3. The country on the coast is level; in the interior, the surface is greatly diversified by hills and valleys, and moun tains of considerable height.

Among these are the White Mountains, the most elevated in New England. They are distinguished by the names of Washington, Adams, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, Franklin, and Pleasant.

4. The elevated parts of the White Mountains are covered with snow for a great portion of the year. These mountains are visible from a great distance at sea. The wild and sublime character of the scenery causes them to be often visited. Winnipiseogee,* the largest lake in the State, is greatly admired for its beautiful scenery.

5. Concord, the capital of the State, is on the right bank of the Mer. rimac River: it is a pleasant and flourishing town, and contains the State-House, State Prison, and other buildings. Portsmouth, the only sea-port in the State, is on the Piscataquat River, three miles from the

sea.

It has a fine harbour. Portsmouth Navy Yard is in Kittery, a small town in Maine, on the opposite side of the river.

6. Manchester, on the Merrimac River, the most important city in the

coast? Commerce? Agriculture and Manufactures? 3. What is said of the country? The White Mountains? How are they distinguished? 4. What causes them to be often visited? What is said of Lake Winnipiseogee? 5 Describe Concord. Portsmouth. Where is Portsmouth Navy Yard? 6. What is said of Manchester and other towns?

* Winnipiseogee, Win-ne-pe-saw'-ke, † Piscataqua, Pis-kat'-a-qua.

State is a noted manufacturing place. Dover, Nashua, Somersworth, Exeter, and New Market, are also important manufacturing towns. Hanover is the seat of Dartmouth College. Keene, Amherst, Meredith, Haverhill, and Conway, are flourishing places.

Map No. 8.-What River separates New Hampshire from Vermont ? Ct. How long is it? What river runs through the centre of the State? Mc.*. 1 How long is it? - What lake flows into it? We.How long is it? What mountains are in Coos County? We.. Which is the principal? Wn.- How high is it? - On what river is Concord? Mc.-What lake in the northern part of the State? Ct.What lake partly in this State and partly in Maine? Ug.-Into what river does it flow? An.

84 VERMONT.

1. VERMONT is a mountainous, but healthful and productive State. The Green Mountains, from which it derives its name, extend through it from north to south, dividing it into two nearly equal sections.

2. The soil is fertile, and all kinds of grain, suited to the climate, are produced in abundance. Cattle of various kinds

Vermont. Q. 1. What is Vermont? What is said of the Green

*This river is formed by the Pemigewasset and Winnipiseogee. The latter is the outlet of the lake of that name.

P

are raised with great facility; the value of live stock is greater, and there is more butter and wool produced here than in any other State in New England.

3. This State is entirely in the interior; yet, by the medium of Lake Champlain, the canal of the same name, and the various railroads recently constructed, it is connected with the great commercial marts of the continent.

4. Part of the trade goes by the canal to Albany, part down Lake Champlain to Montreal, and part by railroad to Boston and Montreal. Immense rafts of timber are often seen sailing up the lake towards the canal, on their way to Albany, and the towns on the Hudson.

5. The territory included in Vermont was first explored by the French from Canada, but was settled by the English more than a century and a quarter ago. During the revolutionary war, the inhabitants acted a conspicuous part, and the name of Green Mountain Boys, acquired by their bravery, has ever been regarded as a title of renown.

6. Montpelier, the capital, is a neat little town, on Onion River. Burlington, on Lake Champlain, is the largest place in the State, and the most commercial town on the Lake. It contains the University of Vermont.

7. Bennington, in the southwest corner of the State, is celebrated for the victory obtained by General Stark over a detachment of Hessians belonging to Burgoyne's army.

8. Middlebury and Rutland, on Otter Creek, and Brattleboro', Norwich, and Windsor, on the Connecticut River, are small but flourishing towns; the latter contains the Norwich University. Middlebury is the seat of Middlebury College.

Map No. 8.-What river bounds Vermont on the east? Ct.-What State does it separate from Vermont? N.-H.-What lake bounds Vermont on the west? Cn.- What State does it separate from Vermont? N.-Y.-What country lies north of Vermont? Ca. - What State lies south? Ms.-What four streams flow into Lake Champlain? Me., L.-Me., On., Or.- What two islands are in Lake Champlain ? N.-HO., S.-Ho.—These, with a small peninsula lying north of them, form the county of Grand Isle.-What lake is partly in this State and partly in Canada? Mg.-What mountains extend through the State? Gn. Which is the highest peak? Md. - How high is it? - What other peaks? C.-Rp., Kn. When was the battle of Bennington fought? What rivers flow into the Connecticut?

Mountains? 2. Of the soil? Cattle, &c.? 3. What is said of the State? 4. Of the trade? Of the rafts on Lake Champlain? 5. The first explorers? The revolutionary war? 6. Describe Montpelier. 7. Bennington. 8. And other towns.

1. MASSACHUSETTS is the oldest and most important of the Eastern States. It is the most thickly settled section of New England, and is distinguished for the enterprise and public spirit of her citizens.

2. The eastern part of the State is generally level. Approaching the Connecticut River the surface is varied and hilly, while west of it, are found mountains, some of which are 2600 and 3500 feet in height. Many of the inhabitants are engaged in agriculture, and in no part of the country has that important branch of industry received more improve

ment.

3. Manufactures, commerce, and the fisheries are the chief objects of pursuit. In amount of commerce, Massachusetts ranks as the second State in the Union; in amount of manufactures of leather, cotton, wool, and paper, as first. Three-fifths of all the fishing tonnage of the country belongs to this State.

4. Massachusetts has more miles of railroad, in proportion to the area of the State, than any other State in the Union. There is scarcely

Massachusetts. Q.-1. What is said of Massachusetts ? 2. Of its surface? Agriculture? 3. What are the chief objects of pursuit ? How does it rank as a manfacturing and commercial State? 4. What

a town of any importance but has railroad communication with the capital. No less than seven different roads centre in the city of Boston. 5. The literary, religious, and charitable institutions are numerous, and in a flourishing condition. Harvard University, at Cambridge, is the oldest and best endowed literary establishment in the Union. Wil. liams College, at Williamstown, and Amherst College, at Amherst, are also flourishing institutions.

6. The war of the American Revolution commenced in this State. In 1774, the port of Boston was closed by order of the British Government, and a British garrison occupied the town. April 19th, 1775, the first battle was fought at Lexington. June 17th the battle of Bunker Hill was fought, and Charlestown burned.

7. Boston, the capital of the State, is situated on a peninsula at the head of Massachusetts Bay. This city is the literary and commercial metropolis of New England. It possesses a large amount of shipping, and its trade extends to all quarters of the globe. The numerous railroads which diverge from the city, connecting it with the various sections of the Union, furnish great facilities for an extensive inland trade. Among its public buildings may be noted Faneuil Hall, known as "the cradle of liberty," the Capitol, Custom-house, Court-house, and Exchange.

Bunker Hill Monument.

8. Charlestown and Cambridge are connected with Boston by bridges. The former is situated on a peninsula, the centre of which is occupied by Bunker Hill, celebrated for the battle fought on it during the revolutionary war. The Bunker Hill Monument, bnilt to commemorate this battle, is of granite, 221 feet in height. Cambridge contains Harvard University. Roxbury is a flourishing and important city, noted for its many beautiful private residences.

9. The above-named cities, with many other flourishing towns immediately adjoining Boston, comprising a population of more than 250,000, are so closely connected that for all geographical purposes, they may be considered one city.

is said of the railroads? 5. What is said of the literary and other institutions? Of Harvard College? 6. The War of the Revolution? When was the Battle of Lexington fought? The Battle of Bunker Hill? 7. What is said of Boston? Its shipping? Railroads? Public buildings? 8. What is said of Charlestown? What of Bunker Hill Monument? What docs Cambridge contain? For what is Roxbury noted? 9. What may all these cities be considered? Why?