A.D. '814. This year the noble and holy pope Leo2 died, and after him Stephen succeeded to the popedom. A.D. 815. A.D. 3816. This year pope Stephen died, and 'after him Paschal was ordained pope; and the same year the English school [at Rome] was burned. A.D. 817, 818. A.D. 819. This year Cenwulf king of the Mercians died, and Ceolwulf succeeded to the kingdom; and Eadbryht the ealdorman died. A.D. 820. A.D. '821. This year Ceolwulf was deprived of his kingdom. A.D. 822. This year two ealdormen, Burghelm and Muca, were slain; and there was a synod at Cloveshoo. A.D. '823. This year there was a battle between the Welsh and the men of Devon at Gafulford: and the same year Ecgbryht king of the West-Saxons and Beornwulf king of the Mercians fought at Ellendune, and Ecgbryht got the victory, and there was great slaughter made. He then sent from the army his son Æthelwulf, and Ealhstan his bishop," and Wulfheard his ealdorman, into Kent with a large force, and they drove Baldred the king northwards over the Thames. And the men of Kent, and the men of Surrey, and the South-Saxons, and the East-Saxons, submitted to him; for formerly they had been unjustly forced from his kin. And the same year the king of the East-Angles and the people sought the alliance and protection of king Ecbryht for dread of the Mercians; and the same year the East-Angles slew Beornwulf king of Mercia. A.D. 824. A.D. 825. This year Ludeca king of the Mercians was slain, and his five ealdormen with him; and Wiglaf succeeded to the kingdom. A.D. 826. A.D. 827. This year the moon was eclipsed" on the mass-night of midwinter [25th Dec.] And the same year king Ecgbryht conquered the kingdom of the Mercians, and all that was south of the Humber; and he was the eighth king who was Bretwalda. Aelle king of the South-Saxons was the first who had thus much dominion; the second was Ceawlin king of the West-Saxons; the third was Aethelbryht king of the Kentish-men; the fourth was Raedwald king of the East-Angles; the fifth was Edwin king of the North-humbrians; the sixth was Oswald who reigned after him; the seventh was Oswio, Oswald's brother; the eighth was Ecgbryht 1 A.D. 813, C.; 816, F.; but referring to 814. 2 Leo the Third was buried 12th June, 816. 3 A.D. 815, E.; 817, F.; mutilated in C. Jaffé, p. 220. Namely, in 817. 5 This clause does not occur in F. The Angle-School was a quarter near St. Peter's, where the English pilgrims at Rome resided. According to Anastasius, they called it their "Borough," (burgus). V. Anastas. Bibliothecar. de Vita Stephani IV.-P. 6 A.D. 822, F.; mutilated in C. 7 A.D. 820, C. 8 A.D. 821, C. 9 A.D. 822, C. 10 Namely, of Sherburn. 11 The eclipse happened on the 25th of December, 828.-P. king of the West-Saxons. And Ecgbryht led an army to Dore against the North-humbrians, and they there offered him obedience and allegiance, and with that they separated. A.D. 828. This year Wiglaf again obtained the kingdom of the Mercians, and bishop Aethelwald' died; and the same year king Ecgbryht led an army against the North-Welsh, and he forced them to obedient subjection. A.D. 829. This year archbishop Wulfred' died, and after him abbat Felogild was chosen to the archbishopric, on the 7th of the kalends of May; and he was consecrated upon a Sunday, the 5th of the ides of June: and he died on the 3d of the kalends of September [30 Aug.]. A.D. 830. This year Ceolnoth was chosen bishop, and ordained; and abbat Feologild died. A.D. 831. This year archbishop Ceolnoth received his pall. A.D 832. This year the heathen men ravaged Sheppey. A.D. 833. This year king Ecgbryht fought against the men of thirty-five ships at Carrum, and there was great slaughter made, and the Danish men maintained possession of the field of battle. And Hereferth and Wigthen, two bishops, died; and Dudda and Osmod, two ealdormen, died. A.D. 834. A.D. 835. This year a great hostile fleet came to the WestWelsh, and they united together, and made war upon Ecgbryht king of the West-Saxons. As soon as he heard of it he went thither with an army, and fought against them at Hengest-down, [Hengeston], and there he put to flight both the Welsh and the Danish-men. A.D. 836. This year king Ecgbryht' died; before he was king, Offa king of the Mercians, and Beorhtric king of the West-Saxons, drove him out of England into France for three years; and Beorhtric assisted Offa, because he had his daughter for his queen. And Ecgbryht reigned thirty-seven years and seven months; and Aethelwulf the son of Ecgbryht succeeded to the kingdom of the West-Saxons; and he gave his son Athelstan the kingdoms of the Kentish-men, and of the East-Saxons, and of the men of Surrey, and of the South-Saxons. 10 A.D. 836. And Æthelstan his other son succeeded to the kingdom of the Kentish-men, and to Surrey, and to the kingdom of the South-Saxons. 1 Bishop of Lichfield. To the end of the year from F. 2 Of Canterbury. The date of his election, Sunday, 25th April, is correct; but not so that of his consecration, the 5th of the ides of June falling on a Wednesday. We should probably read "the 8th of the ides of June," i.e. Sunday, June 6th. 5 Of Canterbury. 7 Twenty-five, D. E. F. 6 A.D. 834, F. 8 Wigthen and Hereferth were successively bishops of Winchester; but as they both made profession of canonical obedience to archbishop Wulfred between the years 803 and 829, this was probably a different person.-P. 9 Egberht's accession is invariably placed in the year 800; if, therefore, the length of his reign be rightly stated, his death could not have happened before 837.-P. 11 D. E. F. after 10 above. 10 See note 11. A.D. 837. 'This year Wulfheard the ealdorman fought at Hamtun [Southampton], against the forces of thirty-three ships, and there made great slaughter, and got the victory; and the same year' Wulfheard died. And the same year Aethelhelm the ealdorman fought against the Danish army at Port with the men of Dorset, and for a good while he put the enemy to flight; but the Danish-men had possession of the field of battle, and slew the ealdorman. A.D. 838. This year Herebryht the ealdorman was slain by the heathen men, and many with him among the Marsh-men; and afterwards, the same year, in Lindsey, and in East-Anglia, and in Kent, many men were slain by the enemy. A.D. 839. This year there was great slaughter at London, and at Canterbury,' and at Rochester. A.D. 840. This year king Aethelwulf fought at Carrum against the crews of thirty-five ships, and the Danish-men maintained possession of the field of battle. 'And Louis the emperor died. A.D. 841-844. A.D. 845. This year Eanulf the ealdorman, with the men of Somerset, and bishop Ealchstan, and Osric the ealdorman, with the men of Dorset, fought at the mouth of the Parret against the Danish army, and there made great slaughter, and got the victory. A.D. 846-850. 12 A.D. 1851. "This year Ceorl the earldorman, with the men of Devonshire, fought against the heathen men at Wicganbeorg, and there made great slaughter and got the victory. And the same year king Aethelstan and Ealchere the ealdormen fought on shipboard, and slew a great number of the enemy at Sandwich in Kent, and took nine13 ships, and put the others to flight; and the heathen men, for the first time, remained over winter in Thanet. And the same year came three hundred and fifty ships to the mouth of the Thames, and the crews landed and took Canterbury and London by storm, and put to flight Beorhtwulf, king of the Mercians, with his army, and then went south over the Thames into Surrey; and there king Aethelwulf and his son Aethelbald, with the army of the West-Saxons, fought against them at Aclea [Ockley], and there made the greatest slaughter among the heathen army that we have heard reported to the present day, and there got the victory. 14 A.D. 852. At this time Ceolred, abbat of Medeshamstede, and 1 This whole year is omitted in F. 3 Here begins the fragment of MS. G. 4 E. F. omit the whole of this year. 6 This year is not in F. 2 Thirty-four, C.D. Mercians, D. 7 This is the reading of MS. C. The other reading gives Cwantavic, or S. Josse sur-mer. From F. This was Louis le Debonnaire. 10 A.D. 853, C. The first sentence of the events of this year is not in F. 11 From this period until 887, compare Asser, who has translated and incorporated the Chronicle in his life of Alfred.-P. 12 Transposed to the end of the year in B. C. D. E. F., and partly repeated by insertion in A. at the end of 845. 13 Eight, B. C. 14 The whole of this year from E. The lease here recited may be seen in Kemble's Anglo-Saxon Charters, No. 267. the monks let to Wulfred the land of Sempigaham, on this condition, that after his decease the land should return to the minster, and that Wulfred should give the land of Sliowaforda to Medeshamstede, and each year should deliver into the minster sixty fother of wood, and twelve fother of coal,' and six fother of faggots, and two tuns full of pure ale, and two beasts fit for slaughter, and six hundred loaves, and ten measures of Welsh ale, and each year a horse, and thirty shillings, and one day's entertainment. At this agreement were present king Burhred, and archbishop Ceolred, and bishop Tunberht, and bishop Cenred, and bishop Alhhun, and abbat Wihtred, and abbat Werhtherd, and Aethelheard, the ealdorman, and Humberht, the ealdorman, and many others. A.D. 2853. This year Burhred, king of the Mercians, and his witan," begged of king Aethelwulf that he would assist him so that he might make the North-Welsh obedient to him. He then did so; and went with an army across Mercia among the NorthWelsh, and made them all obedient to him. And the same year king Aethelwulf sent his son Alfred to Rome. Leo' [IV.] was then pope of Rome; and he consecrated him king, and took him for his son at confirmation. Then, in the same year, Ealhere, with the men of Kent, and Huda, with the men of Surrey, fought in Thanet, against the heathen army; and at first they were victorious; and many there were slain, and drowned on either hand, and both the ealdormen were killed. And upon this, after Easter, Aethelwulf, king of the West-Saxons, gave his daughter to Burgred, king of the Mercians. A.D. 854. A.D. '855. This year the heathen men, for the first time, re mained over winter in Shepey; and the same year king Aethelwulf gave by charter" the tenth part of his land throughout his realm for the glory of God and his own eternal salvation. And the same year he went to Rome in great state, and dwelt there twelve months, and then returned homewards. And then Charles, king of the Franks, gave him his daughter to wife; and after that he came to his people, and they were glad of it. And about two years after he came from France he died, and his body lies at Winchester. And he reigned eighteen years and a half. And Aethelwulf was the son of Ecgbryht, Ecgbryht of Ealhmund, 8 7 1 Petrie leaves this word in its original form, "græfan," uncertain as to its meaning; but it doubtless is a weak noun (græfa-an), from the verb grafan, to dig. 2 A.D. 754, C. This year is not noticed in F. Similar crosses 3 Here in MS. A. is painted on each side-margin a red cross. are added on the death of king Ethelbryht, A.D. 860, and bishop Asser, A.D. 910. A few others in ink have been added by a later hand.-P. 4 A.D. 856, C. F.; 854 G. 5 For Aethelwulf's grant, which has given rise to much controversy, see Asser, A.D. 855; Kemble's Saxon Charters, Nos. 270, 271, 275, 276; and Monast. Anglic. i. 100: and for an examination into the authenticity of the charter, Collier's Eccl. Hist. i. 156, 157, may be consulted. 6 See next page, note. 7 Aethelwulf married Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald, on 1st Oct. 856, and died in January (or, as one MS. of Florence of Worcester reads, June), 858. See Asser, A.D. 855.-P. To the end of the genealogy is omitted in E. F. Ealhmund of Eafa, Eafa of Eoppa, Eoppa of Ingild; Ingild was Ine's brother, king of the West-Saxons, he who held the kingdom 'thirty-seven years, and afterwards went to St. Peter, and there resigned his life; and they were the sons of Cenred, Cenred of Ceolwald, Ceolwald of Cutha, Cutha of Cuthwin, Cuthwin of Ceaulin, Ceaulin of Cynric, Cynric of Cerdic, Cerdic of Elesa, Elesa of Esla, Esla of Gewis, Gewis of Wig, Wig of Freawine, Freawine of Frithogar Frithogar of Brond, Brond of Baeldaeg, Baeldaeg of Woden, Woden of Frithowald, Frithowald of Frealaf, Frealaf of Frithuwulf, Frithuwulf of Finn, Finn of Godwulf, Godwulf of Geat, Geat of Taetwa, Taetwa of Beaw, Beaw of Sceldwa, Sceldwa of Heremod, Heremod of Itermon, Itermon of Hathra, Hathra of Hwala, Hwala of Bedwig, Bedwig of Sceaf, that is, the son of Noah, he was born in Noah's ark; Lamech, Matusalem, Enoh, Jaered, Malalahel, Camon, Enos, Seth, Adam the first man, and our Father, that is, Christ. Amen. And then Aethelwulf's two sons succeeded to the kingdom; Aethelbald succeeded to the kingdom of the West-Saxons; and Aethelbryht to the kingdom of the Kentish-men, and to the kingdom of the East-Saxons, and to Surrey, and to the kingdom of the South-Saxons; and then Aethelbald reigned five years. Aelfred his third son he had sent to Rome and when pope Leo [IV.] heard say that he [Aethelwulf] was dead, he consecrated Alfred king, and held him as his spiritual son at confirmation, even as his father Athewulf had requested on sending him thither. A.D. 855. And on his return homewards he took to (wife) the daughter of Charles, king of the French, whose name was Judith, and he came home safe. And then in about two years he died, and his body lies at Winchester; and he reigned eighteen years and a half, and he was the son of Ecgbryht. And then his two sons succeeded to the kingdom; Aethelbald to the kingdom of the West-Saxons, and Aethelbryht to the kingdom of the Kentish-men, and of the East-Saxons, and of Surrey, and of the SouthSaxons. And he reigned five years." A.D. 856-859. A.D. '860. This year died king Aethelbald, and his body lies at Sherborne; and Aethelbryht succeeded to all the realm of his brother, and he held it in goodly concord and in great tranquillity. And in his days a large ship-army came to land, and stormed Winchester. And Osric the ealdorman, with the men of Hampshire, Aethelwulf the ealdorman, with the men of Berkshire, fought against the army, and put the army to flight, and had possession of the place of carnage. And Aethelbryht reigned five years, and his body lies at Sherborne. A.D. 861. This year died St. Swithun the bishop. 1 The duration of his reign is from B. C. D. 2 To the end of the year from F. D. E. F., after p. 41, note 6. 5 Nine years, E; twenty years, F. army sat down in Thanet, and 3 Read, "his fourth son."-P. As at the beginning of the pedigree in the text given above. 7 A.D. 861, C. F. 9 F. 8 F. in continuation of A.D. 861. 10 A.D 866, C. |