that she possessed in gold, and in silver, 'and in things unspeakable, because she had before held it too closely with him. "And soon after, Stigant was deposed from his bishopric, and all that he possessed was seized into the king's hands, because he was nearest to his mother's counsel, and she went just as he advised her, as people thought. A.D. 1043. This year was Edward consecrated king at Winchester on the first day of Easter [3d April]. And this year, fourteen days before Andrew's-mass [16th Nov.], the king was advised to ride from Gloucester, and Leofric the earl, and Godwine the earl, and Sigwarth [Siward] the earl, with their followers, to Winchester, unawares upon the lady [Emma]; and they bereaved her of all the treasures which she possessed, they were not to be told, because before that she had been very hard with the king her son; inasmuch as she had done less for him than he would, before he was king, and also since: and they suffered her after that to remain therein. This year king Edward took the daughter [Eadgithe] of Godwine the earl for his wife. And in this same year died bishop Brihtwold, and he held the bishopric thirty-eight years, that was the bishopric of Sherborne, and Hereman the king's priest succeeded to the bishopric. And in this year Wulfric was hallowed abbat of St. Augustine's, at Christmas, on Stephen's mass-day [26th Dec.], by leave of the king, and, on account of his great infirmity, of abbat Aelfstane. : A.D. 1044. This year archbishop Eadsige gave up the bishopric by reason of his infirmity, and he blessed thereto Siward, abbat of Abingdon, as bishop, by the king's leave and counsel, and Godwine's the earl's it was known to few men else before it was done, because the archbishop thought that some other man would obtain or buy it whom he could less trust in, and be pleased with, if more men should know of it. And in this year was a very great famine over all England, and corn was so dear as no man before remembered; so that the sester of wheat went up to sixty pence, and even further. And in the same year the king went out to Sandwich with thirtyfive ships and Aethelstan the church ward obtained the abbacy at Abingdon. And Stigand reobtained his bishopric. And in the same year" king Edward took Eadgythe, daughter of Godwine the earl, to wife, ten days before Candlemas [23d Jan.]. : A.D. 121044. This year died Living, bishop 13 in Devonshire, and Leofric succeeded thereto: he was the king's priest. And in this same year died Aelfstan, abbat of St. Augustine's, on the third of the nones of July [5th July]. And in this same year was outlawed Osgot Clapa. 1 "and in things unspeakable," not in F. 2 To the end of the year not in E. F. 4 The date of 1043 is here repeated in MS. E. 3 From D. A.D. 1044, F. The words "that was the bishopric of Sherborne," do not occur in E. 6 E. F. 7 From C. A.D. 1043, E. F. 8 Archbishop of Canterbury. 9 From this point as far as the word "bishopric,” F. is silent. 11 There are some anomalous appearances with respect to the time of beginning the year in MS. C. before this period; but henceforward to the year 1053, it can hardly be questioned that the computation from Easter is followed in that copy. This event, therefore, according to our mode of reckoning, would belong to the year 1045.-P. 13 "of Exeter," F. 12 E. A.D. 1045, F. See A.D. 1045, 1046. 14 "in this same year" do not occur in F., neither does the exact date specified in E. 15 F. here again omits the words "in this same year." A.D. 1045. 'In this year died bishop Bryhtwold,' on the 10th of the kalends of May [22d April]; and king Edward gave the bishopric to Heraman his priest. And in the same summer king Edward went out with his ships to Sandwich; and there so great a force was gathered, that no man had seen a greater fleet in this land. And in this same year3 died bishop Lyvync, on the 13th of the kalends of April [20th March]; and the king gave the bishopric to Leofric his priest. This year died Aelfward, bishop of London, on the 8th of the kalends of August [25th July]. He was first abbat of Evesham, and greatly advanced the minster whilst he was there. He went then to Ramsey, and there gave up his life. And Manni was chosen abbat, and ordained on the 4th of the ides of August [10th Aug.]. And in this year was driven out Gunnilde, the noble woman, king Cnut's niece; and she, after that, stayed at Bruges a long while, and afterwards went to Denmark. 5 A.D. 1045. This year died Grymkytel, bishop in Sussex, and Heca, the king's priest, succeeded thereto. And in this year died Aelfwine, bishop of Winchester, on the 4th of the kalends of September [29th Aug.]; and Stigand, bishop to the north, succeeded thereto. And in the same year Swegen the earl went out to Baldwin's land 1o to Bruges, and abode there all the winter; and then in summer he went out. A.D. 1046. "In this year Swegen the earl went into Wales, and Griffin the Northern king1 went with him: and they delivered hostages to him. As he was on his way homewards, then commanded he to be brought unto him the abbess of Leominster: and he had her as long as he listed; and after that he let her go home. And in this same year Osgod Clapa was outlawed before midwinter. And in this same year, after Candlemas, came the severe winter, with frost and with snow, and with all kinds of tempestuous weather, so that there was no man then alive who could remember so severe a winter as this was, as well through mortality of men as murrain of cattle; even birds and fishes perished through the great cold and famine. 13 A.D. 1046. 14 This year died Brihtwold, bishop in Wiltshire, and Hereman was appointed to his see. In that year king Eadward gathered a large ship-force at Sandwich, on account of the threatening of Magnus in Norway but his and Swegen's contention in Denmark hindered his coming here. A.D. 1046. This year died Aethelstan, abbot of Abingdon, and Spearhafoc, monk of St. Edmund's-bury, succeeded him. And in this same year died bishop Siward, and archbishop Eadsige again obtained the whole bishopric.' 16 1 As far as the word "priest" is from C. 2 He was bishop of Ramsbury. 3 A.D. 1046. From D. to the end of the year, in which MS. the following events are placed under the year 1045, but this arises apparently from the omission of 1044, to which year, according to Florence of Worcester, who used a copy similar to D., they belong; and the like error continues in this MS. until 1052, where it is corrected by the repetition of that date.-P. 5 Of Evesham. 7" in this year," not in F. 6 E. A.D. 1046, F. See A.D. 1047. 8 This date does not occur in F. The Latin text of F. explains this as meaning that he was bishop of the East Saxons. 11 C. His see was at Elmham. 10 That is, to Flanders. 12 He was king of North Wales. 14 D. See A.D. 1045. 16 See A.D. 1044. And in this same year came Lothen and Yrling with twenty-five ships to Sandwich, and 'there took unspeakable booty, in men, and in gold, and in silver, so that no man knew how much it all was. And they then went about Thanet, and would there do the like; but the land's-folk strenuously withstood them, and denied them as well landing as water; and thence utterly put them to flight. And they betook themselves then into Essex, and there they ravaged, and took men, and property, and whatsoever they might find. And they betook themselves then east to Baldwine's land, and there they sold what they had plundered; and after that went their way east, whence they before had come. A.D. 1046. In this year was the great synod at St. Remi's [Rheims]. Thereat was Leo the pope, and the archbishop of Burgundy [Lyons], and the archbishop of Besançon, and the archbishop of Triers, and the archbishop of Rheims; and many men besides, both clergy and laity. And king Edward sent thither bishop Dudoc,' and Wulfric, abbat of St. Augustine's, and abbat Elfwine, that they might make known to the king what should be there resolved on for Christendom. And in this same year king Eadward sent out to Sandwich with a great fleet. And Swegen the earl, son of Godwine the earl, came in to Bosham with seven ships; and he obtained the king's protection, and he was promised that he should be held worthy of everything which he before possessed. Then Harold the earl, his brother, and Beorn the earl, contended that he should not be held worthy of any of the things which the king had granted to them: but a protection of four days was appointed him to go to his ships. Then befel it during this, that word came to the king that hostile ships lay westward, and were ravaging. Then went Godwine the earl west about with two of the king's ships; the one commanded Harold the earl, and the other Tostig his brother; and forty-two of the people's ships. Then Harold the earl was removed from the king's ship which Harold the earl before had commanded. Then went they west to Pevensey, and lay there weather-bound. Upon this, after two days, then came Swegen the earl thither, and spoke with his father, and with Beorn the earl, and begged of Beorn that he would go with him to the king at Sandwich, and help him to the king's friendship: and he granted it. Then went they as if they would go to the king. Then whilst they were riding, then begged Swegen of him that he would go with him to his ships: saying that his seamen would depart from him unless he should at the soonest come thither. Then went they both where his ships lay. When they came thither, then begged Swegen the earl of him that he would go with him on ship-board. He strenuously refused, so long as until his seamen seized him, and threw him into the boat, and bound him, and rowed to the ship, and put him there aboard. Then they hoisted up their sails and ran west to Axmouth, and had him with them until they slew him: and they took the body and buried it in a church. And then his friends and litsmen came from London, and took him up, and bore him to Winchester to the Old-minster: and he is there buried with king Cnut his uncle. And Swegen went then east to Baldwin's land, and sat down there all the winter at Bruges, with his full protection. And in the same year died Eadnoth, bishop of the north;" and Ulf was made bishop. A.D. 1047. 12In this year died bishop Grimcytel; he was bishop in 13Sussex, and he lies in Christ-Church, at Canterbury; and king 1 F. passes on to "and took men," &c. 2 As far as (6 east," is omitted in F. 3 From E. See A.D. 1049. F. ascribes these incidents to 1048. 4 These names are omitted in F. 6 Abbot of Ramsey. Bishop of Wells. 7 F. passes over to the passage, "and spoke with his father." 8 This sentence is obscure and apparently erroneous. This sentence is not in F. 10 F. does not contain the words, "in the same year." 11 The Latin text of F. explains this as meaning that he was bishop of the Northern Saxons: his see was that of Dorchester. 13 He was bishop of Selsey. 12 From C. Eadward gave the bishopric to Heca his priest. And in this same year died bishop Aelfwine,' on the 4th of the kalends of September [29th Aug.]; and king Eadward gave the bishopric to bishop Stigand. And Aethelstan, abbat of Abingdon, died in the same year, on the 4th of the kalends of April: then was Easter-day on the 3d of the nones of April [3d April]. And there was over all England a very great mortality in the same year. A.D. 1047. This year died Lyfing, the eloquent bishop, on the 10th of the kalends of April [23d March]; and he had three bishoprics; one in Devonshire, and in Cornwall, and in Worcester. Then Leofric succeeded to Devonshire and to Cornwall, and bishop Aldred to Worcester. And in this year Osgod the "stallere " [master of the horse], was outlawed: and Magnus won Denmark. 5 A.D. 1047. In this year there was a great meeting in London at Mid-lent, [10th March], and nine ships of litsmen were discharged, and five remained behind. In this same year came Swegen the earl into England. And in this same year was the great synod at Rome, and king Edward sent thither bishop Hereman and bishop Ealdred; and they came thither on Easter eve [14th April]. And afterwards the pope held a synod at Vercelli, [1st Sept.,] and bishop Ulf came thereto; and well nigh would they have broken his staff if he had not given very great gifts; because he knew not how to do his duty so well as he should. And in this year died archbishop Eadsige, on the 4th before the kalends of November [29th Oct.]. A.D. 1048. In this year was a great earthquake wide throughout England. In the same year Sandwich and the Isle of Wight were ravaged, and the chief men that were there, slain. And after that king Edward and the earls went out with their ships. And in the same year bishop Siward resigned the bishopric on account of his infirmity, and went to Abingdon, and archbishop Eadsige again received the bishopric: and he [Siward] died within eight weeks after, on the 10th of the kalends of November [23d Oct.]. A.D. 1048. This year was the severe winter: and this year died Aelfwine, bishop of Winchester, and bishop Stigand was raised to his see. And before that, in the same year, died Grimcytel, bishop in Sussex, and Heca the priest succeeded to the bishopric. And Swegen also sent hither, begging assistance against Magnus, king of Norway; that fifty ships should be sent to his aid. But it seemed unadvisable to all people: and it was then hindered by reason that Magnus had a great ship-force. And he then drove out Swegen, and with much man-slaying won the land and the Danes paid him much money and acknowledged him as king. And that same year Magnus died. A.D. 101048. "In this year king Edward appointed Robert, of London, archbishop of Canterbury, during Lent. And in the same Lent he went to Rome after his pall: and the king gave the bishopric of London to Sparhafoc, abbat of Abingdon; and the king gave the abbacy of Abingdon to bishop Rothulf, his kinsman. Then came the archbishop from Rome 1 Bishop of Winchester. 2 Namely, 29th March, 1048. 4 He was king of Norway. 3 From D. See A.D. 1045, 1046. 5 E. A.D. 1049, F. See A.D. 1050. F. does not contain the first and second sentences. 6 He was bishop of Dorchester. 7 F. does not contain the words which limit this incident to the present year. 9 From D. See A.D. 1046, 1047. 8 From C. 10 From E. A.D. 1050, F. "Here king Edward gave to Robert, who was abbat of Jumiege, the archbishopric of Canterbury." F. Lat. 11 "In this year," not in F. 12 4 'during Lent," not in F., which MS. continues, "and soon after," &c. one day before St. Peter's-mass eve [28th June], and entered on his archiepiscopal see at Christ's Church on St. Peter's-mass day; and soon after went to the king. Then came abbat Sparhafoc to him with the king's writ and seal, in order that he should consecrate him bishop of London. Then the archbishop refused, and said that the pope had forbidden it him. Then went the abbat to the archbishop again for that purpose, and there desired episcopal ordination; and the archbishop constantly refused him, and said that the pope had forbidden it him. Then went the abbat to London, and occupied the bishopric which the king before had granted him, with his full leave, all the summer and the harvest. And then came Eustace 3 from beyond sea soon after the bishop, and went to the king, and spoke with him that which he then would, and went then homeward. When he came to Canterbury, east, then took he refreshment there, and his men, and went to Dover. When he was some mile or more on this side of Dover, then he put on his hauberk, and so did all his companions, and went to Dover. When they came thither, then would they lodge themselves where they chose. Then came one of his men, and would abide in the house of a householder against his will, and wounded the householder; and the householder slew the other. Then Eustace got upon his horse, and his companions upon theirs; and they went to the householder, and slew him within his own hearth; and they went up towards the town, and slew, as well within as without, more than twenty men. And the townsmen slew nineteen men on the other side, and wounded they knew not how many. And Eustace escaped with a few men, and went again to the king, and made known to him, in part, how they had fared. And the king became very wroth with the townsmen. And the king sent off Godwin the earl, and bade him go into Kent in a hostile manner, to Dover: for Eustace had made it appear to the king, that it had been more the fault of the townsmen than his: but it was not so. And the earl would not consent to the inroad, because he was loth to injure his own retainers. Then the king sent after all his witan, and bade them come to Gloucester, nigh the aftermass of St. Mary [8th Sept.]. Then had the Welshmen erected a castle in Herefordshire among the retainers of Swegen the earl, and wrought every kind of harm and disgrace to the king's men thereabout which they could. Then came Godwin the earl, and Swegen the earl, and Harold the earl, together at Beverstone, and many men with them, in order that they might go to their royal lord, and to all the witan who were assembled with him, in order that they might have the advice of the king and his aid, and of all this witan, how they might avenge the king's disgrace, and the whole nation's. Then were the Welshmen with the king beforehand, and accused the earls, so that they might not come within his eyes' sight; because they said that they were coming thither in order to betray the king. Thither had come Siward the earl, and Leofric the earl, and much people with them, from the north, to the king; and it was made known to the earl Godwine and his sons, that the king and the men who were with him, were taking counsel concerning them: and they arrayed themselves on the other hand resolutely, though it were loathful to them that they should stand against their royal lord. Then the witan on either side decreed that every kind of evil should cease: and the king gave the peace of God and his full friendship to either side. Then the king and his witan decreed that a council of all the nobles should be held for the second time in London at the harvest equinox [21st Sept.]; and the king directed the army to be called out, as well south of the Thames as north, all that was in any way most eminent. Then declared they Swegen the earl an outlaw, and summoned Godwine the earl and Harold the earl to the council, as quickly as they could effect it. When they had come thither, then were they summoned into the council. Then required he safe-conduct and hostages, so that he might come, unbe 1 "and seal," not in F. ? This and the following sentence, as far as "harvest," are wanting in F. 3 Eustace was earl of Boulogne. 4 Siward was earl of Northumbria, and Leofric of Mercia. |