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Map No. 12.-By what is Louisiana bounded on the north? As., Mi. On the east? Mi.. South? G.-Mo.- West? Ts. What rivers separate Louisiana from Mississippi? Mi., Pl. What river from Texas? Se. What lakes in the eastern part of the state? Pn., Be. - What two in the southern part? Cu., Mu. - How long is the Mississippi? Red river? Washita? Sabine? Calcasiu? Bayou Macon? Some rivers are termed Bayous in Louisiana. What is the population of New Orleans? Donaldsonville? Baton Rouge? Alexandria? Natchitoches? In what parishes are these situated? N.-Os. An., E.-B.-Re., Rs., Ns.-When was the battle of New Orleans fought

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View on the Prairies of Texas-Catching wild horses.

TEXAS.

1. THE state of Texas, the 28th in number, was annexed to the United States, by the consent of the Legislatures of both republics, in the year 1845. It was formerly a Mexican State, but the people, in 1836, achieved their independence by defeating Santa Anna, the Mexican President, at the battle of San Jacinto.

2. Texas extends from the Gulf of Mexico north to Red river, and the 36° of north latitude, and west from the Sabine river to the Rio Grande. Though of less extent than formerly, it is more than five times larger than Pennsylvania.

Texas. Q.-1. What is said of the state of Texas? What was it

erly? What occurred in 1836? 2. How far does Texas extend?

3. The climate is mild and healthful. The face of the country consists chiefly of vast prairies, the soil of which is exceedingly fertile, and produces cotton, tobacco, sugar, rice, wheat, &c. Silver is reported to exist, as well as lead, copper, coal, and salt; but the mineral products of this country are not yet explored.

4. Texas is one of the finest countries in the world for raising cattle. Pasturage being very plentiful, they increase rapidly, and great numbers of them are driven every year into the adjacent States, for sale.

5. Vast herds of buffalo, deer, and mustangs or wild horses, roam over the prairies of the interior. Numbers of the latter are taken with a leather thong or rope, with a running noose at the end of it, and being properly broke are used, either as draught or saddle horses.

6. The inhabitants are chiefly Anglo-Americans; natives, for the most part, of the earlier settled Southern States. There are also a number of European immigrants, negroes, and a few Mexicans. The warlike Apache and Comanche Indians hover around and sometimes plunder the inland settlements.

7. Austin, the capital of Texas, is on the Colorado river, about 200 miles from the sea. The other principal towns are Houston, Brazoria, Matagorda, San Felipe, Nacogdoches, San Augustine, and Galveston. The latter is on Galveston Island. It is the chief sea-port of Texas.

8. The commerce of Texas already employs a number of trading vessels between the principal towns and New Orleans; and foreign vessels carry the products of the state to various European ports.

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Map No. 13.-What bounds Texas on the North? I.-Ty.- South? G.-Mo.-East? La., I.-Ty.-West? Mo.- What river forms the north boundary? Rd.-East? Se.-West? R. G.-Which are the other chief rivers of Texas? Co., Bs., Ty., Ns.- How long are they? On what river is Austin? Co.- Into what bay does it flow? Ma.- How far do steam-boats ascend the Brazos river? When, and where, was the battle of San Jacinto fought? Point out the Cross Timbers. This is a remarkable forest in the midst of the prairies: it extends northward from the Brazos river for a distance of a hundred miles. What Indian tribes are there in Texas? As., Cs., Is., Ks.

How does it compare with Pennsylvania? 3. What is said of the climate? Face of the country? Soil? Products? Silver, &c.' 4. What is Texas? 5. What is said of Buffalo, &c.? How are they taken? 6. What are the inhabitants? 7. What is said of the towng in Texas? 8. Of the commerce?

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WESTERN STATES AND TERRITORIES.

1. The western States and Territories comprise Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Missouri, Arkansas, Wisconsin, Iowa, and California; also the territories of Oregon, Utah, New Mexico, Missouri, Minnesota, and the Indian Territory.

From

2. This vast region, which stretches from the Alleghany Mountains to the Pacific Ocean, upwards of 2200 miles, is more than twice the size of all the rest of the Union. its great extent, the climate possesses considerable variety of temperature; the winters being more variable, and the quantity of snow less than in the same parallels in the Atlantic States.

3. The most striking features of this section of the Union are its numerous rivers, towering forests, and extensive prairies. The latter are wide-spreading plains, destitute, for the most part, of trees, and covered with tall grass and flowering shrubs.

4. That part of the country lying between the Rocky and

Western States. Q.-1. What do the Western States comprise? 2. What is said of the size of this region? The climate? The winters? 3. The most striking features? What are prairies? 4. What is part of

Alleghany Mountains is often called the Mississippi Valley, from its being chiefly watered by that great river, and its tributary streams. These afford immense facilities for internal commerce, and, in fact, constitute it one of the best watered districts on the face of the globe.

5. There are, at present, on the western rivers several hundred steamboats, besides a multitude of arks or flat-boats, and other craft engaged in the commerce of the country. The trade also of the western coast has become, within a few years, of great importance; hundreds of vessels already frequent San Francisco Bay and the other harbours on the Pacific.

6. Gold, lead, iron, coal, salt, and lime, abound in the Western States, and, probably, no region of equal extent in the world exhibits such a combination of mineral wealth and fertility of soil, united with such rare facilities of transportation.

7. Cotton and tobacco are produced in the southern districts, while wheat, Indian corn, hemp, oats, and barley, are extensively cultivated in the other parts. Cattle, hogs, and horses, are raised in abundance, and constitute an important part of the wealth of the people of these states.

8. A considerable portion of the western country has been recently settled; but the cheapness of land, the fertility of the soil, and the general character of the climate, are causing a tide of emigration to flow, which is filling up the country with unexampled rapidity.

9. A laudable zeal is manifested in the cause of education. The number of common schools is rapidly increasing, while colleges and the higher seminaries of learning are also multiplying.

10. The population of the Western States and Territories amounts to about seven millions, of which the negro slaves constitute probably one-eleventh part. Slavery is prevalent in Tennessee, Kentucky, Missouri, and Arkansas, but does not exist in the other states and territories.

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11. Nearly all the Indians in the United States are found within the limits of this quarter of the Union. Some of these

this region called? Why? What do they afford? 5. What is said of steam-boats, arks, &c.? Of the trade of the western coast? 6. What is said of lead, iron, &c.? 7. What is produced in the southern districts? In other parts? What of cattle, &c.? 8. What has been recently settled? What is filling up the country? 9. What is manifested? Of common schools, colleges, &c.? 10. Of the population? Where is slavery prevalent? 11. What is said of the Indians? What is narrowing

are partially civilized, but a considerable number still remain unchanged; and while the settlements, arts, and improvements of white men are narrowing their boundaries, they still retain their original savage character and condition.

12. The Creeks, Choctaws, Cherokees, and several other tribes now resident in the Indian Territory, are under the protection of the General Government, and increase steadily in population and prosperity: while the Sioux, Riccarees, Black Feet, and other rude, roving bands of the Upper Missouri, are decreasing rapidly in number and importance.

13. The small-pox, so fatal to the Indians, and the intemperate use of ardent spirits, have swept them off by thousands; and tribes once numerous and powerful are now reduced to a few individuals.

14. The principal tribes which have lately come under the control of the United States by the acquisition of Oregon, California, New Mexico, &c., are the Shoshones, Nezperces, Utahs, Navahoes, Moquis, Apaches and Comanches. The two last are skilful horsemen and noted robbers; they frequently commit fearful ravages on the frontier districts of Mexico and Texas, and sometimes carry off women and children as slaves.

The

Map No. 5.-Which is the largest Western State? Ca.smallest? Ia. The most northern? Mn. Southern? Ca.Eastern? Oo.-Western? Ca.-Which is the largest western territory? On.-The three northernmost? On., Mi., Ma.-The most eastern? Ma. Most southern? N.-Mo.-The western states and territories extend from latitude 31 to 49 degrees. How much latitude do they include? They extend from about 4 degrees of longitude to 47 degrees west from Washington. How much longitude do they include? What states have the Mississippi river for their western boundary? Te., Ky., Is., Wn.—Which have the Mississippi for their eastern boundary? As., Mi., Ia. Which states have the Ohio for their southern boundary? Oo., Ia., Is. — What state has the Ohio for its northern boundary? Ky. - Which has the Ohio for its western boundary? Va.-What state is bounded on the west by the Pacific Ocean? Ca.-What territory? On.-What territories are bounded on the north by the 49th degree of latitude? On., Mi., Ma.-This parallel forms the boundary between the United States and British America for an extent of more than 1200 miles. What states are bounded west, in part, by the Missouri river? Ia., Mi.-What territory? Ma.

their boundaries? What do they still retain? 12. What of the Creeks, Choctaws, &c.? The Sioux, Riccarees, &c.? 13. What is said of the small-pox? 14. Which are the principal tribes that have lately come under the control of the United States? What is said of the two last?

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