Southorpe is a hamlet, so called from its relative situation to the town of Hornsea, as being the south thorpe or village, with respect to that place.

Hornsea Beck was a hamlet probably first established as a more convenient residence for those engaged in such maritime traffic and fishing as were carried on at Hornsea. "Several circumstances that might be mentioned if space permitted," says a local writer, "indicate that the most easterly and principal part of the hamlet stood about 500 or 600 yards east of the Marine Hotel."

Hornsea is noticed in ancient documents as a port. In the reign of Elizabeth there was a pier at Hornsea Beck, but before 1709 it was destroyed by the sea; and in that year an inquisition was held at Hornsea, to enquire concerning the waste of the manor, which was then in the Crown, by the sea. The jury found that since 1546, no less than 38 houses, and as many little closes adjoining, were decayed by the flowing of the sea in Hornsea Beck. The last of this place was wasted by the sea about a century ago.

LEVEN. According to Domesday, the manor of Lewene was given by Edward the Confessor, at the request of Aldred, Archbishop of York, to the Church of St. John of Beverley, and at the dissolution of that collegiate establishment, in the 1st of Edward VI. (1547), the manor became vested in the Crown. It afterwards passed through many hands, amongst whom were the Micklethwaite family. In 1736, to 1742, it appears in the name of the Duke of Portland; and in the latter year it passed, by purchase, to the family of Bethell. The soil now belongs to R. Bethell, Esq. (Lord of the Manor), Rev. G. Wray, W. Whitehead, Esq., John Spruce, Esq., and a number of smaller proprietors. The parish, including the township of Hempholme, covers an area of 4,837 acres, and contained, in 1851, 993 inhabitants. Rateable value, £5,094.; amount of assessed property, £6,352. The land is mostly copyhold, subject to arbitrary fines. The Township of Leven comprises 3,517 acres, and its population is 876 souls. The land has been improved by drainage, and is in profitable cultivation.

The Church is an ancient Rectory; before the dissolution it was in the patronage of the Collegiate Society of St. John of Beverley; but it is now vested in the present Rector, the Rev. George Wray, who purchased the advowson from the late Rector. The living is rated in the King's Books at £16. 13s. 4d., and returned at £1,190. per ann.

The Old Church (St. Faith) stood about a mile from the village, and consisted of a nave, chancel, and tower. The chancel only is now standing, the remainder of the edifice having been pulled down in 1844. The old churchyard is still used as the parish burying ground. The first stone of the

New Church (Holy Trinity) was laid near the centre of the village, on the 11th of July, 1843, by the Rev. R. I. Wilberforce, late Archdeacon of the East Riding, and it was consecrated on the 28th of May, 1845, the sermon on the occasion being preached by the Rev. Dr. Hook, of Leeds. The site of the building, and £500. towards its erection, were given by R. Bethell, Esq. It is a handsome Gothic edifice of stone, consisting of a nave, south aisle, and porch, chancel, and west tower. The vestry on the north side, and the end of the south aisle, are so constructed as to give the building a cruciform appearance. The aisle and nave are divided by four pointed arches, resting on three pillars; the chancel arch is very fine; and the chancel is fitted up with stalls, and contains a piscina. The east window is of three lights, and is filled with stained glass, and above it is a trefoil light, filled with the same elegant material. The other parts of the church are neatly furnished with open seats; there is a gallery at the west end. The lessons are read from a very neat lectern. The roofs are open to the timbers. The square font of granite is ancient. Over the inner door of the porch is the beautiful sculptured capital of an ancient cross, which was found in the old churchyard by the sexton, about two fect below the surface, when digging a grave, in 1836. One side represents the Crucifixion, with the figures of the Blessed Virgin and the Beloved Disciple; and the other, the Virgin and Child, with two other figures crowned.* The tower contains four bells. The yard adjoining this church is not yet consecrated.

At the enclosure of the carrs, in 1791, a yearly modus and 1364. 18. 33г. of land were given in lieu of tithes, but some portions of the old enclosure are still liable to the tithe impost. The glebe farm now consists of 3944. OR. 31P., and is a manor, of which the Rector for the time being is lord.

The Rectory House formerly stood nearly adjoining the old church; the

• About a mile south from Leven, at the junction of three roads, leading to Routh, Leven, and Riston, and opposite a white-washed house, with brick battlements, is the shaft of a stone cross, which is now called White Cross, and for which name it is doubtless indebted to the annual covering which it receives at the hands of the white-washer. The splendid piece of sculpture above mentioned is supposed to be the capital of this cross. The shaft, surmounted with this capital, would bear a close resemblance to the ancient cross of Ravenspurne or Kilnsea, and now at Hedon (See page 367), and it appears to be of the same age and style of that structure.

Crosses have been employed in almost every Christian age and country to commemorate battles, or other remarkable events or circumstances, or to mark the boundaries of property; and it is probable that this has been intended to record an event of some importance in the estimation of its founders. The decapitation of crosses, to use the words of Mr. Poulson, "was a common act of barbarity, with the destruction of monu. mental brasses, &c., at the time of the Reformation."

present Rectory is situated at the west end of the village, and is a large handsome building, with extensive pleasure grounds, shrubberies, and plantations. The house has been greatly enlarged by the present Rector.

The Village, which is large and well built, is pleasantly situated on the road from Beverley to Bridlington, about 6+ miles N.E. from the former town. A Canal from the river Hull to Leven, 34 miles in length, was cut at the expense of the late Mrs. Charlotta Bethell, of Rise (and now the property of Richard Bethell, Esq.), under Acts passed in the 41st and 45th of Geo. III., and opened in 1802. It is navigable for vessels of about 60 tons burden, and it has a considerable traffic in corn, lime, coals, &c. At the head of the canal, near the large and comfortable New Inn, kept by Mr. Richard Sanders, is a commodious wharf, and the warehouses, &c., of Mr. Hugh Wm. Jackson, corn merchant, &c.

The Wesleyan Methodists have a chapel here, which was erected in 1816, and enlarged in 1835; and the Primitive Methodists have a small chapel, built in 1836. The School, which is well attended, is partly supported by voluntary contributions. There is a Village Library, or Book Club, held at the house of Mr. Frederick Winter, Hare and Hounds Inn. A few years ago an ancient brass spear was found in a drain near the village. It may be considered worth recording that so numerous have the sparrows become of late in this district, to the great destruction of the barley and wheat crops, that the farmers and gentlemen offered premiums to individuals who would kill the greatest number of these little pilferers. Consequently, during the past two years nearly 9,000 sparrows have been destroyed here.

The Petty Sessions House, containing a lock-up, magistrates' room, &c., is a neat brick building, erected in 1852. The magistrates of the north division of Holderness hold their sessions here every alternate Thursday.

Leven Hall Garth, situated near the old church, is occupied by a farmer. Leven Carr extends to the river Hull and contains seven houses, the chief of which are Aike Dale House and farm, in the possession of Mr. Geo. Runton, and Linley Hill, the residence of Mr. William Harper, farmer.

Hempholme Township, according to the Parliamentary returns, contains 1,320 acres, and 117 inhabitants. It consists of several scattered houses, extending from 2 to 4 miles N.N.W. of Leven, and comprises the hamlets of Hempholme, Hayholme, and Hallitreeholme. The Saxon Holme, as we have observed at page 263, was a grassy place on the bank of a river, or a place surrounded with water. This would be descriptive of the three Holmes just mentioned, before the carrs were drained. Hempholme reverted to the Crown at the dissolution of religious houses, and about 800 acres there con

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tinues in the Crown to the present time. The family of Bethell held it by lease. There was formerly a Swannery here, and Mr. W. Bethell was the King's swanner, and held a Swannery Court at Hempholme. The principal house in Hempholme is the residence of Mr. Isaac Kemp, farmer, which is situated on a hill, and commands an extensive prospect of the carrs.

Hayholme, or Heighholme, consists of about 300 acres, and is the property and residence of John Bainton Harrison, Esq. In the reign of Henry III., Hayholme was taken out of the manor of Leven, and given to the Abbey of Meaux, by Wm. le Gros. Rt. de Scures gave the monks a carucate of land, viz., the whole Holme between Leven and Busthill, where the Abbey Grange was built, called Hayholme Grange. This grant was confirmed. by William his brother and heir, and by Hawise, daughter of Wm. le Gros, and the Abbot was released of all foreign service to the King, or the Earl of Albemarle, and also acquitted of Castle ward, at Skipsea. In 1214, Herbert St. Quintin. gave the Abbey license to make a dyke, 20ft. wide, through the bounds in the marsh between Burton and Hayholme, and that the monks might lay their earth on each side of the dyke, and the water to their own use to fish in, and carry on it what was necessary. In 1243, Fulco de Basset gave the monks a gate and a pathway from their Grange in Hayholme to Leven, as they had in the time of his ancestors; and he also assigned them a roadway, through the middle of the town of Leven, up to the church. After the dissolution the property of the monks at Hayholme (about 200 acres) was granted to Sir Andrew Noel, Knt., of Dalby, Leicestershire, and it continued in that family for several generations. The house of the Noels is ancient, and moated round. Hayholme Hall, the residence of Mr. Harrison, is a commodious erection of modern date.

Hallitreeholme, or Holly-tree-holm, consists of one farm of 164 acres. Before the Reformation it belonged to the Priory of Bridlington, and there was a Chapel here, dedicated to St. Nicholas, and endowed with lands and fisheries in the neighbourhood. In the reign of Elizabeth, the Hollytreeholme was granted to the family of Bethell for a term of 999 years, and it is now the property of Richard Bethell, Esq., of Rise.

Weadland, which consists of about 100 acres of land, belongs to Mr. Harrison, of Hayholme.

LONG RISTON.-Soon after the Domesday Survey the De Scures were lords of Riston. It subsequently passed by marriage to the family of Hildyard, and afterwards to that of Nuthill; and it has been in the possession of the Bethell family many years. The lordship, which comprises a part of the township of Arnold, contains 3,490 acres, of the rateable value of £3,085.

Population of Riston in 1851, 316 souls; and that of the whole of Arnold, 192. The inhabitants of as much of Arnold as is situated in Riston parish, number 84. The surface is chiefly level, the soil, a strong clay, and there is some ornamental wood. The chief landowners are Richard Bethell, Esq. (Lord of the Manor), John Jackson, Esq., and Hugh Wm. Jackson, Esq.

The Living is a Rectory, and is held with Hornsea, as already stated. At the enclosure, in 1772, about 160 acres of land, and a yearly modus, were awarded in lieu of tithes.

The Church (St. Margaret) is a small plain edifice, situated some distance west of the village, and consists of a nave, chancel, tower, and porch. The east window is pointed, and of three lights, but most of the other windows of the church are square-headed and small. On the north side of the chancel are indications of an arch of communication to a chantry chapel. The chancel arch is low and pointed, and both the chancel and nave are open to the rafters. There is a gallery for the singers at the west end. Two elder trees, growing on each side of the porch, give it a slight picturesque effect.

The Village, as its name implies, is long and scattered, and stands pleasantly on a gentle eminence, about 64 miles E.N.E. of Beverley. There are a few good farm houses in it. The present Rectory House was built about three years ago, by R. Bethell, Esq. It is a neat brick building. The Manor House, a handsome brick structure, standing a little south of the church, is occupied by Mr. James Hall, farmer. The School is partly supported by an endowment of £12. per ann., left by Mr. Peter Neville, in 1807. He also left certain rents to be applied in keeping the church in repair.

Riston Grange, the property and residence of John Jackson, Esq., is a large commodious brick house, erected, in 1773, by Mr. Neville, the then owner of the property attached to it, and it is sometimes called Neville Grange.

There are some elevations in this parish, called, respectively, Farmton, or Farnton Hill, the Woof Hills, the Rye Hills, and Coney Garths. The latter was an ancient enclosure at the edge of the carrs, and rises very suddenly to about 20 or 25 feet above the low grounds. At the enclosure it is said to have appeared to have had some buildings upon it.

Arnold is a hamlet, partly in Long Riston, and partly in Swine, parish. It contains about 2,000 acres, of which 560 acres are in the latter parish. The population is given above. Mr. Bethell, of Rise, and Capt. Whitaker, of Kirk-Ella, are the principal proprietors. Arnold Wood House is the property of the latter gentleman. The Hamlet is nearly a mile south of Long Riston. The Independent Chapel here was rebuilt in 1887, and a Primitive Methodist Chapel was erected in 1836.