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Bannockburn, June 24, and never after made any serious attempt to renew the enterprise; while the Scots, on the other hand, ravaged the north of England, and took some steps for the conquest of Ireland.

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After a time the king regained his power by the help of Hugh le Despenser, who, however, was soon banished. Edward took up arms, recalled Despenser, and defeated and killed the earls of Lancaster and Hereford; but their party was joined by the queen, whom Despenser had offended. She went to France, taking her son Edward with her, under the pretext of accommodating a dispute with the French king (her brother) about the homage of Gascony. The earl of Kent (the king's brother), Roger Mortimer, and other nobles, repaired to her, and a small mercenary force was raised, with which she invaded England, in September, 1326. The king fled before them, his favourites were seized and executed, and he himself being captured, he was formally deposed, Jan. 7, 1327, and murdered at Berkeley castle, the 21st of September following.

1. EDWARD became king.

2. John of Eltham, born Aug. 25, 1315, was in 1328 created earl of Cornwall, and in the following year named custos of the kingdom, during the absence of the king in France. He died at St. John's town, near Perth, in Scotland, Oct. 1336.

Edward married, in 1308, Isabella, daughter of Philip IV. of France. She bore him two sons and two daughters, but disgraced herself by a criminal amour with Roger Mortimer, and died Aug. 22, 1358, at Hertford, after a seclusion, sometimes more, sometimes less strict, of twenty-seven

3. Eleanor, born 1318, married Reynald II., count of Gueldres, and, after a life rendered miserable by the ill conduct of her husband and her sons, she died in a nunnery at Deventer, April 22, 1355.

4. Joan, born in the Tower, in 1321, was in 1329 married to David, prince of Scotland, (afterwards David II.) She accompanied him in his exile in France, and solicited permission to share his imprisonment in England; but she was at length obliged to separate from him through his own misconduct, and return to her brother's court, where she died, Sept. 7, 1362. Edward II. bore the same arms as

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merciless proscription; yet was his fate one of the hardest recorded in history.

A.D. 1307.

Edward is received as king, at Carlisle, Saturday, July 8. He shortly after proceeds towards Dumfries, where some of the Scottish nobility do homage to him, early in August.

He appoints Aymer de Valence guardian and lieutenant in Scotland, Aug. 30, and returns to England.

Gaveston is recalled. Many of the king's council are driven from the court, and some imprisoned'.

Gaveston is made custos of the kingdom, Dec. 26, on occasion of the king going to France.

A.D. 1308.

The Knights Templars are seized in each county of England, on the same day, Jan. 10.

The king marries Isabella (daughter of Philip IV., king of France), at Boulogne, Jan. 28. He returns to England Feb. 7, and is crowned at Westminster Feb. 25 h.

• His regnal years are computed from this day Valence resigned the office almost immediately, and it was bestowed on John de Dreux, earl of Richmond, Sept. 13.

He was even before his return created earl of Cornwall (Aug. 6, 1307), but this was so unpopular, that hardly any one could be found to give him the title in ordinary conversation; the king was unwise enough to issue a proclamation on the subject, which was universally disregarded.

The chancellor (Ralph Baldock, bishop of London), several of the judges, the barons of the exchequer, and the treasurer (Walter de Langton, bishop of Lichfield), were all displaced.

8 They were also seized in Ireland and in Scotland, in virtue of a writ dated Dec. 20, 1307; the exact day was left to the chief officers in each country, but it was to be before any news of what had been done in England could reach the knights, lest they should attempt to escape. Their estates were placed in the charge of the sheriffs, and out of them the sum of 25. a day was allowed for the support of the grand master, William de la More, and 4d. for each of the knights. De la More died in the Tower before the formal suppression of the Order by the Pope, and then the remaining knights were placed in various monasteries. From a record of the Knights Hospitallers, who eventually received a large part of their property, we learn that some of the Templars were alive, and in receipt of a pension, as late as A.D. 1338.

1 Gaveston bore the crown in the procession, and Roger Mortimer and Hugh Despenser, with two others, carried a great "table," on which royal robes were displayed.

i The time of his stay in Ireland is uncertain, but it was apparently short, as a writ exists, pro

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fessing to be attested by him at Langley, Dec. 5, 1308. Their appointment was by virtue of letters patent, dated March 16, 1310, and they were sworn into office four days after.

The head of the party was the king's cousin, Thomas, earl of Lancaster, who was the son of Edmund Crouchback by Blanche, granddaughter of Louis VIII. of France; he became president of the council, assisted at the death of Gaveston, and long had all the power of the kingdom in his hands, his great ally being the earl of Hereford, the king's brother-in-law. He procured the banishment of the new favourite, Despenser, but was soon after forsaken by many of his adherents in consequence

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Perth is surprised by Robert Bruce, Jan. 8.

The king recalls Gaveston, Jan. 18; regrants him his estates, Jan. 20.

The bishop of Lichfield is set at liberty, at the intercession of the pope (Clement V.), Jan.; and restored to office as treasurer, March 14.

A.D. 1313.

The strong castles of Roxburgh and Edinburgh captured by the Scots, and Stirling (almost the only remaining fortress in the hands of the English) besieged.

The king and his queen go to France, May 23, to be present at the coronation of Louis X.; which occasions a delay incenses the barons. of the promised pardons, and greatly

The king returns July 16, and issues safe conducts for the earl of Lancaster

and his confederates.

General and also special pardons are The parliament meets in September. granted (472 in number), Oct. 16, and the adherents of Gaveston are included.

The king prepares for an expedition against Scotland.

A.D. 1314.

He marches with a large force into Scotland, in June. The earl of Lancaster and some other nobles refuse to attend, whilst Aymer de Valence and others behave treacherously in the field. The king is totally defeated at Bannockburn (near Stirling), June 24, and flees to Berwick.

Robert Bruce's relatives, and some Scottish ecclesiastics, are set at liberty in exchange for some of the chief Engprisoners taken at Bannockburn.

The order of Templars formally sup-lish pressed by the pope's bull, April 3'.

The barons, headed by Thomas, earl of Lancaster, take up arms. The king advances against them, first placing Gaveston in Scarborough castle.

Gaveston is besieged, and surrenders on promise of life, May 19. He is, in spite of this, executed, in the presence of the earl of Lancaster and other nobles, at Blacklow Hill, near Warwick, June 19".

The king's forces desert him, when he is obliged to make peace with the barons, and to promise them pardon for the death of Gaveston, Dec. 20.

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The earl of Lancaster takes the control of the kingdom.

A.D. 1315.

Edward Bruce (brother of Robert) invades Ireland, in May; he is warmly received by the natives.

The Scots ravage Northumberland, and besiege Carlisle, in August.

The earl of Pembroke ravages Scotland, but is obliged to retire.

A.D. 1316.

The Welsh take up arms, under Llewelyn Bren, and form an alliance

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merciless proscription; yet was his fate one of the hardest recorded in history.

A.D. 1307. Edward is received as king, at Carlisle, Saturday, July 8°. He shortly after proceeds towards Dumfries, where some of the Scottish nobility do homage to him, early in August.

He appoints Aymer de Valence guardian and lieutenant in Scotland, Aug. 30, and returns to England.

Gaveston is recalled. Many of the king's council are driven from the court, and some imprisoned'.

Gaveston is made custos of the kingdom, Dec. 26, on occasion of the king going to France.

A.D. 1308.

The Knights Templars are seized in each county of England, on the same day, Jan. 10%.

The king marries Isabella (daughter of Philip IV., king of France), at Boulogne, Jan. 28. He returns to England Feb. 7, and is crowned at Westminster Feb. 25".

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Valence resigned the office almost immediately, and it was bestowed on John de Dreux, earl of pat Richmond, Sept. 13.

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f The chancellor (Ralph Baldock, bishop of London), several of the judges, the barons of the exchequer, and the treasurer (Walter de Langton, bishop of Lichfield), were all displaced.

They were also seized in Ireland and in Scotland, in virtue of a writ dated Dec. 20, 1307; the exact day was left to the chief officers in each country, but it was to be before any news of what had been done in England could reach the knights, lest they should attempt to escape. Their estates were placed in the charge of the sheriffs, and out of them the sum of 25. a day was allowed for the support of the grand master, William de la More and 4d. for each of the knights. De la More dic in the Tower before the formal suppression of th Order by the Pope, and then the remaining knigh were placed in various monasteries. From a rece of the Knights Hospitallers, who eventually ceived a large part of their property, we learn t some of the Templars were alive, and in receipt a pension, as late as A.D. 1338.

Gaveston bore the crown in the procession, Roger Mortimer and Hugh Despenser, with others, carried a great "table," on which I robes were displayed.

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conclude a peace with France. In conof the favour of his son the elder Deas created earl of Winchester, in 1322, and volved in his fall.

e younger Despenser turned pirate, and many rich vessels, particularly two large at Sandwich.

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king, and widow of John, count of Holland. Like his father he held the office of constable, and served in the Scottish wars, and being taken at Bannockburn was exchanged for the wife of Robert Bruce. He vehemently opposed the favourites of his brother-in-law, was one of the peers appointed to regulate his household, and in every way sup in the ported the earl of Lancaster, being at last killed in his cause, March 16, 1322 His wife died in May, 1316, and was buried at Walden, and in his will, made at Gosforth, 11th August, 1319, he desires to be buried beside her, but his wish was neglected, and he was interred in the church of

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• Roger Mortimer, lord of Wigmore, was born in 1287. He was the grandson of the chief opponent of De Montfort. He served in Scotland, had also the office of great justiciary of Wales, and in 1317 was appointed lieutenant of Ireland. He supported the earl of Lancaster, and when taken prisoner was committed to the Tower; he was sentenced to death, Aug. 2, 1322, but this was the next day commuted to perpetual imprisonment. After a time he escaped and repaired to France, when his wife and daughters were seized and imprisoned in his stead. He shortly after returned to England, and in concert with the queen governed the kingdom at his pleasure, being created earl of March, and enriched by vast grants, but was suddenly seized by order of the young king, hurriedly condemned, and hung at Tyburn, Nov. 29, 1330. After remaining some days on the gibbet, his body was buried in his castle of Ludlow, in a chapel which he had erected and dedicated to St. Peter ad Vincula to commemorate his own es cape from the Tower in the time of Edward II.

He had been but recently created earl of Carlisle for his services against the earl of Lancaster.

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