76 25. The United States were formerly colonies of Great Britain. In the year 1775 they amounted to thirteen in number, with a population of nearly three millions. At that time they took up arms for the purpose of separating themselves from the mother country. 26. They were forced to this by the injustice of the British Parliament, which taxed the colonists without their consent, and passed various oppressive laws, to which they would not submit. 27. The first battle of the revolutionary war, in which the royal troops suffered severely, took place at Lexington, Massachusetts, April 19th, 1775. On the 4th of July, 1776, the colonists declared themselves independent, under the title of the United States of America. 28. The efforts of Great Britain to subdue the country were great, and the struggle which ensued was long and bloody; but animated by a love of liberty, and led by Washington and other gallant and patriotic leaders, the Americans, after a war of eight years, forced the British government to acknowledge their independence. it compare with the population of some European states? 25. What were the United States formerly? When did they take up arms? 26. Why were they forced to this? 27. Where and when did the first battle take place? What occurred on the 4th of July, 1776? 28. What is said of Great Britain? Of General Washington? The 29. At the close of the war, the American army, though suffering great privations, disbanded peaceably; and the Commander-in-chief, General Washington, resigned the almost absolute power he possessed to Congress, the authority that conferred it; thus presenting to the world the rare example of a great military chief descending voluntarily to the rank of a private citizen. 30. The Constitution of the United States was formed in 1787, ratified by Congress in the following year, and has since been amended. Its grand principles are liberty of conscience, liberty of the press, trial by jury, and the right of choosing and of being chosen to office. 31. The Presidents of the United States since the adoption of the Constitution are as follows: 1. George Washington, of Virginia, from 1789 to 1797-8 years. 4. James Madison, 2. John Adams, Mass. 1797 to 1801-4 3. Thomas Jefferson, 6. John Quincy Adams, Mass. 1825 to 1829-4 5. James Monroe, 7. Andrew Jackson, 9. Wm. Henry Harrison, 10. John Tyler, 13. Millard Fillmore, 14. Franklin Pierce, Americans? New York, Ohio, Virginia, Tennessee, Louisiana, New York, 1841-one month. 1841 to 1845-3 yrs. 11 mo. 1845 to 1849-4 1849 to 1850-1 yr. 4 mo. 1850 to 1853-2 yrs. 8 mo. N. Hampshire, 1853 29. The American army? The commander-in-chief? 30. The Constitution? What are its grand principles? 31. How many Presidents have there been? Who were from Virginia? Massachusetts? Tennessee? New York? Ohio? Louisiana? 77 Map No. 5.-How is the United States bounded on the North? the South? the East? the West? What city is the Capital of the United States? Wn. The capitals of countries, the scholar will perceive, by the explanation on the map, are made by a large dot, with eight small ones around it, and the capitals of States, on Maps Nos. 4 and 5, are made by a small ring or circle, with a dot in the middle of it. Which are the six Eastern States? Point out their Capitals. Me., N.-H., Vt., Ms., R.-I., Ct. Which are the four Middle States? N.-Y., N.-J., Pa., De. Point out their Capitals. Which are the ten Southern States? Md., Va., N.-C., S.-C., Ga., Fa., Aa., Mi., La., Ts. Point out their Capitals. Which are the eleven Western States? As., Te., Ky., Mo., Is., Ia., Oo., Mn., Wn., Ia., Ca. Point out their Capitals. Which are the Territories ?* How many States are there? Ma., Mo., On., Wn., Uh. N.-Mo., In., Besides the States and Territories, there is the District of Columbia, which contains the seat of government; so that the whole of the divisions of the United States are 39 in number. Where is Lake Superior? Huron? Michigan?t Erie ? Ontario? Champlain ?§ L. of the Woods? Tell the length of each Lake. Pontchartrain? Which two Lakes are wholly in the United States? Mn., Cn. Where is Moosehead Lake? Okee-cho-bee? Pepin? Itasca ? The Mississippi flows from this lake. Where is Rainy Lake? Red? Winnebago? Great Salt? Humboldt? Nicollet? Tule? *The Territories are districts which, for want, at first, of a sufficient population, are not admitted into the Union as independent States. The Governor and other officers are appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. Each organized Territory is represented in Congress by a delegate, who may debate, but cannot vote. Nearly one half the States were at first organized as Territories. Pontch-ar-trane'. + Mish'-e-gan. + E'-re. § Sham-plane'. 78 Map No. 5.-Where is Passamaquoddy Bay? Penobscot B.? Casco B.? New York B.? Delaware B.? Chesapeake B.? Chatham B. ? Tampa B.? Vacassar B.? Apalachee* B.? Pensacola B.? Mobilet B.? Black B.? Barataria B.? Galveston B.? Matagorda B. ? Espiritu Santo B.? Nueces B. ? San Francisco B.? Monterey B.? On the Great Lakes, where is Saginaw B.? Thunder B.? Green B.? Where is Long Island Sound? Albemarle S.? Pamlico S.? How many miles long are each of these? also Chesapeake Bay?— See Map No. 11. Where is the Mississippi River? Where does it rise? Mononga Where does it empty? How many miles long is it? What are its chief tributaries? and their lengths? Where is the Missouri River? Yellow Stone R.? Platte‡ or Ne. braska R.? Kanzas R.? Arkansas R.? Canadian R.? Red R.? Des Moines R.? Minnesota R.? Wisconsin R.? Illinois§ R.? Where is the Wabash R.? Ohio R.? Alleghany R.? hela R.? Kanawha R.? Cumberland R.? Where is the Rio Grande? Pecos R.? Brazos R.? Trinity R.? Sabine R.? Tombigby R.? Alabama R.? Chattahoochee R.? St. John's R.? Fa.-Alatamaha R.? Savannah R.? Santee R.? Great Pedee River? C. Fear R.? Neuse R.? Tar R. Roanoke R.? James R.? Potomac R.? Delaware R.? Hudson R.? Mohawk R.? Tennessee R.? White R.? Susquehanna R.? Where is the St. Lawrence R.? Connecticut R.? Merrimac R.? Kennebec R.? Penobscot R.? R. St. John? Me. Where is the Oregon R.? Lewis R.? Colorado R. of California? Gila R.? Sacramento R.? San Joaquin R.? How long is each of these rivers? Where is Cape Cod? C. Malabar? C. Charles? C. Henry? C. Hatteras? C. Fear? C. Lookout? C. Cannaveral? Roman? C. St. Blas? Where is Mt. Desert Island? Nantucket I.? Long I.? Florida Reefs? Tortugas Islands? sandy islands, generally uninhabited. C. Sable? C. Martha's Vineyard? The two last are low Where are the ManitoulineT Isles? Grand I.? I. Royale? The Apostles? The four last are in the Great Lakes. Where are the Santa Barbara Islands? * Apalachee, Ap-a-lah'-che. + Mobile, Mo-beel'. + Platte, Plat. Manitouline, Man-it-oo'-lin. § Illinois, Il-lin-oy'. | Neuse, Nuce. 0 79 Map No. 5.-Where is Mt. Rainier ?* Mt. St. Helens? Mt. Hood Mt. Jefferson? How high are the two first? To what range do the foregoing Mountains belong? Ce. Where are the Rocky Mts.? Sierra Madre? Blue Mts. of Oregon ? Where is Frémont's Peak? Long's? Pike's? The Sierra Nevada range? The Coast Mountains? How high are the three first? Where is the South Pass? This remarkable Pass is a gap of about 20 miles wide, in the Rocky Mountains. It forms a most convenient passage for travellers to and from Oregon and California What is the name of that part of Utah Territory which lies eastward of the Sierra Nevada? F.-Bn. This region has been hitherto known as the "Great Basin;" but it is proposed to call it Frémont Basin, after Col. Frémont, who first explored and described it. Where are the Cumberland Mountains? The Alleghany Mountains? Their length and height? The Blue Ridge? The Blue Mts.? The Green Mts.? The White Mts.? Where is Mt. Mitchell? This was formerly called Black Mountain. It was named after Professor Mitchell, of the University of North Carolina, who first ascertained its height. The Cumberland and the other mountains noted above are regarded as portions of the same range or chain. It has been named by geographers the Alleghany or Apalachian System, and forms the Atlantic water-shed, which separates the streams flowing into the Mississippi River and the lakes, from those which flow into the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. Where are the Black Hills? The three Butes? The three Tetons? The Humboldt River Mountains? The Wahsatch Mountains? What two Cities in the United States number 400,000 inhabitants and upwards? N.-Y., Pa. What four Cities number between 100,000 and 170,000? Be., Bn., N.-Os., Ci. What eight Cities number between 40,000 and 100,000? Bn., S.-Ls., Ay., Pg., Le., Pe., Bo., Wn. How long and wide is the Atlantic Ocean? The Gulf of Mexico? The Pacific Ocean ?-See Map No. 4. Map of the Learner's own State. In what State do you live? Is it one of the Eastern, Middle, Southern, or Western States? How is your State bounded? What rivers has it? Does it contain any mountains? If so, what are they called? Is your State on the sea-coast, or in the interior, at a distance from it? Does it contain any Bays, Sounds, Islands, or Capes? What is the Capital of your State? What is the Capital of a State? 269, page 38. what county do you live? Point it out on the map. How is it bounded? How long and wide is it? You can tell this by the scale of miles. What is a County? 266. * Rainier, Ray-neer'. + Olympus, O-lim'-pus. In |