the earth's axis. Which is the South Pole ? CIRCLES. What is the EQUATOR? PARALLELS. A great circle on the earth's surface, everywhere equally distant from the poles. What are PARALLELS? They are circles on the earth's surface parallel to the equator.. What does parallel mean? Extending in the same direction. PARALLEL LINES. What are the TROPICS? They are two parallels, one north, the other south, of the equator, at a That at the southern extremity of little more than a quarter of the dis the earth's axis. tance from the equator to the poles. LESSON 8. CLIMATE, ZONES, AND SEASONS. To what does CLIMATE relate? To the temperature of countries. Is the climate in all parts of the world the same? No, it varies greatly; being hottest at the equator, and coldest at the poles. How is this difference of climate shown on maps? By the Zones. What are the ZONES ? Divisions of the earth's surface, formed by the Tropics and Polar Circles. How many Zones are there, and what are their names? There are five: the Torrid, North Temperate, South Temperate, North Frigid, and South Frigid. Where is the Torrid Zone? Between the Tropics. What of its climate and seasons? Its climate is hot, and it has a wet and a dry season. Where is the North Temperate Zone? Between the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle. Where is the South Temperate Zone? Between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle. What are the seasons in the Temperate Zones ? Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Winter. What difference is there in the seasons of the North and South Temperate Zones ? They are opposite; when it is Sum- Where is the South Frigid Zone ? What are the seasons of the Frigid Zone? A long and severe Winter, and a short Summer. What is the climate of the Frigid Zone? It is always cold, even in Summer. H P Between what circles is the greater part of North America, Europe, and Asia? In what zone are these portions? Between what circles is the southern part of North America and the northern part of South America? Between what circles is the greater part of Africa, the southern part of Asia, and the northern part of Australia? In what zone are these parts? Between what circles are the southern parts of South America, Africa, and Australia? In what zone are they? In what zone is the northern part of North America? In what zone is the north part of Europe and Asia? N. F-d. LESSON 9. DEFINITIONS DIFFERENTLY STATED. The following condensed statement of the preceding Definitions is inserted as a convenient form for review. It may be employed, at the option of the teacher, as a topical exercise, or in recitations by question and answer. The SOUTH POLE is at-the southern extremity of the earth's axis. The Earth has two motions:-it turns on its axis once a day, and revolves round the sun once a year. The daily motion of the Earth causes-Day and Night. The yearly motion causes—the change of Seasons. LESSON 10. The CIRCLES of the Earth are-the Equator, the Tropics, the Polar Circles, Parallels, and Meridians. The EQUATOR is—a great circle on the earth's surface, everywhere equally distant from the poles. The PARALLELS are-circles on the earth's surface parallel to the Equator. The TROPICS are two parallels drawn, one on GEOGRAPHY is—a description of the earth's the north and the other on the south side of the Equator, at a little more than a quarter of the distance from the Equator to the poles. The POLAR CIRCLES are two parallels situated near the poles. MERIDIAN CIRCLES are great circles which extend north and south round the globe. A MERIDIAN, or MERIDIAN LINE, is-that part of a meridian circle which extends from one pole to the other. LATITUDE is-distance from the Equator, north or south. Latitude is reckoned from-the Equator. LONGITUDE is-distance east or west from a given meridian. Longitude is reckoned from-the meridian which passes through Greenwich, near London. The ZONES are-divisions of the earth's surface formed by the Tropics and Polar Circles. The names given to the Zones are—the Torrid, The NORTH POLE is at the northern extremity North Temperate, South Temperate, North Frigid, of the earth's axis. and South Frigid. |