nineteenth century, the north wing by Mr. Bathurst, and two rooms on the west by Canon Hope. There have since been minor alterations and the porch was lately added.

The oldest terriers in existence, 1684 and 1693, do no more than mention the outbuildings very briefly, and not until 1764 is there any detailed description of the appurtenances of the house. Then there was "One garden going up to the house, with a brick wall on the east, on the west the same, on the north, with a brick wall, half a yard high, palisaded upon it, with large palisade gates, fronting the house door." This refers to the present drive and shrubbery, the entrance having been moved since and the gates differently placed. On the side of this garden, towards the church, was a fold yard, a rood in extent, bounded by a stone wall on the east, by the hay barn on the west, a gate house and stable on the north, and by the house itself on the south. On the other side of the house, that is the south, was the "great garden, wall'd about, with a brick wall" containing two roods in extent. Beyond the garden, and evidently bordering on the village street, was the tithe barn, 102 feet long by 32 broad, and adjoining it the tithe barn croft of half an acre, and a fold yard, a rood in size, belonging to the tithe barn. The Rectory and its appurtenances covered altogether about 2 acres.

This was the Rectory during the eighteenth century, a substantial house with good approach, ample garden. convenient outbuildings, and tithe barn capacious enough to receive its dues over so large a parish. Additions were subsequently made, the tithe barn was pulled down, its use departed now that the Rector had land in lieu of tithe, the present stables were built, other outbuildings altered, and the garden enlarged, so that gradually the place took its present form, the growth of perhaps 500 years, perhaps of more.

Whenever the parish was founded, and by whatever Saxon lord, it would have been endowed with tithe and a portion of land. These the Normans would have respected, they were not robbers of churches. As to the actual possessions of the Church throughout England Domesday Book is disappointingly uncertain, in some parts of the country it tells all we want to know, in other parts it tells nothing, the variations in the returns being due to the absence of definite instructions to the commissioners as to the information they were to collect on these matters. For this district the book merely enumerates the churches and the priests, and as there is nothing to show there was any departure from the usual practice in the English Church, under Saxon or Norman, we may conclude the parish was endowed with both land and tithe. There is indeed evidence to show it was.

When Ilbert de Lascy founded the Chapel of St. Clement in his Castle of Pontefract he endowed it with various tithes and other annual payments, and, amongst them, two-thirds of the tithe on his demesne land in Barwick, the other third he left with the Rector. The sixteenth century saw the endowment of St. Clement's Chapel alienated from the Church, but the Rector still held his third of the demesne tithe with the whole of the remainder. Under the Inclosure Act of 1796 provision was specifically made for allotments to the Rector for his third, and to the owners of the other two parts which, by processes now long forgotten, had passed into the hands of Mr. John Tireman and Mrs. Elizabeth Eamonson respectively. We can at least see that the church here had received tithe from the early Norman days, and from how much earlier no man knows.

The first estimate of the value of the Rectory is that of Pope Nicholas IV., who, in 1288, granted to Edward I. for six years the tenth of all benefices towards defraying the cost of an expedition to the Holy Land. For the purposes of this levy an enquiry was made into the values, it was begun in 1288, and the result, called the "Taxatio of Pope Nicholas IV.," was finished for the Province of York in 1292. This Rectory was returned at £30, and in addition there was a "portion" of £3 6s. 8d., the two-thirds of the demesne tithe, payable to the Chapel in Pontefract Castle. Reckoning that the purchasing power of money at that time was then about twenty-four times what it is now, the benefice would appear to have been worth as much as £720 of our present money.

There was at one time a Rectory manor, and there is a most interesting note concerning it in the Calendar of Close Rolls.

"1322, Sept. 2. To Thomas Deyvill, keeper of the castle and honour of Pontefract. Order to permit William de Ayketon, parson of the Church of Berwyk-in-Elmet, to have the profits and other things that he and his predecessors have been wont to have in the wood called "Le Roundhaye," as the king learns by inquisition taken by Adam de Hoperton that William and his predecessors parsons of the said Church have received reasonable estover in the said wood from time out of mind, both before and after the wood was enclosed to wit dead wood lying therein and branches of dry wood to burn in their chief messuage of Berwyke by the view and delivery of the forester of the wood, and that they have had their swine and the swine of their tenants of their Church in the wood quit of pannage, and their plough oxen feeding with the lord's oxen in his several pastures, and a court of their men and tenants and their amercements imposed upon them therein for assize of ale and other things whatsoever and whenso

ever their men and tenants have been attached at the courts of the lords of Berwyk, they or their proctors have always and always obtained their court of the same men and tenants."

In those days, the use of the word tenants" would alone presuppose a court, but there is also distinct reference to the court of the rector's men and tenants and clear evidence of the existence of a Rectory manor. Its privileges have long been lost. But this may explain the fact that though the survey of 1341 speaks of the Rector having common of pasture in certain places of the manor he does not appear as an actual tenant. Undoubtedly, he held some considerable amount of land, or he would not have had men and tenants" nor cattle requiring so much pasture, and the explanation seems to be that he enjoyed his land free from the jurisdiction of any other manorial lord.

We have another valuation of the rectory early in the sixteenth century. In the years 1532 and 1534 parliament granted to Henry VIII. the first fruits and tenths of the benefices, and a new enquiry was made into their incomes, it was known as the "Valor Ecclesiasticus" and was finished in 1534. This is a more interesting return than the earlier one as it presents fuller details. Barwick is thus given, translating from the abbreviated Latin.

Thomas Stanley Incumbent

The Rectory there is worth

The Rectory there together with glebe, tithe of corn,
offerings and all other manner of profits and emolu-
ments belonging to the same let to farm for £30 a
year and the farmer finds a chaplain for the cure
and pays the same for his salary 100s.

In all per

£35 0 0

Deductions

Annual Payment in pension to the prebendary in the
chapel of the castle at Pontefract

Like payment to the Lord Archbishop of York "pro
sinagio(?)" there yearly

25 0

2 8 27 8

.. £33 12 4

£3 7 3

The purchasing power of money at this time would make the rectory to be worth something like £400 a year.1

1. It will be interesting to compare the returns for some other important Yorkshire benefices from the same source.

The Vicarage of Leeds, a house and garden valued at 15s. 8d.; tithes of lambs and wool, £13; Lent