east, industry and skill are the most active. A TORRANCE, Commissioner. and most successful, in maintaining good Lockport, Jan. 13, 1836, YIELD OF CARROTS.-Mr. Wilson, of the Albany Nursery, sowed last spring a piece of gronud 111 feet in length, and 39 broad with carrots, in drills 18 inches apart. Th product was 6,321 pounds, topped and freed from dirt. This is at the rate of about 3 tons, or 1,030 bushels, of 60 pounds eac bustel, per acre. The ground was firs trench ploughed, then well dunged, an ploughed again; unleached ashes were the spread upon the ground at the rate of fif bushels the acre, the ground well harrowe and the seed sown. The plants were thin ned to six inches. Mr. Wilson thinks TO RAILROAD CONTRACTORS. RK AMERICAN RAILROAD JOURNAL, AND ADVOCATE OF INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. PUBLISHED WEEKLY, AT NO. 13 NASSAU STREET, NEW-YORK, AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. D. K. MINOR, EDITOR.] SATURDAY, JANUARY 30, 1836. [VOLUME V-No. 4. CONTENTS: Editorial Noticer. &c...... Baltimere and Ohio Railroad; On the Transport Communication from Clinton; Incorporation of the Applications of Ch mistry to the Useful ris.... AMERICAN RAILROAD JOURNAL. 49 50 51 52 54 55 53 64 Extract of a letter from a gentleman pro-pulleys, as was proposed in a recent invenposing a new route for the termination of ceed this invention of Mr. Avery's, in simtion noticed in this paper. Nothing can exthe Erie Canal, which we lay before those plicity of construction, which is so neceswho are engaged upon the subject. sary in every work of this kind. If such "I have seen something said of the Erie bridges can in any way be made available Canal, and its improvement between Sche-on our canals, we think this plan of construction the most feasible. To overcome nectady and Albany, viz: to leave the Mo- the friction indispensable in working any hawk at the former place, and cut through such bridge, Mr. Avery has combined the the sand hills to Albany. Would it not be mechanical powers of the inclined plane and the interest of the State to keep the Canal the wheel and axle, and we have the opinion of scientific men that there are no diffion the north side of the Mohawk River, culties in applying to practical uses this infrom the Lower Aqueduct-which is about genious invention, which may not be easily three miles above Coboes Falls-and drop obviated. We hope all mechanics, and from thence into the Champlain Canal near those capable of judging wisely of such inIn reply to several inquiries in rela-the city of Waterford? The Champlain convenient use of our public Canals, will call ventions, and all in the improvement and tion to complete sets of the Journal, we Canal can easily be enlarged; the " spruyts" and see the model in Child's Buildings, opwould state, that, by reprinting one num- of the Mohawk can be dammed, and a posite the Rochester House. ber of volume 4, we shall be able to complete slack water navigation made to the city of about thirty full sets-a part of which are Troy, for a moderate expenditure in comsold. Gentlemen who desire a set will do parison to that it would require to crossliams, of this city, has taken out a patent well to apply soon. Price of the four vo- from Schenectady to Albany. lumes, in boards, $15,-including the current year, $20. NEW-YORK, JANUARY 30, 1836. In our last, we gave, from the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Report, a document marked S, from the Report of C. W. Wever, Esq., to which we intended to have called attention. It relates to a subject in which Railroad Companies are deeply interested. We have received from our friends at Albany, the various reports from the Commissioners in relation to that important work, from which we shall make such extracts as may be of interest to our readers. In this number will be found tabular state. ments, showing the amount and cost of the graduation and masonry on the sixth division of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Should any of our subscribers have a surplus copy of No. 6, vol. 4, 1835, of this Journal, they will confer a favor by sending it to this office; six copies only of that number having been saved from the flames. "Very respectfully, yours." M. FA VALUABLE INVENTION.-Dr. McWil for a stove for heating carriages of all kinds, which is one of the most valuable inventions which have ever been made. It is remarkable in its structure, and may be sold for To CORRESPONDENTS.-In reply to our six or eight dollars; and it consumes the worthy correspondent E. W., we would say most inconsiderable quantity of coal. The that it has been, and still is, our intention advantages of such a stove are almost too obvious to be mentioned. Taking up very to adopt the course he suggests; to the little room, they may be fitted to the bottom correctness of which a few numbers of the of gigs or chaises, and of every variety of Journal will bear witness-but that, with carriage, and are particularly well adapted many other good intentions, were knocked to Railroad cars. The expense of fuel is so far into the month of February, by the not above three cents for a hundred miles travelling, at an ordinary rate. It is only late calamity, that we have not yet got a necessary to make this invention known, to fair view of it. We hope, however, to secure its introduction very generally. For give hereafter not only a column of CANAL a trifling expense, a stage driver may now but of general RAILROAD intelligence also-be as comfortably situated on his box, as by and will commence with the next number. From the Rochester Democrat. the by-room fire; and the pleasures of sleigh-riding may be enhanced a hundred fold. This stove is now used in the cars of the Baltimore and Washington Railroad, RETRACTILE CANAL BRIDGE.-We were and gives entire satisfaction. The passen shown, this morning, at the office of J. Bas-gers are kept warm during the whole joursett, Architect, the model of a self-retract-ney, and are never annoyed by smoke-the ing bridge, invented by Mr. EDWIN AVERY, stove being air-tight. We intend, next of this city. It is an ingenious application week, to publish a drawing and specificaof the principle of the inclined plane in tion of this stove, for the advantage of all throwing the bridge back to its place, in-who may be disposed to benefit by it.Stead of bringing it back by weights and [Washington Mirror.] |