in 1529 (Act Parl., I., after Preface, 88, 89). Robert the Bruce, soon after his accession, granted a charter to Sir James Douglas of the valley of the Duglas, and the whole land and tenement of Kirkmychel. This charter is a bounding one, and thus describes the marches of Carmichael: "From the Karyn (Cairn) of Tintov downwards by the Merburne to the moor of Thankariston, and across by the same moor to the east side of Hokendu, till it reach Glaedburne, and across Glaedburne, up the burn on the east side of the church of Kirkmichel, and from the head of that burn downwards by the middle of Clouche Burn Bog to Chernesford, and so downwards to the river Clyde, and down the said river Clyde to the place where the Douglas Water falls into it, and then up the latter." As the grant included the lands of Douglas as well as those of Carmichael, no notice is taken of the line of march between them (Reg. Mag. Sig., 15, 77). In 1342, King David II. granted a charter of the lands of Douglasdale and Carmichael, etc., on the resignation of Hugh, brother of Sir James Douglas, to William, Lord Douglas, the son of Archibald, another brother (Robertson's Index, 55, 18). The Lords of Douglas had under them several vassals, one of whom, by at least the middle of the fourteenth century, held the lands of Carmichael, and took his surname from the same.

I. William de Carmichael is mentioned in a charter of the lands of Ponfeigh, granted about 1350 (Hyndford Charters, cited in Douglas Peerage).

II. John de Carmichael, probably his son, was infeft in the lands of Carmichael, on a precept from James, Earl of Douglas and Marr, who was killed at Otterburn in 1388 (Ibid). John of Carmichael, of that ilk, was one of the inquest which, in 1406, served Thomas, first Lord Somervell, heir to his father, Sir John Somervell, Baron of Lintoun (Mem. of the Somer., I., 152).

III. William Carmichael of that ilk was either the son or the brother of John. His name occurs in a charter of donation to the Priory of St Andrews, granted in the year 1410 (Douglas Peerage).

IV. Sir John Carmichael, who next succeeded, was probably

the son of William. He accompanied the force sent to the assistance of Charles VI. of France, and eminently distinguished himself at the battle of Bauge, in Anjou, fought in the year 1422, where he dismounted the Duke of Clarence, the English general, which decided the victory in favour of the French and Scots. In consequence of his having broken his spear on that occasion, he adopted the crest which is still retained by the family, namely, a dexter hand and arm, armed, holding a broken lance. He died in 1436, leaving three sons, William, who succeeded him, Robert, who founded the family of Carmichael of Balmedie, and John, Provost of St Andrews (Douglas Peerage).

V. William Carmichael of that ilk left two sons, John, who succeeded him, and George, who was treasurer and afterwards bishop of Glasgow (Ibid; Reg. Glas., 443, 426).

VI. Sir John Carmichael acquired a portion of the parish of Wiston, in regard to which he was, in 1473, engaged in a lawsuit (Act Dom. Aud., 26). He also became possessed of the superiority of a part of the lands of Carmichael, having, in 1585, received from James III. a grant of the Nethertown thereof (Hyndford Chart., quoted in Douglas Peerage). His youngest son was the ancestor of the Carmichaels of Meadowflat. He died in 1506, and was succeeded by his eldest son,

VII. William, who, in 1509, had a charter of the lands of Cruikedstane, in the parish of Crawford, in which he is designed burgess of Edinburgh (Reg. Mag. Sig., XV., 144). In 1528, a remission was granted to him for art, part, and assistance given to Archibald, late Earl of Angus (Pit. Crim. Trials, I., 243*). He died in 1530, and was succeeded by his eldest surviving son,

VIII. William, who held the lands of Carmichael direct from the Crown, having, in 1532, received a charter of the £20 land of Carmichael, the Overtown and Nethertown thereof (Reg. Mag. Sig., XXIV., 254).

IX. His son John obtained, in 1540, a charter of the same lands, united into the barony of Carmichael (Ibid, XXVII., 62). In 1555, he was engaged with the Somervilles in an attack upon Lindesay of Covington (Pit. Crim. Trials, I., 383*). He sat in

the Parliament of 1560, which confirmed and ratified the Confession of Faith (Act Parl., II., 525). In 1563, he, along with John, his son and heir-apparent, Archibald, his brother, and James Johnston of Westraw, were accused of "arte and part of convocation of our Sovereign Lord's lieges, to the number of a hundred persons, bodin in feir of weir, with jackis, speris, swordis, steel bonnetis, and other weapons, invasing, incontrair to the tenor of the Acts of Parliament, upon the 9th of the preceding November, upon Thomas Hamilton, officer of sheriffdom of Lanark, John Johnestone, son to the late Halbert Johnstone of Westraw, and John Wod of Stoniesyd, witnesses and assisters to him in furth setting of our Sovereign Ladie's authority at the Cruikbaitt, when the said officer was gangand and dryvand ten head of nolt, to have apprised them at the market-cross of Lanark, by reason that the water was great and they might not win the nearest way, and there masterfully reft the said gudes from the said officer, and therethrough deforced him in execution of his office; in token whereof, he broke his wand of peace upon them, and took witnesses thereupon. And incontinent set upon the said John Johnstone, Mr Archibald Hamilton, and John Wod, and invaded them for their slaughters; and cruelly hurt and wounded the, said John Johnstone with ane spear throw his right hand, and also hurt and wounded the said Mr Archibald with ane spear in his hench, and siclike hurt, and wounded the said John Wod in the backside of his head, and dememberit him of ane peece of his neise, wherethrough he wants the right use thereof, after he was tane and holden prisoner to them, and in divers other parts of their bodies, to the effusion of their blood in great quantity, and left the said Mr Archibald lying for dead; upon ald ffeid, sett purpose, provisione, and forthocht felony. And thereafter took the said John Johnestoun captive and prisoner with them to the place of Carmichael, pertaining to John Carmichael of that ilk, where he and they held him prisoner for the space of sixteen hours, and thereafter brought him to Lothian, where they held him for the space of five days, and syne, upon the 15th November, transported him again forth of Lothian to the place of Colbintown, pertaining to John

Lindesay of Colbintown, where he and they held him the space of three days; and last of all, upon the 19th of November, transported him furth of the said place to Carmichael, where the said Laird and they held him by the space of three days, usurpand therethrough our Soveraine Ladie's authority."

The accused pleaded "that na process may be led against them for the allegit taking and prisoning of John Johnestown, because no wrong was done to him thereby, by reason he was not at the time our Soveraine Ladie's free liegeman, but was then, and by the space of years of before, continually and then instanlie our Soveraine Ladie's rebel, and at her horn denuncit and put thereto be virtue of hir letters, in default of finding law burrows."

The advocate replied, "that at the time of the said horning, Johnstone was minor and of less age, nocht doli capax, and therefore it might not extend to prejudice him in this action, especially as for eight or ten years he was repute and holden our Soveraine Ladie's free liege."

"The accused were ordered to ward themselves upon the north side of the Spay within twenty days, and of their own consent undertook to remain and keep the said ward, and not to purchase our Soverane Ladie's licence to return forth of the same for the space of year and day without consent and avyse of my Lord, Duke of Chatelaralt, had and obtenit thereupon." James, Lord Somerville, became security that the Carmichaels "would enter at the next air of Lanark to underly the law" for the said crimes (Pit. Crim. Trials, I., 437). In the same year the laird of Carmichael was prolocutor for Patrick Hunter, and others, accused of the murder of Tweedie of Frude (Ibid, I., 426). He was one of the commanders of the Regent's horse at the battle of Langsyde in 1568 (Keith's Hist., II., 316). John Carmichael, elder, of that ilk, was, in 1674, appointed, along with Hew, Lord Somerville, Sir James Hamilton of Crawfordjohn, and Robert Lindesay of Durval, to assist the Sheriff of Lanark and his deputies in collecting the musters of the wapin shawings (Act Parl., III, 92). In the Douglas Peerage it is stated that he died about 1680; but in the records

of Parliament his son and successor is designated "the younger" at least five years later. It would appear that he was forfeited during the troubles in the early part of the reign of James VI. In 1584, the few meillis of Carmichael were annexed to the Crown, having fallen to it by reason of this forfeiture (Ibid, III., 348). Among the persons who were restored against their attainders, by Act of Parliament in 1585, the name of John Carmichael of that ilk occurs (Ibid, 383). He was succeeded by his eldest son,

X. Sir John Carmichael, who had, in 1569, the keeping of the castle of Wauchtone, which was "most awfully perseuit, assaultit, and assigit," by three hundred persons "bodin in feir of weir with feit and wagit suddartis" (hired soldiers), when one of the garrison was killed, and three wounded (Pit. Crim. Trials, I., 8). In 1573, he obtained charters of a tenement in Edinburgh, and of lands of Wray and Longherdmanstoun in Lothian (Reg. Mag. Sig., XXXIV., 2, 360). In 1576, he had another charter of the last of these in favour of himself, his wife, Margaret Douglas, sister of the Regent Morton, and their second son, James, with remainder to Hugh, their eldest (Ibid, XXXVI, 408). He and his son, Hugh, were, in 1581, found guilty of a treasonable conspiracy, "consulting and concluding by themselves and others in their names, of their cawsing, command assistance and ratihabitioun to apprehend and tak be force of arms the umquile James, sometyme Erle of Mortoun, after he was warded in the castle of Edinburgh, swa sone as they understude that he was to be transported frae the said ward to the castle of Dumbartane," for which purpose they assembled two hundred of their accomplices near the rocks of Braid, and of hiding and concealing the said conspiracy (Act Parl., III, 193, 199, 201, 203). They fled from the kingdom, and a sentence of forfeiture was pronounced in their absence. Both he and his son were again attainted and found guilty of treason and lese-majesty, in 1584, on account of their being engaged in the raid of Ruthven. On this occasion, also, they fled the country (Ibid, III, 306, 332, 336, 344, and Pit. Crim. Trials, I., 119). In 1585, he presented a petition to Parliament pray