NOTES ON YORKSHIRE CHURCHES.

By the late SIR STEPHEN GLYNNE, BART.

(CONTINUED FROM P. 502, VOL. XV.)

ST. JOHN, LAUGHTON.

Sept. 20, 1860.-Less than a mile from Laughton-en-le-Morthen is this neglected church, used formerly only for occasional service, but now likely to be better employed and cared for. It has a nave and low aisles, chancel, and western tower. The tower is Perpendicular, embattled with small buttresses, divided by three strings, with threelight window on the west, and closed door, belfry windows single. The arcade of the nave is Early English, with pointed arches on circular columns with moulded caps and toothed respond at northThe clerestory is large and out of proportion, having three windows of three lights. The tower arch rises at once from the walls. The chancel arch resembles those in the arcade, and there is a Perpendicular rood screen. The north aisle is continued one bay along the chancel. The chancel has a bad east window.

west.

The south doorway is Norman of late character, has shafts with capitals of foliage, the door has the original ironwork. The font is Perpendicular, richly panelled. There are tombs in the chancel.

ST. LAWRENCE, ADWICK-LE-STREET.

Feb. 19, 1862.-This church has a nave with north arch, chancel with north chapel, western tower, and south porch. The nave was undergoing a restoration when this church was visited. The doorway within the porch is Early Norman, the arch upon shafts with very large square abaci, and having cylindrical mouldings.

The nave generally is not of early date. It is rather unusually wide, and the arcade has three pointed arches on octagonal pillars. The clerestory has square-headed Perpendicular windows of two lights. The windows of the north aisle are Late Perpendicular, quite debased. On the south is one of three unfoliated lights and tracery, one square-headed debased. The nave roof is low pitched. The tower arch pointed on octagonal corbels.

VOL. XVII.

Q

The chancel arch is somewhat similar. The chancel is divided from its north chantry chapel by two small Decorated arches on a pile of four close-clustered columns, and a third arch next the nave short and odd-shaped. The chancel has a two-light plain window on the south without foils, and a better one of Decorated character. There is a double sedile at the south-east, which seems Early English, on a single shaft with square abacus to the capital. The ceiling is flat. The south-west window of the chancel has two lights, each with the flattened trefoil head, not very ecclesiastical in appearance. The north chapel has at the east end two lancets, with a circle above them, and also a single lancet on the north. The roof of this chapel is new, and it contains a Perpendicular high tomb panelled with quatrefoils. The organ is placed here. The roofs have no parapets. The tower is good Perpendicular, embattled, with four pinnacles, has corner buttresses, a west window of three lights, but no door, belfry windows of two lights. The porch is mean.

ST. HELEN, BUrghwallis.

Feb. 19, 1862.-A small church. Plan Chancel and nave without aisles, south porch, and west tower. The tower is Early Norman, has thick walls and no buttresses, a splayed early window on the west, and no door. It is of three stages, diminishing upwards, the belfry window of two lights with circular central shaft having abacus. The tower is covered with rough cast. The arch to the nave is obtuse upon imposts. The upper part has a later battlement and four pinnacles. In the north wall of the nave is seen externally a little herring-bone masonry, and there are no windows on the north of the nave. On the south are some Late Perpendicular windows with square heads of three lights.

The chancel arch is very plain and pointed. There is a pretty good Perpendicular rood screen. The east window is Perpendicular of three lights. On the south of the chancel there is a wide lancet of doubtful character, and a small piscina pointed in a square frame. Near the east window a stem bracket, and on the south a stone seat with elbow, large enough to admit three persons. There is a brass of a knight, and within the sacrum may be seen the original altar stone, with five crosses nearly obliterated.

The font has a circular bowl, with moulding round the top and base, and on an octagonal base. The porch has the stone arched roof with ribs not uncommon in this district. The door within is modern, as also the priest's door.

ST. LUKE AND ALL SAINTS, DARRINGTON.

Feb. 19, 1862.-This church is in many ways very interesting. The plan is a nave with north and south aisles. Chancel with north chapel. Tower engaged in the west end of the nave and south porch. The tower is originally Norman, and seems to have opened to the nave formerly by only a very narrow arch, part of which is still to be seen, on shafts with scolloped capitals and abaci, but a larger pointed arch has at a subsequent period been opened above it. The tower opens to the north aisle by an obtuse arch, to the south aisle by a pointed one. The west respond of the south arcade is also a Norman impost. The nave has beyond the tower on each side an Early English arcade of three tall and handsome arches upon circular columns having moulded capitals and bases. The roofs look modern, and are covered with slates. There is no clerestory. In the south aisle are some very good Decorated windows of three lights, having reticulated tracery. At the east end of the same aisle is a single lancet, beneath which is a moulded horizontal ledge and a pretty piscina having a foliated ogee surmounted by a horizontal battlement, and springing from shafts with capitals, and the whole set upon a moulded projecting ledge. The nave is neat, but fitted with pews and a west gallery, though some of the ancient carved bench ends still remain. The windows of the north aisle are square-headed and Perpendicular, but one set higher up the wall is Decorated, of two lights. The west windows of the aisles are lancets.

The chancel arch is pointed, on octagonal columns with capitals. The chancel is large and handsome. The east window of five lights, good Perpendicular. On the south are three windows, the centre one Decorated of two lights, with some remains of good old stained glass; the others plain Perpendicular of three and five lights, that next the east has the sill prolonged and panelled below, forming a sedile. Near it is a small rude piscina with trefoil head. These windows have panelling beneath them externally. There is an Early English priest's door on imposts.

The north chapel is an addition to the original chancel, opening to it by a wide pointed arch broken in the wall, upon octagonal columns, of which the eastern has nail heads in the capital. Eastward of this the wall looks as if it must have been an outer one, and has a lancet open now into the chapel.

The chapel itself opens to the north aisle of the nave by a pointed arch rising straight from the wall, above which is a feature highly curious and singular, viz. a stone gallery approached by a

staircase within a square tower on the north-west side of the chapel or chantry. This gallery must have led to the roodloft, and is lighted by three small arched openings on each side, looking into the chantry and into the aisle of the nave. The chantry chapel is also curious from having a stone arched roof with ribs, something like the south transept of Minchin Hampton. The roof is high pitched, and has in its apex on the west side a lancet seen over the roof of the aisle. The east window is Decorated, of three lights, lately restored. Near it is an enriched corbel. The northern windows are Perpendicular, of three lights, merely mullioned and foiled. At the east end are two very fine stone effigies: a knight, cross-legged, bearing a shield charged with a saltier, and a lady with joined hands.

The south porch is a fine Decorated one, of solid character and lofty, having a stone vault with the arched stone ribs so often seen in this part of Yorkshire. Within it a fine Early English doorway, having three orders of moulding and shafts with moulded round capitals.

The tower is low and not imposing, it seems to have some Norman ingredients, but is partly debased. The belfry windows on the south and east are Norman, the west windows and door Late Perpendicular.

ST. OSWALD, HORTON-IN-RIBBLEsdale.

May 6, 1862.-The plan is a nave and chancel without architectural division and aisles continued to the west end, a western tower and south porch. The exterior is chiefly Late Perpendicular, and the walls covered with white stucco, but within are earlier features. The windows are mostly late and square-headed, and without foils, but the west window of the north aisle is of two lights, cinque-foiled. The east window is of three lights, very ordinary and Late Perpendicular.

The arcades within are Late Norman. On the south the arches are semi-circular and quite plain, the piers circular and rather slender, with square abaci. The southern arches are chamfered, the northern are not, but otherwise resemble those on the south. The third pier on the north is octagonal, with square capital sculptured with shield and fleur-de-lis. The fourth arch on the north is elliptical and of two orders. The eastern arch on both sides is very wide and lofty, just pointed, rising from an octagonal pillar. Over the south arcade is a queu clerestory, with blind square-headed windows. The north aisle windows are modern. The interior is encumbered by pews and whitewashed. The roof ordinary, the tower

arch pointed. The font, Norman, has a round bowl diminishing downwards on a square base, and sculptured with longitudinal bands of chevron. The tower is low, of plain Perpendicular character, embattled, with corner buttresses and no string course, has at the west a poor three-light window and plain doorway, and belfry windows of two lights, and under them small single trefoil-headed windows.

ST. MICHAEL, HUBBERHOLME.

May 7, 1862.-This rude church is in a romantic valley amidst mountainous and picturesque scenery. It consists of a body and equal north and south aisles, with west tower and south porch. The east end presents one ungraceful wide gable containing three windows, the central square-headed and Perpendicular, of three foliated lights, that of the north aisle of two, of the south three lights, all square-headed. The other windows on the south are mutilated or modern, on the north they are late and square-headed, one of five, one of three, one of two lights.

The arcades within are very rude and dissimilar. On the north are four low chamfered pointed arches with slight curvature, on short octagonal piles with capitals. The fourth arch (within the chancel) is much wider than the others, with low spring and no impost, and has an extraordinary appearance from its width and lowness. The third arch on the same side has been strengthened by some addition to the pier. On the south the arcade is of four very clumsy round arches set very awkwardly upon octagonal columns, without real capitals but coarsely wrought wedges set on alternate faces. The date of this very rude work is difficult to fix. There is a break in the arcade on the north to mark the chancel, which is enclosed by a rough rood screen with the loft. On the loft facing east is some open wood panelling, and some of like kind in the screen. Above the loft facing west the decalogue, &c., are inscribed on boarding. There are some traces of more rude wood screen work. In the east angle of the south aisle are traces of rude stone steps. The roof is plain, of flat pitch, the interior whitewashed, badly pewed and generally untidy and neglected. Along it stretches a frightful stove. tower arch is very rude and small, obtusely pointed, on imposts. The font has an octagonal bowl on octagonal stem and round base. On the bowl are quatrefoils, on one side two heads, on another a fleurde-lis. The whole of the walls are of rough stone, the roof covered with lead. The tower is low and rude, with quasi-battlement and one string course, without buttresses, the belfry windows squareheaded, of two lights, other openings mere slits.

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