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Dorking and Brahma Fowls, AURORA, CAYUGA COUNTY, N. Y.

DOMESTIC ANIMALS

AT PRIVATE SALE.

G. MORRIS' ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, with prices attached, of Short Horned and Devon Bulls and Bull Calves, a few Horses, South Down Rams, Berkshire, Suffolk and Essex Swine, will be forwarded by mail (if desired.) by addressing L.. G. MORRIS. Fordham, Westchester Co.. NY, or N. J BECAR, 187 Broadway. New York. It also contains portrait, pedigree, and performances on the turf of the celebrated horse Monarch," standing this season at the Herdsdale Farm. May 3, 1855-w& mif

Devon Cows,

Appleton & Alderson's Drain Tile Works, HEIFERS, and Bull Calves pure blood for sale by

Corner of Lydius and Snipe streets, Albany, near Mr. Wil

zon's Nursery.

HORSE SHOE TILE, 14 INCHES LONG.

A

Feb. 1-mly. B. V. FRENCH, Braintree, Mass.

FOR SALE,

FEW pair fancy Lop-Eared Rabbits at moderate prices, very fine specimens, delivered at Hudson. Also a few pair Dorking Fowls, from the fine stock of R. H. Van Rensselaer, ready for delivery in September. Address S. V. C. VAN RENSSELAER,

Claverack, Col. Co., N. Y.

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$40 per 1000. 18 per 1000. 12 per 1000.

HE subscribers having enlarged their works, are now

Tprepared to furnish Drain Tile of the various patterns

and prices. Also Large Tile for small streams and drains about dwellings, &c., at 84, 86, and $8 per 100 pieces. We warrant our Tile to be perfectly sound, and to fit good at the joints, so as to admit water and keep out the dirt. The Tile have a larger calibre than any other of American manufacture for the same prices; they are also more than 14 inches in length-1000 pieces will lay 72 rods.

Tile delivered at the docks and railroads free of cartage. Specimens can be seen at L. & M. MERCHANT's, 71 Quayst., Albany, near the Steamboat landing.

Full directions for laying Tile will be sent free to those addressing the subscribers.

We only need say that Appleton & Alderson obtained the first prizes for Tile at the Albany County, and N. Y. State Fairs. Practical drainers furnished if required.

Orders from all parts, will be thankfully received and promptly atiended to.

Address May 31-weow & m5m

APPLETON & ALDERSON, 195 Washington-st., Albany, N. Y.

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OF pure blood, for sale by

Feb 1-mly

ENGLISH CATTLE,

Imported on commission by Messrs. THOS. BETTS BROS., Bishop's Stratford, Herts, England-81 Muiden Lane, New York City.

Hampshire Sheep,
Cotswold, Leicester do
Suffolk Pigs,
Essex. Berkshire do
Merino Sheep from Spain,
Mules,
do do

BEING much the cheapest and wich will gy of obtaining Stock direct from the Breeder, which will give gentlemen an opportunity of obtaining the best stock, without having to pay an exorbitant price for them in America. The firm having had forty years' experience, they feel confident of giving satist.ction both as regards price and selecting the stock from the best herds m England. Thorough-bred Horses, Short-Horned Cattle, Devons, Herefords, Ayrshires, Alderney Cows from Islands of Alderney and Guernsey, Pure bred Southdown Sheep, Messrs. Betts Bros. have appointed one of the most experienced men in England entirely for purchasing Thorough Bred Horses They have also an agent in Spain for purchasing mules, Merino Sheep, etc. Messrs. Betts Bros. have purchased a valuable patent invention which will prevent accidents occurring to cattle across the Atlantic. They can now be safely imported any time during the year. The cattle will be insured from Liverpool to New-York when desired, by charg ing a small per centage.

A steamer will leave Liverpool with cattle about the first of every month. The stock will be delivered at New York about six weeks from the time the order is given in America. Circulars containing all particulars, expenses to America, and the prices of Cattle in England, may be had by ap plying by post to Messrs. THOS. BETTS, or, J. M. MILLER, Agent, 81 Maiden-lane. Jan. 4-lain-mly. New York City.

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PLATTSBURGH NURSERY. Fruit Trees, Vines, Hedge-Plants. Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, &c. &c. THE

IE proprietor offers, this fall, his usual very superior stock of Fruit Trees, Vines, &c. The climate of the Valley of Lake Champlain is so congenial to the hardy growth and healthful development of trees, that they are not liable to suffer from the sudden changes that occasionally oc. cur after their removal. All the varieties are propagated from bearing trees, ensuring accuracy; and persons wishing to plant their grounds with valuable varieties of fruit, may rely upon the articles sent from this establishment. Orders should be sent early. Catalogues will be sent to those who wish them. JOHN W. BAILEY, Plattsburgh, N. Y.

Oct. 18th, 1855-w5tmlt

OF

WM. R. PRINCE & CO.,

FLUSHING, N. Y.,

FFER their unrivalled Collection of Trees and Plants of every description. Their Extra large bearing Ornamental Trees, and Extra sized Ornamental Trees are such as cannot be elsewhere obtained. The following Catalogues will be sent to applicants: No. 1-Fruit and Ornamental Trees. No 2-Roses, Bulbous, and other Flowering Plants. No. 3-Extra Large Fruit and Ornamenta! Trees. No 4Wholesale Catalogue of Trees, Stocks, and Seeds, for Nurseries. No 6-Descriptive Catalogue of Strawberries. Oct. 4-w4tmit

RHUBARB Victoria, Downing's Colossal, Linnæus,Cahoon, and a great variety of seedlings.

STRAWBERRIES-Hovey's Seedling, Boston Pine, Early Scarlet, and McAvoy's Superior. WILLOW CUTTINGS.

C. W. GRANT. Newburgh, Orange Co., N. Y.

A Pleasant and Desirable Residence

IN WESTERN NEW-YORK.

HE subscriber offers for sale a highly improved farm, in

TMacedon, Wayne Co. N. Y., consisting of about 60 acres

of land, (inore or less to suit the purchaser,) of which 8 acres are woodland, 10 fertile pasture, and the rest in a high state of cultivation, partly occupied with nursery arees, which wil be removed. There are a neat and comfortable cottage of nine rooms. several outbuildings, two laborer's collages, a handsome growth of ornamental trees, and a nearly une qualled collection of fruit trees mostly in bearing, supplying a succession of the best sorts through the entire year. The specimen apple trees alone comprise nearly 400 in full bearing, and all are increasing annually in value.

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The whole lies in a picturesque position, in a handsome undulating country, in a region unexcelled for the successful growth of fruit, and two miles from the New-York Central Railroad. In order to effect a ready sale, it is offered at some hundreds of dollars less than its estimated value, or at about $90 to $100 per acre, varying with the quantity of land taken, the boundaries chosen, and the number of nursery trees left for permanent orchard, for which many hundreds of large size may be selected without transplanting. For further particulars apply personally to

J. J. THOMAS, Macedon, N. Y.

RURAL PUBLICATIONS. THE attention of all persons interested in rural pursuits

is invited to the following publications:

THE COUNTRY GENTLEMAN-a Weekly Journal for the Farm, the Garden and the Fireside-forming yearly two large and beautiful quarto volumes of 416 pages each. Price. $200 a year. This is, beyond question, the best agricultural journal published in this country. Specimens sent to all applicants.

THE CULTIVATOR—a Monthly Journal for the Farmer and the Horticulturist, beautifully illustrated, and forming an annual volume of nearly 400 pages, at 50 cents a year.

THE ILLUSTRATED ANNUAL REGISTER of RU. RAL AFFAIRS for 1855, embellished with more than One Hundred Engravings,—1 vol. 12 mo. 144 pp.-price, 25 cents in paper covers-bound, 50 cents-sent prepaid by mail.

RELATIONS OF CHEMISTRY TO AGRICULTURE,

and the Agricultural Experiments of Mr. J. B. Lawes, a new work by Prof LIEBIG, just published, price 25 cents-sent prepaid by mail.

Specimens and Prospectuses sent to those disposed to act as Agents. Address the publisher,

LUTHER TUCKER, Albany, N. Y.

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Arrangements, Hopes and Aims,

The Senior Editor and sole Proprietor of THE CULTIVATOR and COUNTRY GENTLEMAN, has associated with himself in the Editorial Management of his Journals, and in his business as Publisher, LUTHER H. TUCKER, whose experience in both these departments, for more than a year past, will, it is believed, enable the new firm, LUTHER TUCK ER AND SON, to give increased energy, interest and value to their several Publications.

SERIES.

No. XII.

other resources, and a true spirit of advancement, that we shall labor.

- Reader, you have here our whole platform. Will you not assist us in the work?

Such is the cheapness merely, of the terms on which we offer THE CULTIVATOR and REGISTER to the public, that it would seem as if they can but reach that extent of circulation, with the aid of which they can alone be sustained.

If our Agents and Friends will enlist the co-operation of other subscribers, the number obtained might be very much increased over that of any previous year. We shall esteem it a favor if they will do this; and should any be unable to head the movement, attend to remittances, &c., themselves, if they would place the matter in the hands of some competent person who would feel interested in attending to it.

The aim of this paper, since its commencement, has not been merely to compare well with its cotemporaries, but to take advantage of every practicable means to attain that position, in the view of its conductor best qualified to meet the wants of the American Farmer. In reviewing his course, he flatters himself that this end has been sought with at least some measure of success. Taking We shall hope for a circulation in 1856, of Fifthe foremost rank at the outset, the influence of ty Thousand copies. That there is nothing chiTHE CULTIVATOR has been ever since rapidly ex-merical in this hope, all will agree who consider tending; and it has numbered among its contrib- for a moment the vast numbers of our farming utors the most distinguished and intelligent agri- population, the value and beauty of the paper furculturists of our whole country. From the first nished, and the smallness of the cost exacted. it has been the depository of a mass of facts in relation to Agriculture not to be found, it is believed, in any other series of volumes; and the favor with which it has been received, and the ample support accorded to it, are, undoubtedly, largely attributable to the practical nature and value of its contents.

In the same aim we purpose to continue it, with the renewed assurance of permanence conveyed in the present arrangements, and the renewed enterprise and determination to excel, conferred by them. It is with the hope of awakening farmers at large to their need of enlightenment; of assisting them in the field and encouraging them at the fireside; of lifting from their shoulders, perhaps, somewhat of the burdens of their life; of creating with them a taste for the knowledge, the comforts, the beauties at their command; of developing among them an appreciation of these and

With this hope we shall labor; to its accom

plishment we ask the labors of all who are interested with us in the cause of the Farmer, and in of larger views and higher aims, in that class the progress of a real and noble enlightenment, which constitutes the very foundation of our national structure, and the only security of its wellbeing.

The particular attention of our friends is requested to the Prospectuses of both THE CULTIVATOR and COUNTRY GENTLEMAN, forwarded with their last numbers. We have, as promised in the November issue, endeavored to send to those on whom we chiefly depend for sustaining and increasing our circulation, a copy of the ANNUAL REGISTER, for use in canvassing. Some, even of our best Agents, may perchance be accidentally omitted; we trust any of these, or any friend disposed to aid in the cause of American Agriculture and Rural Improvement, will write us for a

copy and for specimen numbers, and go to work with them as earnestly as their deserts and his own circumstances will admit. It will be seen that we renew, with the two very important additions mentioned, our last year's offer of

PREMIUMS TO AGENTS.

As an inducement to Agents to exert themselves to form Clubs, aside from the consciousness of the benefit they will confer upon their neighbors by placing such a journal in their hands, we offer the following list of Premiums to those who send us the largest amount of cash subscriptions to our journals for the year 1856, previous to the 10th of April next :

1. For the largest amount,. FIFTY DOLLARS. 2. For the next largest,.... FORTY-FIVE DOLLARS. 3. For the next largest,.... FORTY DOLLARS. 4. For the next largest,.... THIRTY-FIVE DOLL'S. 5. For the next largest,.. THIRTY DOLLARS. 6. For the next largest,. TWENTY-FIVE DOLL'S.

7. For the next largest,.... TWENTY DOLLARS 8. For the next largest,.... FIFTEEN DOLLARS. 9. For the next largest,.. ... TEN DOLLARS.

10. For the next largest,.... FIVE DOLLARS. 11. For the TEN next largest Amounts, Each a Bound Set of the Six Quarto Volumes of the Cultivator, from 1838-1843 inclusive.

12. For the TEN next largest Amounts, Each a Volume of the Transactions N. Y. State Ag. Society for 1854. Agents who compete for the above prizes must, in all cases, remit with their orders, at the rate of Fifty Cents for each copy of THE CULTIVATOR, and One Dollar and Fifty Cents-(the lowest club price, where ten or more copies are taken)-for each subscriber to the COUNTRY GENTLEMAN.

We ask attention also to the addition of no less than TWENTY PRIZES to the List as offered last year. These will cover a large number of cases in which nearly equal labor is expended, and which last year received no "material" acknowledgment of their

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It is of the greatest importance, that every person wri. ting us should give his full Post Office address-naming Post Office, County and State-for instance, as follows:

Shutsville, Jefferson Co., Ky., Oct. 1, 1855.

If all our correspondents would thus commence their letters, and be careful to write their names plainly, it would save us much labor and vexation, and secure a prompt and correct fulfilment of their requests.

Great care should be taken to write the name and address of each subscriber distinctly, thus: "John Smith,....Lenox,....Berkshire Co.,....Mass."

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A Word on Stabling Cattle and other Animals.

The time has come when old Borers begins to whistle through the lifeless trees, and stern winter is hard upon us; and it becomes farmers to make preparation for stabling their animals. Notwithstanding we live in a day of great improvement in farming, yet many farmers are opposed to stabling their stock, and still continue to throw their fodder into the mud, and at the mercy of the winds; and instead of sheltering their swine, they let them run over their whole farm, rooting up their best meadows, and perhaps their neighbors' also. Every observing farmer knows that it is as natural for cattle to seek a dry and warm shelter, as it is for the human family; yet it appears as if some farmers thought their salvation depended on keeping a large stock, half-fed, half-stabled, half-cared for. No farmer, whose heart is not harder than a mill stone, can enter his dwelling on a cold winter's night, by a good fire, and feast on the luxuries of the earth, while his stock are looing and bleating about the lots and streets for the want of proper food and shelter. GEO. CARGILL. Berkshire, N. Y.

SHORTHORNS IN SCOTLAND.-The recent annual sale of Shorthorn bull calves at Shethin, 18 animals sold for 773 guineas, or about $215 each. "This," says the North British Agriculturist, “is perhaps the highest average at any sale of bull calves in the north since Shorthorns were introduced."

When to Use Barn-Yard Manure.

MESSRS. EDITORS-If you had a farm of 90 acres, and stock upon it to make about 100 loads of manure per annum, would you apply that made from fall to spring, on your corn, potato or other ground? or would you apply it in the fall on your grass or other ground? Your answer will interest one at least of your readers. H. L. D. Moreau Station, N. Y.

In the present state of agricultural science we can give no satisfactory answer to these questions. Indeed, were we better acquainted with the action of fertilizing substances on different crops, it would still be difficult to determine, under the various circumstances of practical agriculture, what particular mode of treating and applying manure would be most advantageous. Had we simply to decide which mode supplied the plants with the greatest amount of manurial elements, we should say, apply the manure in the green or unfermented state, and plow it under as soon as possible, for in this way the manure would decay in the soil, and all the gases evolved be detained. But this, though an inportant one, is not the only question. The manure in the green state does not act as quickly as when properly fermented in the barn-yard or heap; and much more labor is required to draw it on to the land, spread it and plow it under, than when concentrated by judicious fermentation. We have to decide whether the loss during fermentation is so great as to counterbalance these advantages. As manure is usually managed, there is unquestionably much loss of carbonate of ammonia during fermentation; but this need not be. In a well managed barn-yard or manure heap, the loss of ammonia or of any other valuable substances is much less than many of our agricultural writers appear to suppose. THAER could not detect the escape of ammonia from his manure heap by the most delicate chemical tests. Dr. WOLFF, an able and reliable German chemist, says: "where yard manure and composts are skilfully prepared, the loss of ammonia is very slight, even without the use of fixing agents." From these facts we should conclude that it was better to reduce or concentrate the manure as much as possible by fermentation, before applying it to the land. But here we are met with a question in regard to the mechanical action of barn-yard manure. Yes, manure unquestionably has a beneficial mechanical action on some soils; when plowed under a stiff clay, it doubtless renders it lighter and more porous, and under such circumstances we may conclude that the longer, greener, and more bulky it is, the greater will be its beneficial effect. Even on very light, sandy soils, we are not sure but that under some circumstances manure may be applied with much advantage on the surface as a mulch; and of course the longer and greener it is the better. We believe the loss from the escape of gaseous matter in the gradual decay of green, strawy manure, spread out on the surface of the soil, is much less than is generally imagined. There is unquestionably some loss, but in many cases, we believe the benefit derived from the mulch would more than counterbalance it.

In deciding when and how to apply manure, we must not forget, what is gained by drawing it out at a comparatively leisure season of the year. In this climate, the period allotted the farmer to prepare and sow his Jand is so short, and labor so much higher than during the winter months, that this consideration is of particular importance.

In England, manure is usually applied to the turnip

crop in the spring, or to the wheat crop in the autumn. Since the introduction of superphosphate of lime, guanos and other concentrated fertilizers, the latter course is most frequently adopted by intelligent farmers. Still, there as here, it is one of the "vexed questions" of agriculture. The working season in England is much longer than with us, and yet sometime since we received a letter from one of the best practical farmers of Shropshire-a gentleman who on 268 acres of land kept 33 milch cows, some 20 head of young cattle, 8 having each year, 40 acres of wheat, 40 of barley and horses, 250 sheep, and a large number of hogs, besides 40 to 50 of turnips, potatoes, vetches, &c.-asking our opinion if there would be much loss of ammonia, if he spread it on his wheat stubbles, that were to be sown should draw out his manure late in the autumn, and with turnips the next spring. He found it no easy task to draw out the immense quantity of manure made on the farm in season for either the turnip or wheat crop. The answer given can be of no interest to our readers. We allude to the matter simply to show that, even in England, farmers would be willing to submit to a little loss of fertilizing matter, if it would enable them to cart out their manure at a leisure season of the year.

Our correspondent has 90 acres of land, and manure enough say, for 10 acres. When and to what shall he apply it? Shall it be used in the spring, in a comparatively green state; and, if so, to what crops? Not to barley; not to oats; farmers are mostly unanimous for, if dry weather ensues, it will do no good. For such on this point. To grass land as a top dressing? No; a purpose it should be composted with loam, muck, &c., and applied very early in the spring, or still better in the autumn. The only crops left are potatoes and other roots, and corn. It is certain that to get a large crop of potatoes we must in some way make the land rich; yet since the potato disease became so prevalent, the practice of applying putrescent manures directly to the potato, has become much less common than formerly. We are not prepared to say that it is an injudicious practice, although there can be little doubt that potatoes so grown are more liable to the disease, and are not so palatable as those grown on poor sandy soil. Carrots, parsnips, beets, mangolds, &c., must have manure, but it ought to be pretty well decomposed. Corn likes manure, and is not particular as to how it is applied. Nevertheless, in a dry season, the benefit received from green manure plowed in, or even from that which is thoroughly decomposed and applied in the hill is not very perceptible.

As we said, English farmers frequently use their manure for wheat. They turn over a clover ley immediately before sowing the wheat, and plow under the manure at the same time. Farmers are here too busy during the wheat seeding to adopt this practice, even were there no other reasons against it. Many of our best wheat growers break up their clover sods in July, and sow the wheat without any more plowing-the land being kept clean, and got into good tilth by the frequent use of the cultivator, harrow, &c. Manure might be plowed under in July, at breaking up; but considerable clover is generally turned under, and it would be difficult to bury both clover and manure so that the cultivator would not afterwards work it up to the surface. Nevertheless, if the farmer is not too busy in the corn or hay field, we are not sure but what, under certain circumstances, such a practice might be advantageous.

Unless the soil is very light, or very hilly, and there is danger of leaching, we should, taking everything into consideration, prefer to apply manure in the fall after the busy season is over, or perhaps in the winter during good sleighing, to such clover fields as are intended to plant with corn or potatoes next spring. This manured land would give an early bite of clover in the spring, or if it was not wanted as food for animale, it might be turned under as food for plants. The land should be plasted as soon after it is plowed as possible, for it is said that the grubs will feed on the clover and not touch

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