17. Caput Jovis Ammonis

Elephas +.

18. Caput Herculis ‡, pelle leonino amictum.

Leo gradiens ||.

19. Palma, cum dactylis.

Pegasus §.

20, AL. Equus stans, cervice erecto.

Ex ære omnes, præter quartum et quintum, quorum hic ex argento, alter ex auro conficitur,

The

*In Libya, templum et oraculum celeberrimum, olim Jovi Ammoni conditum fuit: Ammoni illi nempe, qui idem esse perhibetur cum Chamo, cui Ægyptii et Libyes debent originem.

+ Tempore, quo cusus fuit hic nummus, elephantes frequentes errabant in septentrionalibus Africæ partibus, ut patet ex Plin. N. H. I. v. c. I. Ita enim poeta, de Africa loquens:

Et vastos elephantas habet, sævosque leones

In pœnas fœcunda suas parit horrida Tellus.

Manil. 1. iv.

Hercules nempe Libycus, cujus fama, propter certamen cum Antæo, (Plin. N. H. l. v. c. 1) Aram apud Lixon, (ibid. D) Specus in promonto rio Ampelusia dicto (Pomp Mela, c. v) Columnasque (ibid.) semper fuit inter Afros celeberrima

Per leonem hic exhibitum, intelligi potest vel Africæ symbolum, quz apoeta nuncupatur,

Vel Leo ab Hercule interfectus.

Leonum
Arida nutrix.

Nummus hic etiam inter Africanos numerandus est, licet altera parte pegasum, Corinthiorum symbolum, exhibeat. Palma quippe hic expressa racemos suos profert propendentes, utpote dactylis onustos quæ apud Corinthum, ob regionis frigiditatem, nulla alia esse possit quam sterilis. Præterea, ut pegasus nihil aliud sit nisi celer equus, tale insigne optime Africæ conve niet, ob celerum nempe equorum in ea terrarum parte proventum. Vid, Trist. Comment. tom. I. p. 89. et Spanheim. Dissert. v. p 277

These Plates marked I. II. III. IV. were designed by the Author to have been omitted; but as they will be esteemed of importance by many, and an ornament by all, it has been thought proper to insert them here, with the explanation of the three first, in the words of the author; as they followed at Sect. II. supra, p. 213. The fourth, which is Peutinger's Table, will be of use to the learned who shall compare it with the Itinerary, as Gerhard Vossius, de Scient. Mathem. advises, & Fabricius Biblioth. Lat. voce Tabula, and as this author has sometimes done. See vol. i. p. 198. vol. ii. p. 26. et alibi.

THE greatest part of the little images that are sold in Egypt, are commonly reported to have been lodged in the breasts of mummies. What may favour this opinion is, that the people of Sakara are the chief venders of these antiquities at present; of whom likewise I purchased the vase B, which was probably an Egyptian censer, being of a beautiful slate-like stone, with the handle very artfully contrived to imitate the leg of a camel, tied up in the same fashion the Arabs use to this day to prevent those creatures from straying away. Fare two pendants of the like materials, and from the same place. Of this kind perhaps were the (adva xula) stones, which they suspended upon the ears of their sacred crocodiles*. The Canopus, with two others+, in the possession of Dr Mead, (now of Mr Walpole) were likewise from Sakara. This of mine, which is of an almost transparent alabaster, is seventeen inches long, and six in diameter; having a scroll of sacred characters painted upon the breast, and the head of Isis, veiled, for the Operculum. The vessels, that were carried about in their processions, either to denote the great blessing of water, or that water, the humid principle, was the beginning of all things, may be supposed to have been of this fashion, or rather, as the Canopuses usually are, somewhat more turgid. In the famous contest also (Plate I.) betwixt the Chaldeans and Egyptians, concerning the strength and power of their respective deities, Fire and Water, the latter was personated by a Canopus; the story whereof is humorously told by Suidas .

The

Αρτήματα τε λίθινα χυτα (forsitan) και χρυσέα ες τα ώτα (τα κρο κοδειλος ενθέντες, &c. Herod. Eut. § 69

These are figured by Mr Gordon, Tab. xviii. whereof the first is of baked earth, the other of alabaster.

↑ Quintus auream vannum aureis congestam ramulis; et alius ferebat Amphoram. Apul. Met. 1. ii. p 262.

Suid. in voce Kaywπos.

The Icuncula here represented, were intended, in all probability, to be so many of their Lares or Amulets *; whereof the first, A, (Plate II. III.) is an Egyptian priest with his head shaven, and a scroll of Hieroglyphics upon his knees. B is Osiris, with his Tutulus a, Flagellum b, and hook c. C, is the same deity (isganouogos) with the hawk's head; having been formerly enamelled upon the breast, and holding either a palm branch, or a feather, which seems likewise to have been enamelled. D is the horned Isis, or los penvotions. In her lap she carries her son Orus, E; the same with F, the Sigalion, or god of silence, who is accordingly seen with his finger upon his mouth, and known by the name of Harpocrates. G is another figure also of Harpocrates, in the same sitting posture that is used to this day by the eastern nations. H (Plate III.) is supposed to be Orust, i. e. the earth, turgid with the variety of things which it is ready to produce. I, (Plate II.) provided the turn of the body and the Pileus do not suppose it to have originally belonged

to

* Inter amuleta Ægyptia nil erat communius Harpocrate, Horo, Apide, Osiride et Iside, Canopo, quorum primus Cornucopia instructus sub forma pueri nudi digito silentia suadente conspiciebatur; alter ibidem sub forma pueri, sed fascibus, aut reticulato amictu involutus, tertius sub forma bovini capitis; quartus sub variis formis; nunc igaxouogos, nunc xvvoμogPes, modo leoniformis; quinta sub mulieris habitu, scutica et reti instructa, aliisque instrumentis. Per Harpocratis amuletum, arcanorum per varias divinationum species se conscios futuros sperabant, religiose gestatum; gestatum autem fuisse, ansulæ satis demonstrant. Per Hori amuletum naturae mundanæ notitiam se habituros putabant; per Apidis amuletum, fœcundi tatem; per Osiridis influxus superni abundantiam; per Isidis, quæ ad terram et Nilum pertinent, bonorum omnium temporalium ubertatem se consecuturos sperabant. Per Accipitrem, se consecuturos sperabant claritatem luminis tum oculorum, tum intellectus; per Bovem, domesticæ substantiae amplitudinem, per Canem scientiarum et artium notitiam; per Cynocephalum et Elurum lunaris numinis attractum Erat ex insectis quoque Scarabæus, certis et appropriatis lapidibus incisus, potentissimum amuletum et passim usurpatum, ad solaris numinis attractum, contra omnes tum corporis, tum animi morbos institutum. Kirch. Gymn. Hierogl. Clas. xi. p 447-8. + Horus semper sub puerili forma referebatur, et mystice, Plutarcho teste, nihil aliud est, quam sensibilis mundi machina, quam sol seu Osiris per Scarabæum (x) indicatus, continua solarium numinum per binos accipitres (x) et terrestrium geniorum, per Penates (μ) lateribus assistentes indicatorum, ministerio, summa sapientia gubernat et moderatur. Pueri forma pingitur, quia mundus generabilium rerum innovatione continuo veluti rejuvenescit: tumido corpore () pingitur, quia genitalium rerum fœtura et vigu perpetuo turget. sub utroque pede crocodilum () calcat, i e. Beboniam sea typhoniam malignitatem mundo adeo perniciosam ne invalescat, cohi bet; scuticaque (o) i. e. virtutis suae efficacia in officio continet In pos tica parte per figuram A, Isis, seu luna exprimitur, quod cornua et velum, quibus semper, exhibetur, ostendunt, ubere turget, quia mater omnium mventionum est, et Hori a Typhone extincti vindicatrix et resuscitatrix; dum mundum siccitate et adustiva quadam vi oppressum, humido suo influxu, per radios apte indicato, temperiem et vitam revocat. Kirch. ibid. p. 449.

VIMU