153 Geological Society, March 4 10 Dec. 2,1814, inclusive ibid. Proceedings of the Wernerian Society, Dec. 3 and 17, 1814.. Experiment with Phosphuret of Ammonia .ibid. Communication between the Blind and the Deaf and Dumb Swine-stone near Durham... .ibid. Position of Port Jackson, New Holland Economical Method of making Paste in China Chinese Method of Casting Sheet Lead... Mr. Larkins's Models of Crystals in Wood Letter respecting the Saccharometer, Thermometer, Starch Sugar, Passage 156 Formation of Sal-ammoniac in Burning Bricks Meteorological Table and Observations, Dec. 4, 1814, to Jan. 1, 1815 159 Biographical Account of Dr. David Rittenhouse. By Dr. Thomson,... 161 Experiments in determining the Draught of Carriages. By R. L. Edge- Experiments to determine the Definite Proportions in which the Elements of Organic Nature are combined. By Dr. Berzelius, continued ...... 174 Observations on some Points connected with the Atomic Theory. By Dr. On the Uses of the Dorsal Vessel. By M. Marcel de Serres, continued 191 On the Orthoceraiites of Scotland. By Dr. Fleming ... On Deepening, Cleaning, and Removing, Obstructions in Harbours. By Memoir on Iodine. By M. Gay-Lussac, continued. Annual Meteorological Table for Sidmouth. By Dr. Clarke.. Astronomical and Magnetical Observations. By Col. Beaufoy Critical Analysis of Capt. Flinders's Voyage to Terra Australis Proceedings of the Royal Society, Jan. 20, Feh. 2, 9, and' 16. Linnæan Society, Feb. 7 and 16 Geological Society, Dec. 16, 1814 Notices of Lectures ibid. M. Birkbeck on French Agriculture.. Dr. Leach on Dr. Cross's Opinions on the Cerebelluin. on Petrifactions in Plymouth Lime-stone ibid. 283 ibid. .ibid. .ibid. Mr. Nicol on Shell-Fish in the Moss at Elgin A remarkable Meteor, Dec. 2, 1814 Mode of Conveying Gas for Lighting the Streets Mr. Accun's Treatise on Gas Light 257 Dr. Wollaston on the Octohedral Form of Iodine ..ibid. 1 Biographical Account of Sir B. Thomson, Count Rumford. By Dr. Experiments on the Definite Proportions of the Elements of Organic Na- ture. By Dr. Berzelius, concluded An Essay on Rents in the Earth. By Mr. Longmire, continued. 275 Experiments on Green Uran Mica. By Mr. Gregor Register of the Weather, and Table of Variations, at Plymouth, for the Astronomical and Magnetical Observations. By Col. Beaufoy. Mr. Phillips's Reply to Mr. Hume's Answer to his Animadversions. 292 Memoir on Iodine. By M. Gay-Lussac, continued..... Critical Analysis of Dr. Berzelius's System of Mineralogy..... Proceedings of the Royal Society, Feb. 23, March 2, 9, and 16 307 Geological Society, Jan. 20 to March 3 309 Account of the Death of Mr. Smithson Tennant ibid. .ibid. 313 Meteorological Table at Kinfauns Castle for 1814.. Royal Medical Society of Edinburgh Mr. Lockhart on Imaginary Cube Roots. ..ibid. Mr. Walker on the Use of the Cerebellum and Spinal Marrow Mr. Hannah'on Organic Remains in Plymouth Lime-stone ins in which the Elements 184 Biographical Account of Dr. Joseph Black. By Dr. Thomson 321 On the Doctrine of Fluxions. By A. Christison, Esq..., On detecting Carbureted Hydrogen Gas in Coal Mines. By Mr. Longmire 332 386 On the Fffect produced by a Mass of Ice on a Thermometer. By Mr. On the Cerebellum. By Dr. Leach On Pyrophorus, and the making of Potassium. By Dr. Hamel 348 On the Manufacture of Flour from Potatoes. _ By Mr. Whately... 351 Astronomical and Magnetical Observations. By Col. Beaufoy.. - 363 On the Uses of the Dorsal Vessels By M. Marcel de Serres, continued.. 369 Analytical Account of Dr. Prichard's Researches into the Physical His- 379 Orfila's Treatise on Poisons.. Proceedings of the Royal Society, April 6, 13, and 20 Linnæan Society, April 4 and 18 Geological Society, March 17 and April 7 . ibid. Answer to Queries respecting Gas Light ibid, Mr. Pring on the Focal Powers of the Eye ...ibid, Proposed Road over Hounslow Heath Dr. Tiarks in Reply to Mr. Lockhart's Paper on Imaginary Cube Roots.. ibid. A Memoir on Iodine. By M. Gay-Lussac, "continued Analysis of the Excrements of the Boa Constrictor. By Dr. Prout. 413 On the Colouring Mattér, or Ink, ejected by the Cuttle Fish. By the Refutation of Mr. Walker's Claim to the Discovery of the Uses of the Cerebellum: with further Observations on Respiration. By Dr. Cross 420 Experiments showing that in Hepatitis the Urine contains no Urea. By Reply to Mr. Phillips's Animadversions. By Mr. Hume Remarks on the Phenomena of Galvanism.. Defence of the Opinion that all Numbers have Four Imaginary Cube Astronomical and Magnetical Observations. By Col. Beaufoy.. Critical Analysis of the Transactions of the Geological Society, Vol. II. 444 Proceedings of the Royal Society, April 27, May 4, and 11.. Geological Society, April 21 and May 5. An Analogy respecting Volcanoes Whether Cast-Iron expands on Congealing On the Production of Complimentary Colours by the successive Reflection of Polarized Light from Gold and Silver ... On the Multiplication of Images, and the Colours which accompany, them, in some Specimens of Iceland Spar Queries respecting the Visibility of the Stars in the Day-time On the Explanation of the Fluictionary Calculus Accident at Heaton Main Colliery, near Newcastle XXVII. Abbe de Buée on an Algebraical Problem XXIX, and XXX. On Rents in the Earth XXXI. Orthoceralites in Scotland. XXXIII. Variations of the Barometer and Thermometer at Plymouth, Jan, to June, 1814 .... XXXIV. Machine for the Manufacture of Potatoe Flour 351 1 PHILOSOPHY. JANUARY, 1815. ac, continued 401 Constrictor. By Dr. Prout.... 413 ced by the Cuttle Fish. By the 417 e Discovery of the Uses of the 5 on Respiration. By Dr. Cross 420 e Urine contains no Urea. By 424 By Mr. Hume 428 438 rs have Four Imaginary Cube s By Col. Beaufoy. he Geological Society, Vol. II. 444 452 7, May 4, and 11. - 2 and 24 pril 21 and May 5. 14.. 457 463 464 443 ARTICLE I. 455 456 奶奶奶奶奶奶奶奶城城 465 . ibid. cars by the successive Reflection ..ibid. ce Colours which accompany, .ibid. 466 rs in the Day-time ibid. culus 469 wcastle 471 cil i to 30 473 475 468 470 Sketch of the latest Improvements in the Physical Sciences. By Thomas Thomson, M.D. F.R.S. AFTER an almost total exclusion from the Continent for about seven years, all the kingdoms of Europe have been suddenly thrown open; and it has been in our power, by importing the different foreign journals, to make ourselves acquainted with the various additions which the sciences have received during this eventful period. But these journals amount to so many volumes, that I find myself overwhelmed with matter, and foresee with regret that it will be utterly impossible for me to lay before my readers an historical sketch of the improvements which have been made in all the physical sciences. I shall therefore he under the necessity of copfining myself, at least at present, to those sciences which have been cultivated with the greatest ardour, and in which the most important improvements have taken place. These are Chemistry and Mineralogy. I shall pass more slightly over what has been done in these sciences in Britain and France; because the journals and scientific works of these countries have already become in some measure known to my readers ; partly by the contents of the Annals of Philosophy, and partly by means of the other London scientific journals. I shall dwell chiefly on what has been done in Germany and the North of Europe ; because the languages of these countries are not much cultivated in Britain, and because our connection with them was so completely interrupted, that there is a considerable probability that most of the facts which I shall state are unknown to at least the greater number of my readers. Next to chemistry and mineralogy, electricity, magnetism, and VOL. V. N° I. А a 276 meter and Thermometer at une, 1814. 284 acture of Potatoe Flour .... 351 optics, have been studied on the Continent with the greatest atten I shall take a subsequent opportunity of laying the improvements made in these sciences before the reader. CHEMISTRY. This science embraces so vast a field, and is cultivated by so numerous a tribe of votaries, that its annual progress is exceedingly striking and rapid. I shall, for the sake of perspicuity, arrange thie facts I have to state under different heads; because I consider any arrangement, even though imperfect, as greatly preferable to no arrangement at all. I. General Principles. ? There are two general principles in chemistry of the utmost importance, which have lately attracted a great deal of the attention of chemists, and concerning which various theories have been started which have had considerable influence on the science. These two principles are, 1. The power by which bodies unite chemically. This power is usually known by the name of affinity. 2. The proportions in which bodies unite chemically. The facts established relative to this point have received the name of the atomic theory. I shall endeavour to lay a short view of the opinions relative to these two principles before my readers. I. Alinity.-In the year 1903 an elaborate set of electrical experiments on the decomposition of salts and other bodies by the Gal-.. vanic pile was published by Hisinger and Berzelius, * This paper was republished in 1806 by the authors in the Swedish language, ti In 1803 an abstract of this paper was translated from the Germany) and published by the French cliçmuists at Paris. I Among other conclusions from their experiments, the authors draw the following : , Substances are decomposed by electricity according to a determinate : law, Oxygen and acids are attracted to the positive pole; while, hydrogen, alkalies, earths, and metals, are attracted to the negative, pole. This they consider as owing to an affinity subsisting between oxygen, and acids, and positive electricity; and between hydrogen, alkalies, earths and metais, and negative electricity. This important principle was still further developed by Sir Humphry Davy, and placed in a very luminous point of view in his celebrated lecture On some Chemical Agencies of Electricity, published in the Transactions of the Royal Society for 1808, and which gained the prize proposed by Bonaparte for the most important discovery in galvanisn. This dissertation deserves, in every point of view, to, be considered as the most valuable of all Sir Humphry Davy's philosophical discoveries. · His subsequent discoveries were more brilliant, and gave him greater eclat; but they were all derived from this profound dissertation, which pointed out the means of 7 * Gehlen’s neues allgemeines Jounal der Chemie, i. 116. |