By springs or the overflow of lakes. nents, Islands, Peninsulas, Isthmuses, Capes, A STREAM. Mountains, Plains, and Valleys. The CONTINENTS are the largest two of the natural divisions of land. The continents are called-the Eastern and the Western. The grand divisions of the Eastern Continent are-Europe, Asia, and Africa. The grand divisions of the Western Continent are- -North America and South America. An ISLAND is-land entirely surrounded by water. A PENINSULA is-land almost surrounded by water. An ISTHMUS is a neck of land uniting a peninsula to the mainland. A CAPE is a point of land extending into the water. A PROMONTORY is a high or mountainous cape. A MOUNTAIN island raised to a great height above the surroun ling country. A HILL is—a small elevation of land. A VOLCANO is-a mountain that sends out fire, smoke, ashes, and lava. A PLAIN is a tract of land level, or nearly so. A VALLEY is the space between mountains or hills. DESERT is—a barren tract of country. LESSON 17. The OCEAN is-the great body of salt water. The five grand divisions of the ocean are named— Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Southern. The other natural divisions of the water are-Seas, Gulfs, Bays, Straits, Channels, Sounds, Lakes, and Rivers. RILLS, RIVULETS, and BROOKS are-small streams of water flowing through the land. Streams are formed by-springs or the overflow of lakes. The Source of a River is-the place where it rises. The Mouth of a River is-the part where it LESSON 18. RACES OF MEN. When God made the world, with what did he end his labors ? With the creation of man. In what part of the world is it generally supposed that man first lived? In the western part of Asia. Where do his descendants now live? In nearly all parts of the earth. Where is he found most beautiful in form and feature? In the mountain region between SEAS, GULFS, and BAYS are-bodies of water the Black and Caspian seas. somewhat confined by land. An ARCHIPELAGO is a sea containing numer ous islands. What has this fact led some to conclude? That this mountain region was the A STRAIT is a narrow passage connecting two early home of mankind. other bodies of water. A CHANNEL is a wide passage of water. A SOUND is a comparatively shallow channel or bay. A LAKE is a body of water nearly or quite surrounded by land. A POND is a small lake. A RIVER is a large stream of water flowing through the land. Should you travel to other countries, what would you observe of the inhabitants? That they differ in the color of their skins, and in many other respects. In Europe what would you see? People of a light complexion. What, in China and Japan? People of a yellow complexion. What, to those of a dark-brown complexion? Malays'. What, to those who are black? Ne'groes or Africans. What do these varieties of mankind constitute? The Races of Men. How many races are there? Repeat the names which you have applied to them? Cauca'sian, Mongolian, American, Malay', African. How have you distinguished these races ? By the color of their skin. NOTE.-By examining the picture, the pupil will perceive that the races also differ in the shape of their heads and in the form of their features. del What, in the wilds of America? People of a reddish brown or copper-colored skin. What, in the islands of the Indian Ocean? People looking somewhat like those of Europe, but of a dark-brown color. What would you see in most parts of Africa? All of this race are not equally fair. The inhabitants of hot climates are much darker than those of the same race living in more temperate regions. Things made by hand, or by machinery, as shoes and hats. Is machinery much employed in manufacturing? It is; cloths and many other ar What name is applied to those people of a yellow ticles are made almost entirely by color? Mongolians. What, to those of a copper-colored skin? Americans or In'dians. the aid of machinery. What is Commerce ? An interchange of commodities between nations or individuals. |