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What two countries southwest of France? S-n, P-1. What islands north of the Engʻlish Channel? B-h. What two countries in the largest of the Brit'ish Isles? E-d, S-d.

What large island west of England? I-d.

ISLANDS.-What group of islands belonging to Den'mark, southeast of Iceland? F-e (faro).

What two groups of islands belonging to Great Brit'ain, north of Scotland? S-d, O-y. What group, west of Scotland? H-s. What islands east of Spain? B-c (bal-e-arʻik). What two islands west of It'aly? C-a, S-a. What island southwest of It'aly? S-y. What group of islands west of Greece? I-n. What island south of Greece?

C-a.

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What sea between Swe'den and Rus'sia? B-c.
What two gulfs connect with the Bal'tic? B-a, F-d.
What sea east of England and Scotland? N-h.
What bay west of France? B-y.

What sea between It'aly and Turkey? A-c.
What, between Tur'key in A'sia and Greece? A-o.
What sea south of Rus'sia? B-k.

What, between the Black Sea and the Archipelago? M-a.

What sea north of the Black Sea? A-f.

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What strait between It'aly and Sic'ily? M-a.
What connects the Adriat'ic and Mediterranean? O-o.

RIVERS AND LAKES.-What river forms part of the boundary between Swe'den and Rus'sia? T-a.

What river flows north into the White Sea? D-a. What river, the largest in Europe, flows southeast into the Caspian Sea? V-a.

What, flowing south into the Sea of Az'of? D-n. What, into the Black Sea? D-r.

What river between Rus'sia and Turkey? P-h. What river flows east through Aus'tria and Turkey into the Black Sea? D-e.

What river flows east through the northern part of It'aly into the Adriatic Sea? P.

What river in France empties into the Mediterra'nean Sea? R-e.

What two rivers, in Spain and Port'ugal, empty into the Atlantic? D-o, T-s.

What is the course of these rivers?

What river in France empties into the English Channel? S-e.

What two rivers flow into the North Sea? R-e, E-e. What river flows into the Baltic Sea? V-a. What two lakes in the northern part of Rus'sia? O-a, L-a.

CITIES AND TOWNS.-What town in the southern part of Nor'way? C-a (kris-te-ah'ne-ah).

What, the capital of Swe'den near the Bal'tic? S-m. What city, the capital of Rus'sia, near the head of the Gulf of Finland? St. P-g.

What is the capital of Prus'sia? B-n.
What is the capital of Den'mark? C-n.
What is the capital of Holland? H-e.
What is the capital of Belgium? B-s.
What is the capital of Great Britain? L-n.
What city in Scotland? E-h (ed'in-bur-reh).
What city in Ireland? D-n.

What city on the Seine is the capital of France? P-s.
What is the capital of Spain? M-d.

What city at the mouth of the Ta'gus is the capital of Port'ugal? L-n.

What large city in It'aly? R-e.

What is the capital of Switzerland? B-e.
What, the capital of Germany? F-t (frankfurt).
What is the capital of Aus'tria? V-a.
What is the capital of Turkey? C-e.
What is the capital of Greece? A-s.

LESSON 71.

EXERCISES ON THE MAP.

DIVISIONS.

SEAS, GULFS, AND BAYS.

Where is it situated? With what larger body of water is it connected?

EXAMPLE.-White?-Situated in the northern part

Where is it situated? What bounds it of Rus'sia, and connected with the Arc'tic Ocean.

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WHITE SEA?

BALTIC SEA?
BOTH NIA GULF?

FIN LAND GULF?
NORTH SEA?

BIS CAY BAY?

MEDITERRANEAN SEA'

ADRIATIC SEA?

ARCHIPELAGO SEA?

MARMO'RA SEA?

BLACK SEA?

AZ'OF SEA?

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RIVERS.

Where is it; what is its course; and where does it empty?

EXAMPLE.-Dnie'per?-It is in the southern part of Russia; its course is south; and it empties into the Black Sea.

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SARDIN'IA?

SIC'ILY?

ΙΟΝΙΑΝ ?

CAN'DIA?

CAPES.

Po?

CAPITALS.

In what country, and where is it situated? Name the river or other body of

Where is it situated? Into what waters water near which it stands? Is it a capital? does it extend?

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EXAMPLE.-LON'DON?-Is situated in the southeastern part of Engʻland, on the River Thames, and is the capital of Great Brit'ain.

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It is the smallest of the grand divisions.

For what is the coast of Europe remarkable? The number and extent of its peninsulas, seas, gulfs, and bays.

What part of the surface is level?
About two thirds.

Where is this level portion mostly situated?
In the northeast.

What is the surface of the southern and western parts?

It is generally mountainous.

What river in the eastern part of Russia, the largest in Europe?

The Volga.

What is remarkable about this river?

It empties into the Caspian Sea by seventy mouths.

In what Zone is Europe mostly situated?
In the North Temperate Zone.

What is the climate in the north and east?
Cold.

What is the climate of the southern part?

A perpetual summer.

What of the population of Europe?

In proportion to its size, it is the most populous quarter of the earth.

For what are the people noted?

Their industry, intelligence, and enterprise.

LESSON 73.

EUROPE.

(Continued.)

Russian Empire: what of its size?

It is the largest empire in the world.
What part of Europe does it cover?
More than one half.

Over what other territory does Russia extend?

The north part of Asia, and the northwest portion of North America.

What of the European portion?

It is the most thickly inhabited.

What of the surface of Russia?

It is mostly a level country.

What is the principal employment of the people?
Agriculture.

Sweden and Norway: what do they occupy?
The Scandinavian Peninsula.

What is the climate?

What is its surface?

Mountainous in the south; low and level in the north.

What minerals are abundant in Germany? Coal, salt, and all the useful metals.

What of the mineral springs?

They are numerous, and much visited by persons in ill health.

What can you say of the climate?

It is generally temperate; but the winters are severe in the north.

In summer, it is hot; in winter, Prussia: how is it divided? very cold.

With what is about two thirds of the surface covered?
Pine forests.

For what is Sweden celebrated?

For its mines of iron and copper.
For what is the coast of Norway remarkable?

For the great number of its bays and inlets, called Fiords.

Denmark: what does it comprise?

The peninsula of Jutland, and the islands in the mouth of the Baltic Sea.

What of the surface?

It is low and level.

What are the principal occupations of the people?

Agriculture and cattle raising.

LESSON 74.

EUROPE.

(Continued.)

Germany: of what is it composed?

Parts of Prussia and Austria, and about thirty smaller states.

Into two unequal portions.

In what part of Germany is the larger portion?
In the northeast.

Where is the smaller part?

In the west, adjoining Holland and Belgium.

What is the surface?

Generally level.

For what is Prussia noted?

For its excellent system of public schools.

What is the chief employment of the people? Agriculture.

Austria: how much of its surface is level?

Nearly three fourths.

What of its mineral wealth?

It is greater than that of country in Europe.

What of its salt mines?

any

other

They are the largest in the world.

What of its population?

Next to Russia, it is the most populous country of Europe.

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