Courtney. Storkhill, called in Domesday, Estorch, lies on the north side of the road to Holderness, about 14 miles N.E. from Beverley, and Sandholme on the south side, the river Hull forming the boundary of the township on the north side. Storkhill consists of a good farm house, a public house, and a few cottages; and Sandholme of half-a-dozen cottages. Rateable value £523.; amount of assessed property £725.; population 61 souls.

TICKTON-CUM-HULL BRIDGE.-Tickton and Estorch, on both sides of the river Hull, belonged to the Archbishop at the time of the Domesday Survey. In the reign of Henry VI. there was a gentleman's seat in this township, called Smith's Place, which during the civil wars was converted into a military station, and was for some time occupied by a garrison of the King's troops. (See page 214.) This township is entered by a stone bridge of one fine arch, crossing the river Hull. When Leland made his "Iter." into the north, in 1538, "Frodingham Bridge, of tymbre, was," as he says, "the only bridge on Hull water," and hence it may be concluded that there was no bridge across the Hull at Tickton. There had anciently been a bridge across that part of the river, which was broken down in the 48th of Henry III. (1264), under the following circumstances : -The people of Holderness having refused to furnish men and horses for the expedition of Prince Edward into Scotland, and having also disobeyed a summons to meet him at York on his return, the affair was brought before the Parliament then holding in London, when, by the advice of the nobles there present, seven Barons, with horses and arms, and a considerable force, were sent to make prisoners of all the rebels, without distinction of rank, and to confiscate their property. The men of Holderness, and all belonging to that part of the country, assembled together, broke down the bridge over the river Hull, and having taken possession of the grange at Sutton, belonging to the monks of Meaux, they kept watch and ward for two nights on the banks of the river, lest the Barons, whose head quarters were at Cottingham, should effect a passage across it. (Lib. Melse, folio 177.) Hull Bridge was repaired from time to time by the Corporation of Beverley, until given up by them to the Commissioners of the Driffield navigation; by which Commissioners the same was rebuilt, and is now kept in repair; and in consideration thereof, they now receive the tolls for vessels passing under the bridge, formerly payable to the Corporation. This was mutually agreed to, in consequence of the Commissioners complaining of the lowness of the arch of the bridge, which occasioned loss to their trade upon the river. The area of the township is 700 acres, chiefly the property of William Watt, Esq., John Williams, Esq., and E. W. Smith, Esq. The population of Tickton is 197, and that of Hull Bridge, 77. Rateable value of the whole, £1,673. Tithes commuted in 1790.

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The Village of Tickton is situated about 24 miles N.E. of Beverley, and the neat hamlet of Hull Bridge is about half a mile nearer to Beverley. A small, but very neat Church, or Chapel of Ease to the Minster, was built, and dedicated to St. Paul, in 1844, at a cost of about £850., raised by subscription. It is of stone, and in the ecclesiastical style of architecture, and will seat about 150 persons. Here is also a small Wesleyan Chapel, erected in 1828; and a National School, built in 1848, by subscription, aided by a grant from the National Society.

Near the village is Tickton Grange, a good mansion, pleasantly situated, the property of William Watt, Esq.

Hull Bridge hamlet consists of the residence of Mr. John Stephenson, a good respectable inn, and the commodious wharf, and extensive linseed and bone crushing steam mills of Messrs. R. Stephenson and Son, together with some cottages. Tickton Hall, the seat of Edward William Smith, Esq., is a handsome modern mansion, within a short distance of the bridge. It is built of brick, with stone quoins, and is in the Elizabethan style of architecture, with several gables. The original design of the building was from the pencil of Miss Brereton, of Beverley, but it was subsequently altered in some particulars. Before the Reformation there was a Chantry Chapel at Hull Bridge.

WEEL. This place also lies on the east bank of the river Hull, and adjoins the last-mentioned township. Like the foregoing places, it belonged to the Church of St. John of Beverley, at the Norman Conquest. The area of the township is 1,150 acres; population in 1851, 135; rateable value, £1,677.; amount of assessed property, £1,640. The chief proprietors of the soil are the Corporation of Beverley and Mrs. Westoby, of the same place. The Village, which consists of a few farm houses and several cottages, is situated about two miles east of Beverley.

Grovehill is a hamlet, on the west side of the river Hull (in the parish of St. Nicholas), about 14 mile east of Beverley. It was anciently called Grovall, or Groveale, and is reputed to have been the landing place of the Romans, when they forced their vessels up the river Hull, to penetrate into this part of the province of Deira. Before Beverley Beck was cut, it was certainly the landing place of goods or merchandise coming by the river Hull to Beverley. Leland's Collectanea says, "Grovehill has now ceased to be used as a landing place, and is at present occupied as a ship yard." Shipbuilding has been extensively carried on here, and vessels of several hundred tons burden have been launched from this place. The Isabella, one of the discovery ships, was built here. There is still a yard here for building small vessels or sloops. A water mill was erected here, at a place called Mylne Beck, which belonged to the Provost of Beverley. The hamlet now consists of Grove House, a handsome square mansion, built by the late Mr. P. Tigar; the extensive premises for the manufacture of chemical manures for agricultural purposes (formerly used as paint and colour works); the neat residence and very fine wind and steam flour mills of Mr. Josiah Crathorne; a public house, and several cottages.

THEARNE. This township and hamlet lies on the west bank of the river Hull, about three miles S.S.E. of Beverley, and contains 740 acres, formerly held by the Earl of Yarborough, who sold it tithe free to various proprietors. Here was anciently a Chapel or Chantry, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin. The rateable value of the township is £884.; amount of assessed property, £1,445; population in 1851, 99 souls. Thearne Hall is the residence of George Barkworth, Esq.

WOODMANSEY-CUM-BEVERLEY PARK. This township is situated on the south side of Beverley; its area is 2,820 acres; amount of assessed property, £7,144.; rateable value, £7,582.; and in 1851 there were 200 persons in Woodmansey, and 241 in Beverley Park. The principal landowners are F. Watt, Esq., William Bainton, Esq., of Beverley Park, and Thomas Denton, Esq., of Beverley, but there are several other proprietors.

Woodmansey, or Woodmansea, is a neat village, situated on the road from Beverley to Hull, about one mile S.E. of the former town. Adjoining the residence of Mr. G. Sumner (a gentleman who possesses a goodly collection of antiquities), is the entrance doorway of the ancient Hanshus, or Guild Hall of Beverley. (See p. 283.) Here is a small building, with pointed windows, built and used for some time as a Church Methodist Chapel; and afterwards licensed for the celebration of the service of the Church of England. About midway between Woodmansey and Thearne, has just been completed a National School for the children of both of these places. Adjoining the school is the residence of the schoolmaster, and the whole is built of red brick, with white brick quoins. The school is in the Early English style, and the residence mostly in the Tudor. The cost of the buildings, about £800., was raised by subscription, aided by a government grant. A piece of ground, upon which to erect the buildings, was given by John Dixon, Esq., the Lord of the Manor, but this was afterwards exchanged for a more eligible site with Thomas Denton, Esq. The school room is about to be licensed by the Archbishop for Divine service, after which the use of the above-mentioned chapel at Woodmansey will be discontinued. Beverley Park was the property of the Archbishops of York, "from the time whereof memory is not,"

and here they doubtless had a Palace, though there is no direct allusion to it in any of the town's records. The author of Beverlac thinks that the latter fact is conclusive respecting the non-existence of a Palace here; but Mr. Oliver is of opinion that the Archbishops had an occasional residence in the Park; and it is recorded that Archbishop Murdac resided at Beverley for some years. The mansion of the Archbishops, according to Oliver, "was subsequently the abode of the Wartons' family;" but however probable this may be, it is by no means certain. The manor of Beverley Water Towns, including Beverley Park, continued in the possession of the See of York until 1545, when Archbishop Holdgate granted it to Henry VIII. In the next year an Act was passed for the annexing of certain lands to the Duchy of Lancaster, exchanged between the King, the Archbishops of Canterbury and York, and the Bishop of London. By this Act the exchanges were confirmed, and the King was afterwards in receipt of the rents and profits of the lordship and manor of Beverley, with the Water Towns.

By letters patent dated Charles I., an indenture is recited 14th James I., setting forth that the premises had been devised to Robert Earl of Leicester, and were leased by him for ninety-nine years, to Sir Francis Bacon, Knt., Thomas Murray, Esq., Sir John Dascomb, Sir James Fullerton, and Thomas Trevor. The same letters patent also recite an indenture made in the year preceding their date, from the three last-named parties then surviving, to Michael Warton, Esq., of the said lordship and manor of Beverley, and all the said Water Towns there, for the residue of the said term of ninety-nine years. The same letters ratify and confirm the lease and assignment, and further, in consideration of the sum of £3,593. 11s. 8d., paid by the said Michael Warton, give and grant the said manor, premises, &c., to the said Michael Warton, and his heirs for ever. The noble mansion of the Warton family was pulled down many years ago, and, according to some, the materials were used in the construction of the row of houses near the North Bar, in Beverley, called the Bar Houses. A part of the old house, supposed to have been the servants' hall, and other offices, is now converted into a farm house; and a portion of the garden walls and stable are still standing. The park of Beverley, commonly termed Beverley Parks, has been sold to various individuals, most of the wood has been felled, and it is now divided into about a dozen farms. On the Queensgate, or Hessle Road, are two excellent chalk quarries, of which the best whiting is made, and imbedded in the stone are found the fossil impressions of shells, bones, &c.

Hall Garth, the Manor House of the Manor of Beverley Water Towns, is noticed at page 225.

Seigniory of Holderness.

"Lordings, there is in Yorkshire, as I gesse

A mersh contree ycalled Holdernesse." -CHAUCER.

We have already observed at page 42, vol. i., that the ancient British inhabitants of the district between the Humber and the Tyne, were the Brigantes, and that the tribe called the Parisi occupied the present East Riding. But the district inhabited by the latter tribe, as described in the most ancient maps, is that portion of the East Riding known at the present day by the name of Holderness; and some good authorities are of opinion that this tribe was confined to that small tract of country. The Parisi, or Parisii, are supposed by Baxter to have derived their name from their occupation as shepherds; but others are of opinion that they were so named rather from the nature of the situation in which they dwelt, than from their occupation. The French etymology of Paris, Parisii, and Parisiacii, is "from the watery site or feature; they may be derived from the Gaelic Isis, a stream, water, or sea; par, a district-Par Isis." There is no doubt that in the time of the ancient Britons, and of the Romans, many, if not the whole, of the low lands in the district were overflowed by the waters of the Humber, and subsequently by the natural waters of the country, after the Humber was embanked.

Holderness, the present name of the district, is derived from the watery or marshy nature of the place, for, as we have seen at page 1 of this vol., Hol is Gaelic for water; Der is water, stream, &c.; and from its running out into the sea like a nose, the inhabitants are said to have added the termination ness, and called the district Hol-der-ness. It is obvious that if the waters of the Humber were not at present confined by high banks, the expanse of water at every flux of the tide would cover thousands of acres of land in the East Riding, and in a great degree insulate the higher and eastern parts of Holderness. Before the Humber banks were made, in the townships of Southcoates, Marfleet, and Preston, it is probable that the waters of the Humber extended through the low grounds of Sutton, Swine, and many other townships northwards towards the source of the river Hull. Leland tells us that Hedon was once insulated by sea creeks, and when that was so, it is probable that the low grounds or carrs on the western side of Holderness were covered with the waters of the Humber, at spring tides, very far towards Frodingham Bridge. But this state of things has entirely disappeared before the system of draining and embanking, which has been so successfully introduced into the district.