be the site of an ancient residence. About 30 yards from the outer bank, on the east side, there is a broad bank, about six feet above the level of the adjoining lands, which suggests the idea of a causeway having formed an approach to this dwelling, which would be entirely insulated.

Burshill Hamlet, consisting of three or four farm houses and a few cottages, is situated on a hill that branches from the Barfe, on the edge of which are some evergreen, oak, and ash trees.

High and Low Baswick, or Bastwick, consist of two farm houses. At Bastwick Steer is a ferry, and a place for shipping corn.

CATWICK. This parish contains 1,650 acres, and 206 inhabitants, and its rateable value is £2,051. The lordship has been held by the family of Bethell, of Rise, for many years, and the principal proprietors of the soil at present are Richard Bethell, Esq. (Lord of the Manor), Lady Strickland, of Wassand, and Messrs. W. R. Park and G. Gibson. The patronage of the Rectory was in the Priory of Pomfret before the Reformation, but since then it has continued in the Crown. It is valued in the Kings Books at £10. Os. 5d., and is now worth £149. nett. Rector, Rev. Thomas George Kidd.

The tithes were commuted at the enclosure.

The Church (St. Michael) is a small Gothic structure, comprising a nave, small transepts, and chancel, with an embattled tower at the west end, and a small porch on the south side. The nave has square-headed windows, the transepts pointed windows, but the chancel has common sash windows. Within the porch is a circular arched doorway. The interior is neat. The transepts were probably chantry chapels. The font is a modern pedestal. The church was repaired in 1842. The Rectory House is commodious.

The Village is neat but small, and stands about 8 miles N.E. from Beverley, and 5 S.W. from Hornsea. The neighbourhood is undulating, and the quantity of wood growing in the hedge-rows gives the place a pleasant appearance. Catwick Hall, the residence of Mr. Wm. Rt. Park, is a good building. The Manor House is now a modern farmhouse, and near is an excellent spring of water, called the Lady Well. The Wesleyans and Primitive Methodists have each a small chapel here. The School is endowed with the interest of £20., left by Mrs. Hannah Smith, in 1792. The poor parishioners have £2. 10s. per ann., the interest of £50., left by the Rev. James Young, Rector of Catwick, who died in 1768; an annual rent charge of £2. 12s. 6d., left by Mrs. Mary Young, who died in 1786; and 25s. 6d., as interest of £25. 10s., left by two donors, and now called town stock.

NORTH FRODINGHAM.-In the Domesday Book this place is called Fotingham, but in later records it is spelt Frothingham. The area of the parish is

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2,880 acres, and the number of its inhabitants in 1851 was 846. Rateable value, £1,582.; amount of assessed property, £3,660. The soil is a strong clay, and the surface level, with the exception of occasional remarkable diluvial elevations, formed of sand and gravel, and locally called Barfes. The chief landowners are Philip Saltmarsh, Esq., Jonathan Harrison, Esq., Richard Bethell, Esq. (Lord of the Manor), William C. Harrison, Esq., and John Bainton Harrison, Esq.

The Living is a Discharged Vicarage, rated at £5., endowed with a rent charge of £20. per ann., left by the Rev. C. Blakestone, in 1726, and £400. from the Governors of Queen Anne's Bounty, and returned at £170. The Rev. S. King is the patron, and the Rev. T. Mortlock incumbent. P. Saltmarsh, Esq., is the lay impropriator. There is no Vicarage House belonging to this living. The Church (St. Elgin) stands on elevated ground, and is an ancient edifice, consisting of a nave, north aisle, chancel, south porch, and west embattled tower. The latter appendage is lofty, and exhibits some good masonry, and on the west buttress is this inscription:--"The bottom bed of this stone was 15 feet 11 inches above the offset of the west abutment of Frodingham Bridge when levelled, 15th Sep., 1815." The church is now disfigured with several sash windows. The roof was formerly much higher. The chancel seems to have been built partly with the remains of an older building, and sea cobbles; on its south side is a Norman doorway. The tower contains three bells. Four pointed arches, resting on octagon pillars, separate the aisle from the nave; a gallery at the west end was erected in 1786, and the church was much disfigured by churchwardens' repairs in 1816; in the chancel is a piscina with a semicircular head.

The Village is large and well built, and is situated about half a mile eastward from the navigable river Hull, over which is a bridge. It is about 5 miles S.E. by E. of Great Driffield. Frodingham had formerly the privilege of a weekly market, but its ancient charter was transferred to Great Driffield about a century ago, in consequence of the superior locality of that town for the purposes of trade. The old market cross was thrown down and destroyed by the workmen employed in excavating the Barmston and Beverley drain. It stood higher than the present cross, and its figures and ornaments were much after the manner of that at Brandesburton. The new cross was erected in 1811, and is of modern workmanship, except the stone in which the shaft is inserted, which is elevated on three steps. Fairs are still held here on July 10th and October 2nd for toys and pedlery. There are places of worship here for Wesleyans, Independents, and Primitive Methodists.

The National School was built in 1845. The Mechanics' Institute and Library, established in 1850, is in a very prosperous state.

Frodingham Bridge, which was erected in 1826, has a leaf that opens for the passage of vessels. The old bridge would not allow a vessel to pass under it that had not the means of lowering her masts. Within the last 80 years there was no other bridge over the Hull than a wooden one for foot passengers; the river was forded by horses and cattle. Near the bridge is a landing place, and several warehouses, coal yards, &c. On the cleaning out the canal at the bridge, it was ascertained the carrs or moors were more than 20 feet below it.

Celts have been found in the carrs, and urns dug up in those towards Beeford. A silver coin of Edward the Confessor was found on the glebe farm (now in the occupation of Mr. Wm. Wise), in digging a well, in 1833; and in a brick yard, called Vicarage Close, many human bones have been dug up, from which it is supposed to have been part of the church burial ground. The Manor House stands in the village, and is now the residence of Mr. Drinkrow. It was rebuilt about 35 years ago, on the ground which the former building occupied.

Frodingham Grange, now occupied by Mr. Thos. Reynolds, is a good farm of 411 acres, allotted for the great tithes. Mr. Saltmarsh is its owner; and Field House farm is the property of Mr. Joseph Shepherd, of Dringhoe, and in the occupation of his grandson of the same name.

The parish has the interest of £30. for the education of poor children; £25. of this sum was left by the Rev. S. Hunter, and the additional £5. is the accumulation of interest during four years, when there was no schoolmaster here. They have also the interest of £10., left by Francis Smith, in 1812, for the distribution of bread.

Emmotland Hamlet, about one mile south of Frodingham, consists of two farms, belonging to William C. Harrison, Esq. The river Hull used to flow a foot here, and this was formerly the landing place for goods brought by vessels before the river was made navigable to Frodingham Bridge. Before the drainage the carrs were six feet deep in water, and a boat might have sailed over them from hence to Beverley. A swannery once existed at Emmotland. The soil hereabouts is composed of vegetable matter from 3 to 4 feet deep, when the clay commences. Great quantities of wood are taken from the carrs in the neighbourhood, and some 16 or 18 years ago a piece was dug up, measuring 60ft. in length, with branches 17 inches in diameter; it was partly sawn through. (See page 304.)

The Hoe Hills join the barfe at an opening or lower sweep in the range. Coneys Garth Hill is a sandy gravel, upon which is a farmstead, belonging

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The Old Hoo watercourse, which has been already alluded to at page 401, is now dry. Formerly the Hoo was rendered available for smuggling, by means of flat-bottomed boats, in which the farmers used to bring down their produce to Frodingham market, this produce serving as a covering to the smuggled goods.

GOXHILL. At an early period this place, which was anciently called Gousle, gave name to a family whose estate passed by marriage to the Dispenser's. The Lellies afterwards possessed the property, and it came to the Constables, of Wassand, by marriage of Marmaduke Constable with the daughter and heiress of Robert Stokes, Esq., of this place; she died in 1560. Lady Strickland, daughter of the Rev. Charles Constable, is the present possessor of the manor, which is co-extensive with the parish. The area of the parish is 831 acres; population, 58; amount of assessed property, £1,679.

The Living is a Discharged Rectory, rated at £8., and now worth £284. per annum. Patron, Lady Strickland; Rector, Rev. C. Forge. The tithes were commuted in 1839. The Church (St. Giles) is a small structure, situated on an eminence, embosomed in lofty trees, and was nearly all rebuilt in 1788. It has some remains of Norman architecture introduced into it, and consists of a small nave and chancel, with a square tower. The chancel is nearly as long as the nave, but much lower. On the south side of the nave is a Norman doorway, of unusual dimensions for such a building, and in the same wall are two modern circular-headed windows, with wooden frames! The interior is plain; the arch to the chancel is low, and circularheaded; the seats and pews are unpainted; the reading desk is slightly clevated, and there is no pulpit. In the north wall of the chancel is a large fire-place, and grate in it, the chimney running up and terminating outside. The ceiling of the chancel is not higher than a common sitting parlour; and indeed the whole edifice has been so tastelessly modernised, as scarcely to leave any remains of its former beauty. A beautiful trefoil-headed piscina is placed against the west wall of the nave, and above it, on a bracket, is a coroneted head of the Blessed Virgin. There was a chantry founded at the altar of St. Mary in this church, by Master John de Goxhill, Vicar of Scarborough, but there are no remains of it now in existence, except, perhaps, the just-noticed sculptured head of the Virgin, which is certainly not in its original position. The font, which is of the 11th century, lies broken in a corner of the nave. It has different designs of interlaced work round it. Many of the Constables, of Wassand, are buried in this church, and there is an old tombstone in the floor of the chancel, to the memory of Johannes Uxor Radulphi de Lellay. It exhibits, in bas relief, a lady under an elegant canopy, with her hands joined in prayer. Against the south-east corner of the chancel, in the churchyard, is placed upright a broken figure, in a praying attitude, which was once recumbent. There is but one headstone in the churchyard, and that was lately erected.

The Village is small, and stands about three miles S.S.W. of Hornsea.

HORNSEA.

It is not known with certainty how the name of this place is derived. In the Domesday Survey it is called Horness the curved promontory and as a part of Hornsea, called Hornsea Beck, formerly projected into the sea, it has been suggested that its name was originally expressive of its situation a horn of the sea. But Mr. Poulson remarks that if this supposition has any weight, it would be equally applicable to Chilnesse (Kilnsea), Witfornesse (Withornsea), &c. It is observable that in another part of Domesday, Hornsea is written Hornessei; and Withernsea, Widfornessei. It is probable that the name has reference to the lake or mere, for, as we have seen at p. 304, the word sea, as in Hornsea, is synonimous with mere.

Before the Conquest, Morcar, the Saxon Earl of Northumbria, and Governor of York was the owner of this place, but Wm. the Conqueror, granted it to Odo, the Norman Earl of Champaigne, and Lord of the Seigniory. This Odo, with the consent of Stephen, his son, gave the manor, with the church and mere of Hornsea, to the Abbey of St. Mary at York, and they continued in the possession of that establishment until the dissolution. In the reign of Henry III. the Abbot had a grant of a market here, which is yet extant, but the market has fallen into desuetude within the last 50 or 60 years. The Abbot had also the grant of two fairs, which are still held here. After the Reformation this manor was frequently in the hands of the Crown; and the families of Moore and Acklome, or Acklam, were amongst the former possessors of it. In 1674, Sir Hugh Bethell, Kut., and Slingsby Bethell, Esq., were Lords of the Manor; in 1679, the court was called in the name of the latter only, and thus continued to be kept until 1684, when Peter Acklam, jun., gent., occurs as Lord of the Manor. The manor continued in the Acklam family until 1760, when, for the first time, this court was called in the name of Wm. Bethell, Esq., and has continued in that family till the present day, Richard Bethell, Esq., of Rise, being the present Lord of the Manor. Mr. Bethell and Lady Strickland, of Wassand, are the chief proprietors of the soil. Area of Hornsea with Burton 3,160 acres; rateable value, £5,964.; assessed property, £5,012.; population in 1851, 945 souls.