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New Town, Backwell, Mr. Bagnot's Brewery. Made and communicated by Messrs. Domra.

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Collected by C. E. DE RANCE from Mr. E. C. B. TUDOR, C.E., Goole.

1. Hook Road, at N.E.R. cottages. Total depth, 200 feet; 4-inch bore-hole for domestic supply. Warp.-Blue marl, with gypsum (Keuper marls). Surface level about 10 feet above the Ordnance Datum; bottom of boring 190 feet below it.

2. Armin, village supply, boring 200 feet; all in soft New Red sandstone. Surface level about 10 feet above O.D.; bottom of bore-hole 190 feet below it.

3. Booth Ferry Road, Goole Local Board, 6-inch trial bore, 366 feet deep. Probably the first 28 feet was drift, the remaining beds being sands and sandstones, with 80 feet of marls in six beds. The surface level is 10 feet above O.D., and that of the bottom of the bore-hole 356 feet below it.

2. Rawcliffe Bridge, Goole supply. Well 60 feet deep, 10 feet diameter. No boring works were commenced in 1882. The engine-house floor is level with the canal, which is 11.5 feet above O.D. The water stands at 28 feet below the surface, and at 40 feet after 24 hours' pumping, or 17 feet and 29 feet below O.D. respectively. Before any pumping took place it stood at 22 feet from the surface, or 11 feet below O.D. The average quantity of water pumped is a quarter of a million gallons; working the two pumps double that quantity can be lifted.

a. Pulp Works, about 400 yards to N.E. Well-boring 300 feet deep, of 12 inches diameter, in red sandstone. Yield 14 million gallons per day, which lowers the water level of No. 4 3 feet. Level above Q.D. about 12 feet.

5. New Bridge, near Snaith. Goole Local Board trial boring, 500 feet, with 6-inch diameter. The boring is about 17 feet above O.D., the bottom 483 feet below it. The section in abstract is as follows:

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Of the red measures 32 feet consist of coarse red sand, 11 feet of variegated marls, the balance of marly sands; the whole I regard as belonging to the Keuper Waterstones, and call the 'Goole Beds.' They appear to be part of the series found at the Booth Ferry Road, and if so the beds must be repeated by a fault; but, if so, the latter can have no great north and south range, for if it had no water from the west could pass through it, and no water would be found at Rawcliffe and Goole. But it is quite possible that an east and west fault, with a southerly downthrow, ranges

through the district, and may be connected with the fault at Addy Wood in the Permians, or these beds may be thrown in by a very local trough fault, which view is supported by the small supply of water met with.

6. East Cowick. Village supply. Boring 4 inches diameter, 90 feet deep. Through 'pan sand' (drift sand cemented by oxide of iron) and very soft red sandstone. Water good. Surface level 20 feet above O.D., bottom level 70 feet below O.D. 7. West Cowick. Village supply. Depth, diameter, and section same as No. 6. Surface level 25 feet above O.D. Site close to 'Bay Horse Inn.' 8. West Cowick. O.D.; depth, 80 feet.

Trial boring N.N.W. of No. 7. Surface level, 25 feet above
Marl, &c., here pointing to some disturbance.

9. West Cowick. Hartley's Brewery. Surface level, 25 feet above O.D.; depth, 1,050 feet; bottom level, 1,025 feet below O.D.

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10. South Field. Trial boring for Goole supply, south of Park House Farm. Surface level, about 15 feet above O.D.; depth, 152 feet; level of bottom of borehole, 137 feet below O.D. Water stated to be good.

10a and 10b. Trial borings for Wakefield Corporation, west of Heck railway station, where the sandstone rock is visible. Surface level, 40 feet and 50 feet above O.D. The late Dr. Letheby reported as follows on these samples, on October 22, 1875. Sample A, bore-hole in Mr. Drewer's land, taken at 12 P.M., September 16, 1875; Sample B, from No. 2 bore-hole, taken October 13, 1875:

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This water is thoroughly free from organic impurity and of moderate hardness, and in every way thoroughly suited to be a source of public water supply.

11. Pontefract Water Supply Well. One mile S.W. of Aire, at Chapel Haddlesey, which is the highest point to which the tide flows. Surface levels, 25 feet above O.D.

Dr. Franklin Parsons, of the Local Government Board, was good enough, in February 1892, to give some very valuable information to the Committee as to the quality of the water of the Goole district, from which report the following abstract has been made:

The water from the red sandstone at Goole is of a peculiar character, containing a large amount of free ammonia, of solid matter and soap-destroying salts, chiefly magnesia and iron in a ferrous state; though clear at first, it afterwards throws down a rusty sediment, at the same time losing its chalybeate taste and smell, which at first is very apparent. At Selby, and to a less extent at Rawcliffe, this is not the case; and he points out that, in the first case, the sandstone is covered with impermeable clays; in the second, the gathering ground is either bare rock or rock covered with porous gravels; and justly observes that the water in the red sandstone is 'aërated in one case and not in the other.'

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The last sample gave 12-5 grains per gallon of carbonate of magnesia.

At Rawcliffe Station Well samples taken September 16, 1875, showed the same chalybeate taste and smell which obtains at Goole, but the quantity of ammonia is less, thus:

Free ammonia
Albuminoid ammonia.

Per Million Parts.

⚫03

⚫03

The hardness is also less, the total being 12:5, and permanent only 4.5. The total solids were only 30 grains per gallon, but the chlorine is 2.3.

At Rawcliffe Hall Well, 250 feet in the New Red Sandstone, the temperature of the water is 51°; it has no taste or smell, and only contains 27 grains of solids to the gallon.

At Selby Waterworks a sample of water taken July 27, 1874, yielded the following:

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These results establish the fact that on approach to the outcrop of the New Red Sandstone there is direct increase of purity, both as regards ammonia, total solid impurity, and amount of hardness, and they agree with the results of Dr. Letheby, at Heck, taken a month later in the same year.

BERKSHIRE.

New Lodge, Windsor Forest. Professor HULL, F.R.S.

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Very little water was struck till the borer reached the Lower Greensand, when it came up with great force, 7 feet above surface of ground. The position is very near the centre of the London Tertiary Basin, and the level about 230 feet above O.D., but of this I am not quite certain.

For section of this well see reprint of author's papers in Proc. of Yorks. Polytechnic and Geological Society.

WILTSHIRE.

Boring at Gas Works, Fordingbridge, Salisbury, 1887, by Messrs. TILLEY. Details furnished by Messrs. TILLEY and E. WESTLAKE, F.G.S.

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Level of ground 88 feet above Ordnance Datum. Water from the sand at 125 feet rose to 13 feet above the ground. The flow of water is about 2,000 gallons per day. No appreciable additional quantity of water was obtained from the Reading Beds or from the Chalk, and the pipes were withdrawn to the base of the London Clay.—(E. W.)

List of Queries circulated.

1. Position of well or shafts with which you are acquainted?

1a. State date at which the well or shaft was originally sunk. Has it been deepened since by sinking or boring, and when?

2. Approximate height of the surface of the ground above Ordnance Datum (mean sea level)?

3. Depth from surface to bottom of shaft or well, with diameter. Depth from surface to bottom of borehole, with diameter ?

3a. Depth from the surface to the horizontal drift-ways, if any? What is their length and number? 4. Height below the surface at which water stands before and after pumping. Number of hours elapsing before ordinary level is restored after pumping?

4a. Height below the surface at which

the water stood when the well was first sunk, and height at which it stands now when not pumped? 5. Quantity capable of being pumped in gallons per day of 24 hours? Average quantity daily pumped? 6. Does the water level vary at different seasons of the year, and to what extent? Has it diminished during the last ten years?

7. Is the ordinary water level ever affected by local rains, and, if so, in how short a time? And how does it stand in regard to the level of the water in the neighbouring streams or sea?

8. Analysis of the water, if any. Does the water possess any marked peculiarity?

9. Section, with nature of the rock passed through, including cover of drift, if any, with thickness? 9a. In which of the above rocks were springs of water intercepted? 10. Does the cover of Drift over the rock contain surface springs?

11. If so, are these land springs kept entirely out of the well?

12. Are any large faults known to exist close to the well?

13. Were any brine springs passed through in making the well? 14. Are there any salt springs in the neighbourhood?

15. Have any wells or borings been discontinued in your neighbourhood in consequence of the water being more or less brackish? If so, please give section in reply to query No. 9.

16. Kindly give any further information

you can.

The Eurypterid-bearing Deposits of the Pentland Hills.-Second Report of the Committee, consisting of Dr. R. H. TRAQUAir (Chairman), Professor T. RUPERT JONES, and Mr. MALCOLM LAURIE (Secretary). (Drawn up by the Secretary.)

DURING the past year a considerable amount of time has been spent in developing the material already acquired. The grant of money was chiefly expended in securing the assistance of Mr. Henderson, the original discoverer of these fossil beds. Thanks to his able assistance a considerable part of the material has been worked over with very satisfactory results, though much yet remains to be examined.

The specimens already obtained include five species of Eurypteridæ

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