Pyramid, Utah, Humboldt, and Nicollet Lakes, are included in Utah. All these lakes are without outlets.

5. The civilized inhabitants of this Territory belong chiefly to the Mormon sect, who have emigrated hither within the last few years; they are settled in a well-watered, fertile district, on the eastern side of the Great Salt Lake. Here they cultivate the ground with industry and skill, and enjoy all the necessaries of life.

6. The Indians are chiefly Utahs, once a numerous and powerful tribe, but now much reduced. The few inhabitants of the Great Rasin are called Diggers, because they live, for the most part, on roots which they dig from the ground. They are savages of the lowest grade, and, from the sterility of the country, barely sustain life.

7. The Salt Lake City, the chief settlement, lies on the Utah or Jordan River, a fresh-water stream which flows from Utah Lake into the Great Salt Lake. Fillmore City, on the Nu-Quin River, is the capital. Brownsville, on Weber River; Ogden City, on Ogden River; and Provo City, on Provo River, are small towns.

Map No. 5.-What Territory bounds Utah on the north? On.South? N.-Mo.- East? N.-Mo., In. - State west? Ca.What parallel of latitude forms the northern boundary? Southern? Point out the Rocky Mountains. Humboldt River Mountains. Wahsatch Mountains. Grand R. Green R. Humboldt R. Nicollet R. Jordan

R. Great Salt L. Utah L. Nicollet L.-What lakes lie near the western boundary? Pd., Ht., Md., Cn., Wr.- Point out the Great Basin. It is proposed to call this part of Utah Territory "Frémont Basin," in honour of Colonel Frémont, who first explored and made it known to the world.

129

TERRITORY OF NEW MEXICO.

1. NEW MEXICO is situated entirely in the interior, on both sides of the Rio Grande, between California and the Indian Territory. In many parts of the country the soil is barren and water is scarce.

2. The chief rivers are the Rio Grande, the Colorado, and the Gila; the latter separates the territory in part from Mexico. The principal mountain range is the Sierra Madre, a continuation of the Rocky Mountains.

5. What is said of the inhabitants? Of the district in which they are settled? 6. The Indians? The inhabitants of the Great Basin, &c.? 7. What is said of the Salt Lake City? Fillmore City, &c.? New Mexico. Q.-1. Describe the position of New Mexico. is said of the country? 2. The chief rivers? The Gila? The principal

What

3. The civilized inhabitants occupy the narrow valley of the Upper Rio Grande, an elevated temperate region, more than 600 miles from the sea. Eastward of this valley, prairies 600 or 700 miles wide separate it from the settled districts of the Union. Westward are the almost unknown territories of the Navahoes, the Apaches, the Moquis, the Pimos, and other Indian tribes.

4. Corn and wheat are the chief products of the Rio Grande country; frijoles, a species of bean, and chili, or red pepper, are likewise grown. Mules, sheep, and goats, are the principal domestic animals; the horse is of the prairie or mustang breed. Gold and silver abound. Salt is pro

cured from the salt-ponds or salinas, of which there are several in the country.

5. Nearly all the inhabitants are of the Mestizoe race, the offspring of whites and Indians, and speak the Spanish language. The white inhabitants are few in number.

6. Santa Fé, the capital, is situated on a small tributary of the Rio Grande, 12 miles east of that stream. The houses are chiefly built of adobes, or sun-dried bricks. An extensive trade is carried on hence with the State of Missouri. Taos, north, and Albuquerque, (Al'-booker-ka,) Tome, and Socorro, south of Santa Fé, are small towns on the Rio Grande.

Map No. 5.—What Territories bound New Mexico on the north? Uh., In.-Country and State south? Mo., Ts.-States east and west? Ts., Ca.- What parallels form the north boundary? What parallel the south in part? What meridian the east? Point out the Rio Grande. Colorado River. Gila. Pecos. Canadian. Point out the Sierra Madre. This range is a continuation of the Rocky Mts.- Point out the Spanish Peaks. Near what parallel of latitude is Santa Fé ?

130

TERRITORIES OF OREGON AND WASHINGTON.

1. THESE Territories lie northward of California, and between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. Washington

mountain range? 3. What do the civilized inhabitants occupy? What lies eastward? Westward? 4. Chief products? What are likewise grown? What is said of domestic animals? The horse? Gold, &c.? Salt? 5. Describe the inhabitants. 6. Describe the position of Santa Fé. What is said of trade? Name the other towns.

Territories of Oregon and Washington. Q.—1. State the position of

Territory, which was detached from Oregon in the year 1853, is separated from it by the Columbia River and the 46th parallel of latitude.

2. The land between the Cascade range of mountains and the sea is fertile in various products, and is famous for its wheat; in the centre it is less fertile, but is well suited for grazing; near the Rocky Mountains, the surface is rugged and barren.

3. Gigantic pine-trees, 250 feet high, are met with on the lower pat of the Columbia River. Great quantities of lumber are cut here, and much of it is exported to California.

4. The Columbia, as well as the other rivers of this part of the Union, are noted for the abundance of their salmon: these fish form a large share of the food of the Indians, and are also used by the white inhabitants.

5. The Indian population is still considerable, and is probably more numerous than the white. The principal tribes are the Flatheads, Nezperces, Wallawallas, and Shoshones.

6. Salem, the capital of Oregon, is on the right bank of the Willamette River, 75 miles from its mouth. Astoria, on the Columbia, is the principal port of entry. Portland is at the head of ship-naviga

these Territories? What is said of Washington Territory? Of the iand between the Cascade range of mountains and the sea? The land in the centre? Near the Rocky Mts.? 3. What is said of pine-trees? Of lumber? 4. For what is the Columbia and the other rivers noted? What do their fish form, &c.? What is said of the Indian popula. tion? Name the principal tribes? What is said of Salem? Astoria?

tion on the Willamette. Oregon City, on the same stream, is a flourishing town.

7. Fort Vancouver, on the north bank of the Columbia River, 90 miles from the sea, is the principal town in Washington Territory: it was formerly the chief post of the Hudson's Bay Company in this quarter. Pacific City, at the mouth of the Columbia, and Olympia, Steilacoom City, and New York, on Puget's Sound, are towns recently founded.

Map No. 5.- What country bounds Washington Territory on the north? B.-Aa. - Territory south? On. East? M.-Ty.-West? P.-On. What Mts. east of Oregon and Washington Territories? Ry.Highest peak of the Rocky Mts.? Fs.-Chief summits of the Cascade Range? Br., Rr., S.-Hs., Hd., Jn. the Columbia are said to be volcanoes. occasionally.. - Point out the South Pass. Mountains 15 or 20 miles wide, through

Some of the peaks north of Mount St. Helens emits smoke This is a gap in the Rocky which emigrants travel to

the regions on the Pacific.-Chief river? Ca.-Chief branches? Ls., Cs.-Capes? Fy., Fr., Od.-Lakes? Km., Kt.

1. MISSOURI TERRITORY comprises the extensive region which lies between the Platte River and British America, and east of the Rocky Mountains.

Portland? Oregon City ?What is the principal town in Washington Territory? What was it formerly? What is said of Pacific City, Olympia, &c.?

Missouri Territory. Q.-1. What does Missouri Territory comprise?

2. It is a part of the Louisiana purchase of 1803, and the ronnant of the vast territory named by Congress, in 1812, Missouri Territory, and not since changed in name.

3. It was proposed in Congress, in 1845, and again in 1853, to organize a new Territory, to be called Nebraska, but in both instances without success. The proposed Territory was to include such portions of the Missouri and the Indian Territories as border on the Platte River.

4. Missouri Territory consists principally of extensive prairies, over which roam numerous buffalo, elk, deer, and wild horses.

5. Among the snowy summits of the Rocky Mountains, which bound this region on the west, is found the grizzly bear, the largest and fiercest animal of his kind, and peculiar to North America.

6. The white inhabitants consist of a few traders, trappers, and hunters, principally in the employ of the American Fur Company. The most important of the native tribes are the Sioux, Pawnees, Crows, and Blackfeet.

Map No. 5. What bounds this territory on the north? B.-Aa. · South? I.-Ty.-East? M.-Ty.-West? O.-Ty.- What mountains separate it from Washington Territory? Ry.-What river from Minnesota? Mi. From the Indian Territory? Pe.-How long is the Missouri? Platte? Yellow Stone ?-What hills west of the Missouri? Bk. Where is Frémont's Peak? Its height?

132

INDIAN TERRITORY.

1. THE Indian Territory lies westward of the States of Iowa, Missouri, and Arkansas, and principally south of the Platte River. In this Territory will be found most of the native tribes which have from time to time emigrated from east of the Mississippi.

2. Here the Indians are to be secured in governments of their own choice, subject only to such control of the United States as may be necessary to preserve peace between the several tribes.

2. Of what is it a part? 3. What was proposed in Congress; in 1845? What was the result? What was the proposed Territory to include? 4. Of what does this Territory consist? 5. What is found among the summits of the Rocky Mountains? What is the grizzly bear? 6. Of what do the white inhabitants consist? Which are the most important of the native tribes?

Indian Territory. Q.-1. State the position of the Indian Terri