a thrown, and thence admitted into a kind of trough, where they are forced against the cylinder, which as it revolves grinds the potatoes to a pulp. Fig. 1, Plate XXXIV., represents the machine in front, or lengthways of the cylinder; and fig. 2 is a section through the middle of it, showing also the hopper with its contents, and the manner of the action of the machine. A represents the handle, by which motion is given to the machine: it is fixed upon the end of the axis of the grating cylinder B; on the opposite extremity of this axis is a fly-wheel C, to regulate and equalize the movement. D is the hopper, into which the potatoes are put; and pressing by their weight upon the top of the cylinder as it revolves, they are in part grated away. On one side of the lower part of the hopper is an opening, closed or opened more or less at pleasure by a slider E; and the degree of opening which this has regulates the passage of the potatoes from the hopper D into the trough F: this is as wide as the length of the cylinder, and has a concave board G fitted into it, which slides backwards and forwards, by the action of levers a'a affixed to an axis H, extended across the frame of the machine. K is a lever fised upon the middle of this axis, and terminating in a hook at the end for the suspension of a weight L; this acts upon the board G by means of the levers K and a a and the rods t, to force or press the potatoes contained in the trough forwards against the cylinder, and complete the grating of them into a pulp. A line c is tied to the end of the lever K, and passing over a pulley d, hangs down within reach of the person who turns the handle of the machine. By drawing this line, the weight at the end of the lever K is raised up, and by the rods the board G is withdrawn to the extremity of the trough, and a fresh stock of potatoes falls out at the opening E from the hopper into the trough; then, the line being let go, the weight L presses the board against the potatoes, and forces them against the cylinder, which by its motion grates them away very rapidly, the pulp passing down the space between the edge of the lower board of the trough F, and the cylinder, which space is only a narrow crevice that nothing may pass down but the reduced pulp, which falls into a box or vessel situated between the frame at M. The board G is perforated with a number of large circular holes, to make an uneven surface, in which the potatoes remain steady, whilst exposed to the action of the cylinder upon their opposite sides. The tin plate covering the cylinder is of course pierced from the inside outwards, and the bur or rough edge left round each forms an excellent rasping surface, for the reduction of such substances as the present. The frame of the machine requires but little explacation, merely consisting of a square frame, containing the cylinder, and supporting the hopper. This frame stands on four legs, two of which rise up to a sufficient height to carry the pivot of the axis H. The legs are morticed into four ground cells, which may be made 1 1 a 1815.) Manufacture of Farina from Potatoes. 368 to receive a box or chest, fitted in the manner of a drawer, to contain the pulp as it falls from the machine, or it may fall into any vessel placed underneath. The pulp in the yessels in which it is collected should be completely immersed in water, and well stirred; the separation of the farina, by its falling to the bottom, will speedily take place. The fibrous and refuse parts should be first removed, and the farina afterwards repeatedly washed, until it no longer communicates any tinge to the water. It is then sent to the stove or drying apartment, put into boxes, and dried. Care should, however, be taken that it does not dry too rapidly. Wherever the business is conducted upon a large scale, a machine for washing the potatoes * should be erected, and it might be contrived to receive motion from the power that directs the grinding machine. The vessels containing the pulp should be so arranged that a stream of water could be made to pass through them at pleasure. The pulp, after the first separation of the farina, still retains a quantity of farinaceous matter; but it will, perhaps, be more profitable to convert it into food for hogs, with such other additions as may be thought necessary, than to steep it again for the purpose of extracting any remaining portion of farina. It will be probably best to give it to the hogs boiled, along with a moderate proportion of boiled potatoes. This disposal of the refuse pulp would nearly defray the whole expense attendant upon the manufacture of the farina. *** This machine would operate with good effect for reducing apples to a pulp for making cider, as it is extremely expeditious and effectual in its operation. a ARTICLE IX. 10 Astronomical and Magnetical Observations at Hackney Wick, By Col. Beaufoy. * 12' 24 08.8 Ditto at Greenwich. Mar. 25, Immersion of Jupiter's Š 12 24 186 Ditto at Hackney Wick. Ist Satellite. ( 12 24 25.4 Ditto at Greenwich. April 3, Emersion of Jupiter's 1057 56 Ditto at Ilackney Wick.. Ist Satellite (10 58 02.2 Ditto at Greenwich, April 8, Emersion of Jupiter's Š 9 24 28•4 Ditto at Hackney Wick, 2d Satellite 19 24 25.2 Ditto at Greenwich. April 12, Emersion of Jupiter's XII 31 38.2 Ditto at Hackney Wick. 4th Satellite 11 31 45 Ditto at Greenwich, April 15, Emersiou of Jupiter's š 12 00 27 Ditto at Hackney Wick. 2d Satellite [1200 33.8 Ditto at Greenwicli. *Models of two machines proper for washing the earth from `potatoes may be seen in the Society's repository. Magnetical Observations. 1815. Noon Observ. Evening Observ, Hour. Variation, Hour. | Variatioo. West. } Westi } } } West. Morning Observ. Mopth. Hour. | Variation, Mar. 18 8h 40' 24° 15' 24"| 1h 40' 240 254 16445h 50' 24° 14' 25" 5 55 24 15 Ditto 23 8 20 24 13 29 5 55 24 '16 Ditto 24 8 15 24 12 . 48 1 40 24 27 33 5 55 24 17 48 Ditto 25 8 15 24 14 19 ! 25 24 25 38 5. 55 24 17 $! Ditto 26 8 20 24 13 45 Ditto 27 8 40 24 13 33 1 20 24 24 28 Ditto 28 8 40 24 14 39 10 24 25 08 | 5 50 24 35 33 Ditto 29 8 25 124 14 01 30 24 24 19 6 00 24 19 10 1815. Mean of (Morning Observations Noon in March. Evening Morning Noon Morning Fvening Morning 1814. Noon Ditto in Dec. Evening Morning Ditto in Nov. Noon Evening Morning Ditto in Oct. Noon Evening Morning Noon Morning Noon Morning Evening Morning Ditto in June. Noon Evening Morning Noon Morning Evening Morning Ditto in March. Noon Evening at gh 32'..... Variation 24° 14' 49" at 1 27 Ditto 24 23 40 West. at 5 54 Ditto 24 16 43 at 8 37 Ditto 24 1511 at 1 31 Ditto 24 2151 at Ditto Not obs. at 8 47 Ditto 24 16 46 at 1 36 Ditto 24 20 12 at ... Ditto Not oby. at 8 44 Ditto 24 18 02 West. at 1 30 Ditto 24 20 36 at Ditto Not obs. at 8 41 Ditto 24 16 20 ? West. at 1 40 Ditto 24 20 37 at Ditto Not obs. at 8 39 Ditto 24 14 08 at 1 42 Ditto 24 21 45 at Ditto Not obs. at 8 32 Ditto 24 14 33 at 1 39 Ditto 24 23 17 at 6 19 Ditto 24 16 50 at 8 30 Ditto 24 14 13 at 1 39 Ditto 24 23 48 West. at 6 57 Ditto 24 16 31 at 8 41 Ditto 24 13 29 I 42 Ditto 24 23 44 West. at 6 58 Ditto 24 17 00 at 8 44 Ditto 24 13 10 at. l 39 Ditto 24 22 48 West. at 6 52 Ditto 24 16 29 at 8 45 Ditto 24 13 12 at 1 44 Ditto 24 22 13 West, at 6 38 Ditto 24 16 14 8 45 Ditto 24 12 53 at 1 48 Ditto 24 23 53 Westi at 6 29 Ditto 24 15 30 at 8 52 Ditto 24 14 29 1 52 Ditto 24 23 08 West. at 6 11 Ditto 24 15 33 West. ... . at } West. . 1814. Mean of Morning Observations Noon in Feb. Evening Morning Ditto in Jan. Noon Evening Morning 1813, Noon Ditto in Dec. Evening Morning Ditto in Nov. Noon Evening Morning Ditto in Oct. Noon Evening Morning Noon Morning Noon Morning Evening Morning Ditto in June. Noon Evening Morning Ditto in May. Noon Evening Morning Ditta in April. Noon Evening at gh 47'. Variation 24° 14'50") West. Not obs Not obs. West. Ditto 24 20 30 Not obs. Not obs. West. Not obx. West. April 18li 45' 24° 14' 17 1 h 40' 24° 22' 30" 6h 15' 249 156 13 1 40 24 28 31 6 20 24 18 12 Ditto 11 8 35 24 16 19 6 40 24 15 44 Ditto 12 8 15 24 18 24 6 45 24 18 20 Ditto 13 8 50 24 13 07 6 20 24 13 14 Ditto 14 8 35 24 24 57 100 24 31 07 Ditto 15 8 35 24 15 17 35 24 30 13 6 25 24 15 44 Ditto 16 8 35 24 19 08 1 25 24 81 14 6 35 24 17 51 Ditto 1718 30 24 17 01 M A Comparison of the Monthly Variations in the Years 1813, 1814, and 1815. Morning April Soon Ezening. Morsing May Xoon. Freding. Morning Jade Noon. Erening. Morsing July Noon... Evening, Morning Aug. Yoon Erening.. Morsiog Bept. Noon. Evening. Morning Oct. Noon Evening. Morning Nov. Noon Evening Morning Dec. Noon. Evening. Morning Jan. Noon Evening. Morping Feb. Noon Evening. Morning March Noon Bvening. " 1 10 1 19 2 27 0 35 0 31 0 25 103 0 40 0 17 142 016 0 23 1 13 0 45 0 46 133 1 08 dos ас the am mo In deducing the mean of the observations, the morning oba. servation of March 19, and the noon of March 24, are rejected, the variation being so great. The wind on both days was from the west, and the weather cloudy. March 31,-Immersion uncertain to 10'. ma deli DICI Rain fallen Between noon of the 1st Apr. Mar 1.528 inicb. Nui of 1 I Dar athe |