in a niche in the English literary Pantheon? Experto crede Laurentio !-which means, Take the word of the late Sir Edward Durning-Lawrence for some of these allegations.

In or about 1880, and largely so to-day, the governors of the Dulwich school, college and hospital were nominated, eleven of them by the Court of Chancery, eight by the Vestries of the four parishes specified above, in the proportion of two by each vestry.

Alleyn's diary shows that in his lifetime paying boys, in addition to the free scholars, were actually received at his school as boarders at from £12 to £20 yearly each. Altogether, there are to-day 660 pupils at from ten to nineteen years of age, and £1,000 is said to be annually awarded as exhibitions to boys leaving school, together with £500 as scholarships to boys already in or about to enter the school. Holders of the above exhibitions, who in 1865 were students at the three boarding houses, paying from £35 to £50 a year, were at that date required either to be residents at one of the English Universities, or bonâ fide students of some learned or scientific profession, or of the fine arts, with a view to the ultimate practice of a profession.

The college which is situated in one of the most beautiful of London suburbs-occupies with its buildings three sides of a quadrangle, and comprises the chapel, chaplain's house, alms-rooms, and the lower school, in which 160 boys receive a second-grade education at a fee of £1 per annum.* The upper school, giving first-grade instruction, as we have said above, was transferred in 1870, at a cost of nearly £100,000, to new and splendid buildings in the Italian style of the thirteenth century, and opened in June of that year by the Prince of Wales. Two years later the Endowed Schools Commissioners remodelled the charity and made it applicable (so far as

* Presumably, these are the survivors of the original poor children of Dulwich who were to be taught "freely."

the almshouses and the Lower School of Dulwich College are concerned) to the London parishes of "St. Botolph without Bishopsgate, St. Saviour's (Southwark), and that part of the parish of St. Giles without Cripplegate, which is in the county of Middlesex," as nominally in the founder's ordinances. Alleyn also enjoined upon the original teaching and governing staff, consisting of a master and warden (who were always to be of the founder's surname), and four fellows, "all graduates and divines,” the conducting of the ministerial work of the chapel, the instruction of the boys, and the supervision of the almspeople. The total annual revenue of the college to-day is stated to amount to £20,000.

The splendid picture gallery (originally collected for a king of Poland) bequeathed to the college by Sir Peter Francis Bourgeois (a well-known painter and R.A.), in 1811, contains some exquisite Murillos, and is especially rich in choice paintings of the Dutch school.

In 1911 the endowment of this college was given as £5,000 per annum.

Dulwich College now consists of an upper and a "lower" school, called respectively Dulwich College and Alleyn's School. In the upper school (really the public school proper) are classical, modern, science, and engineering sides. The lower school is devoted to what is called middle-class education."

It should be here said that in 1859 an Act of Parliament for reconstituting the college had come into operation; that by its provisions twenty-four or less foundation scholars were to have been educated and maintained gratuitously, and that in 1865 this injunction remained ignored. Eight University exhibitions of £100 a year were also to be established. The Archbishop of Canterbury was constituted a visitor. Finally, gratuities not

* Cf. the usage of Harrow (the "English Form" or John Lyon's Lower School), and Rugby (the Lower School now completely severed from Rugby proper). Vide pp. 127 and 144-6, above.

exceeding six in number, or £40 in value, were to be granted annually to boys leaving the lower school for the purpose of apprenticing them or advancing them in the world; also scholarships, not exceeding three in number in any one year, or £40 per annum, may be awarded when the resources of the foundation shall permit." The picture gallery has a separate endowment of £520 a year (this amount in 1865), the surplus income of which is now devoted to instruction in designing and drawing in the school.

According to the Charity Organisation Society's (1925) Annual Charities and Digest:

"Not less than £500 is applied to scholarships, tenable at Dulwich College. Eleemosynary Branch:-(1) Pensions of £48 a year for 8 men and 8 women, or residences; (2) 24s. per week for 4 men and 4 women; (3) out-pensions, granted to class (2), of £26 a year, and are at present for 8 men and 8 women. Candidates for almshouses and pensions must be residents of the 4 parishes specified, respectable persons, married or single, who have fallen from better circumstances into indigence. One fourth of the almspeople and pensioners are appointed by the governing bodies of the 4 parishes. Estates governors administer the funds and almshouses. The management of the estates is vested in 8 elective governors (2 appointed by each of the parishes concerned); in II non-elective governors, 3 of which are appointed by the estate governors and 8 by the college governors; and in 21 college governors,' 17 being nominated by the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Lord Chancellor, and others; and 4 cooptative. Income (1923) = £58,778; Dulwich College fees £36,389, and endowments = £7,370. Alleyn's Lower School fees = £13,593, and endowments £1,860.

=

"There is also a Girls' School, designated James Allen's School (and owing its existence to Alleyn's charity, but not under the control of the governing body of Dulwich College), with 10 scholarships for girls from elementary schools, preference given to Dulwich residents. At the Lower School for boys are a number of scholarships of the value of £18 yearly (amount of tuition fee) awarded to boys from the elementary schools of Camberwell. There are £300 worth of University exhibitions to Oxford, Cambridge, London, or places of higher education (professional or technical). Persons benefited =

Resident almspeople, 16; out-pensioners, 1,650; scholars (Dulwich College), 840; Alleyn's Lower School, 786."

The lower school, as one would expect, is practically divorced from the college proper (cf. Harrow, Rugby and St. Paul's), and in the college itself there is to-day no poverty restriction or qualification, and the scholars, just as the rest of the day-boys and boarders, are all of uppermiddle and middle-class origin.