Engineering Facts and Figures

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Andrew Betts Brown
A. Fullerton & Company, 1868
 

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Page 210 - Ibs. of water one. degree in temperature. The air has here been heated under a constant pressure, and we have learned, that the quantity of heat necessary to raise the temperature of a gas under constant pressure a certain number of degrees, is to that required to raise the gas to the same temperature, when its volume is kept constant, in the proportion of 1-42 : 1 ; hence we have the statement — . . - ib».
Page 62 - ... warped or made crooked by the heat. — They must properly convey away all the generated steam, and be regularly supplied with water.- — They must be connected with the main part of the boiler in such a manner that in case of a rupture of one of them, the whole content of water and steam cannot suddenly and dangerously discharge itself. — They must lie so deep under the general...
Page 151 - Second, the escape of free steam from the steam-chamber, and the consequent removal of a considerable part of the pressure upon the water, before its contained heat can overcome its inertia and permit the disengagement of additional steam.
Page 151 - Third, the projection of steam, combined, as it necessarily must be, with the water, with great velocity, and through a greater or less space, upon the upper sides of the shell of the boiler, which is thus forced completely open, and perhaps broken to pieces.
Page 259 - ... 15 per cent., independent from that realized in the vaporization of its surplus moisture, and which is as much more. Saturated steam cannot part with any of its heat without becoming condensed ; and this loss, by premature condensation, is often a very large percentage of the total amount of steam used. In every unit of the steam thus condensed, there are lost 1,000 units of heat, which have been supplied by the fuel, but have not been utilized. Superheated steam, under the same circumstances,...
Page 150 - ... are not capable of containing sufficient heat to change a very large quantity of water into steam. The total quantity of heat which would raise the temperature of...
Page 260 - ... subject the superheaters to an undue degree of heat, which would naturally tend to their destruction. These particulars faithfully complied with, it will be found that no tangible objections can be opposed to the employment of moderately superheated steam ; and, when such economical results obtain from its use, it seems unaccountable that it is not more generally appreciated, and that the manufacturing public still adhere to the old saturated article, wasting by it both their time and money....
Page 209 - The heat, produced by the combustion of the additional 4% grains, in the latter case, is entirely consumed in lifting the weight. Using the accurate numbers, the quantity of heat applied when the volume is constant, is to the quantity applied when the pressure is constant, in the proportion of 1 to 1-421. This extremely important fact constitutes the basis from which the mechanical equivalent of heat was first calculated.
Page 27 - ... hundred pounds per square inch. A second one, tested in the same manner, burst at six hundred and twenty-five pounds. They were shown a section in which one unit had burst at nine hundred pounds per square inch, the damage having been repaired by the insertion of a new unit. The section then stood eleven hundred pounds per square inch before bursting in a new place. The available strength of the section in all cases being the strength of the weakest unit in it, the inventor holds that the boiler...
Page 258 - Bulkley of New York makes the following communication in the " Journal of the Franklin Institute" for October, 1866. " Superheated" steam, or steam which has received an increase of temperature without increase of weight, by the direct application of heat, has enemies who stoutly maintain that no benefit can be derived from the superheating, as the steam has its maximum efficiency as soon as generated. The fallacy of such statements is evident on reflection, and plainly shows that those advancing...

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