wide is it?-Between New Britain and Greenland? Bs.- How wide is it? Name the four largest lakes in New Britain. G.-Br., G.-Se., Aa., Wg.-What large river flows into the Polar Sea? Ms. - Its length? What two rivers flow into Lake Athabasca? Pe., Aa. What river flows into Lake Winnipeg? Sn.- What river connects Lake Winnipeg with Hudson's Bay? Nn. - Which are the principal forts? Re., Rn., Cl., Yk., Sn., Ay., Me.-The principal Indian tribes ? Cr., D.-Rb., Cs., Kx., B.-Ft., As. What mountains are in the west part of New Britain? Ry. Their length? Which are the two highest? Bn., Hr.—The height of each?

68

CANADA WEST.*

1. CANADA WEST extends from the Ottowa River to the western extremity of Lake Superior. The climate is generally healthy and salubrious. The summer heats are more moderate and the winters shorter and less rigorous than in the Eastern Province.

2. The soil in the settled parts of the country yields abundant crops of grain, wheat, Indian corn, flax, &c. Large quantities of maple sugar are also made.

3. The most important canals in British America are in Canada West: these are the Rideau and the Welland canals. The first extends from the Ottawa River to Kingston; the Welland Canal unites Lake Erie with Lake Ontario. Both these works allow vessels of considerable burden to pass through.

4. On the Niagara River, which flows from Lake Erie into Lake Ontario, are the Falls of Niagara, 165 feet high. This is one of the most magnificent of Nature's works. The noise of the cataract is heard, and the cloud of vapour which rises from it is seen, at the distance of many miles.

5. Toronto, the largest town of Canada West, is pleasantly situated on a bay of the same name, on the north shore of Lake Ontario; it is regularly laid out, and has a number of handsome buildings.

6. Kingston, at the lower end of Lake Ontario, has a good harbour; it is at the southern extremity of the Rideau Canal. Bytown is on the Ottawa River, at the northern extremity of the Rideau Canal.

Canada West. Q.-1. What is the extent of Canada West? What is said of the climate? 2. The soil? What does it yield? 3. What is said of canals? 4. Of Niagara Falls? 5. Of Toronto? 6. Of

* Upper and Lower Canada long formed separate provinces, but were united in the year 1841, by Act of the British Parliament. At the same time the name of the upper province was changed to Canada West, and of the lower to Canada East.

7. Hamilton, at the western end of Lake Ontario, is one of the most flourishing towns in Canada. London, on the Thames* River, Goderich, on the east shore of Lake Huron, and Niagara, at the mouth of the Niagara River, are flourishing towns.

Map No. 5.-What lakes separate Canada West from the United States? Oo., Ee., Hn., Sr.-What river, in part, from New York? S.-Le. What River from Canada East? Oa.-What is the eastern part of Lake Huron called? Me.-What Isles in the north part? Me. -What Island in the western part of Lake Superior? Re.-What is the length of Lake Superior? Huron? Erie? Ontario?-On Map No. 11, tell what battles were fought in 1814, near the falls of Niagara? F.-Ee., Ca.

69

CANADA EAST,

1. CANADA EAST extends on both sides of the St. Lawrence River, from its mouth to the river Ottawa. The lower part of the province is rugged, cold, and sterile; but the upper portion is fertile, well watered, and more moderate in temperature. All sections have, however, the climate of Sweden, though in the latitude of France.

2. More than three-fourths of the inhabitants are of French

Kingston? Bytown? 7. What is said of Hamilton? Of London ? Of Goderich? Of Niagara?

Canada East. Q.-1. How far does Canada East extend? 2. What

origin; they speak the French language, and are principally Catholics. The remainder are mostly natives of Great Britain, or their descendants.

5. The city of Quebec is the capital of British America; it is very strongly fortified, and is situated one half on a plain along the River St. Lawrence, and the other half on a steep, perpendicular rock, 350 feet high. These are called respectively the upper and lower towns.

6. Montreal is on Montreal Island, in the St. Lawrence River, 180 miles above Quebec. It is the largest town in British America, and the emporium of the trade with the United States. It is connected with Boston by a railroad. The town of Three Rivers is on the north bank of the St. Lawrence River. William Henry, Chambly,t and St. John, are small towns on Sorellet River.

is said of the inhabitants? 3. What is said of the French Canadian? 4. Produce? Exports? 5. What is Quebec? 6. Describe the position of Montreal. What is it? With what city is it connected?

Name the other towns.

* Montreal, Mont-re-aul'. † Chambly, Sham/-ble. Sorelle, Sor-el'.

Map No. 5.What country lies west of Canada East? C.-WtWhat States lie south? N.-Yk., Vt., N.-H., Me.-What State lies east? Me. The principal river? S.-Le. Its length? (This includes the lakes.) What Lake does the Saguenay flow from? S.-Jn. The length of the Saguenay? The Ottawa? What River unites Lakes Champlain and St. Peter? Se.-What four Lakes are in Canada East? S.-Jn., St.-Pr., Tg., Ja.-What three Rivers flow into the St. Lawrence?

70

NEW BRUNSWICK.

1. NEW BRUNSWICK is situated to the east of the State of Maine, and to the north-west of Nova Scotia. Until the year 1784, it was included within the limits of the latter, which, at that period, was divided into two separate provinces.

2. This colony is but partially cleared, and contains extensive forests. The soil is generally of good quality, espe cially along the banks of the River St. John and other

streams.

3. The fisheries are a source of considerable wealth, and employ many of the inhabitants; the produce being, with lumber, the chief articles of export. Ship-building is carried on to a considerable extent.

4. The Bay of Fundy, which separates this province from Nova Scotia, is remarkable for the great and rapid rise of its tides, which often attain the height of 70 feet.

5. Frederickton, the seat of government, is situated some distance up the river St. John. It is built chiefly of wood, and contains the government offices, several churches, and a college.

6. The eity of St. John is the most considerable place in New Brunswick, and has an extensive commerce. St. Andrew's, at the head of Passamaquoddy Bay, and Campobello, on the island of the same name, are the next in trade and population. Chatham and New Castle are small towns on the Mirimichi River.

Map No. 7.-Which is the chief river? S.-Jn.-What island lies near New Brunswick? P.-Es.-Gulf to the eastward? S.-Le.-Two bays north-east? Cs., Mi.-Bay on the south? Fy.-Peninsula southeast? N.-Sa. On what river is the city of St. John? St. Andrew's ? Frederickton, the_capital?-What strait separates Prince Edward's Island from New Brunswick? Nd.

New Brunswick. Q.-1. How is New Brunswick, situated? In what was it included? 2. What is said of the fisheries? Soil? 3. Chief articles of export? Ship-building? 4. The Bay of Fundy? 5. The capital? 6. St. John? St. Andrew's? Campobello, &c ?

71

NOVA SCOTIA.

1. NOVA SCOTIA was first settled by the French, and named by them Acadia. In 1763 it was conquered by Great Britain, and since that time has been called by its present name.

2. It is a peninsula, 280 miles long, and from 50 to 100 broad. On the coast the soil is generally poor, but in the interior and northern parts it is well adapted to cultivation.

3. Wheat and other grains, with potatoes of the finest quality, are produced. Coal, and gypsum, or plaster of paris, are found in vast quantities, and with fish, grindstones, &c., are largely exported, copper, iron, and various other minerals, also abound.

4. Halifax, the capital, is situated on one of the finest harbours in the world, and contains the most extensive dock-yard in British America. Lunenburg, Liverpool, Yarmouth, and Pictou, are all places of some trade; from the latter coal is shipped to the United States.

5. CAPE BRETON ISLAND. -Cape Breton is a large island, separated from Nova Scotia by the Gut or Strait of Canso; it is about 110 miles in length, and from 30 to 80 in breadth, and is divided into two nearly equal portions by an arm of the sea called the Bras d'Or.

6. Agriculture is in a backward state, the Cod Fishery attracting the chief industry of the people. This island was, in 1820, politically attached to Nova Scotia, and sends two members to the House of Assembly.

7. Louisburg, which the French carefully fortified, was once a place of great importance, but it is now entirely deserted. The village of Sidney is the capital. In its vicinity are several valuable coal mines. Arechat, on Isle Madame, is the largest town.

Map No. 7.-What Islands lie east and south-east of Nova Scotia? C.-Bn., Se.-What Island north? P.-Es.-What separates Nova Scotia and Cape Breton? G.-Co.-What Ocean on the south-east? Ac. What Bay on the north-west? Fy. - What is the population of Halifax? Lunenburg? Liverpool? Arechat? Yarmouth?

Nova Scotia. Q.-1. By whom was Nova Scotia first settled, &c.? When was it conquered by Great Britain? 2. What is it? What is said of the soil? 3. Productions? Coal, &c.? Minerals? The capital and other towns? 5. What is Cape Breton? How is it divided? 6. What is said of its agriculture, &c. ? What occurred in 1820, &c.? 7. What is said of Louisburg, Sidney, &c. ?