of Carleton. The principal locality at which the ore has been mined is Jacksontown, situated about three and a half miles from Woodstock and about two miles from the west bank of the river St. John. As seen at this point, the orebeds (portions of which are true hematite, while others consist of hydrous peroxide of iron or limontite) are somewhat irregularly interstratified with a series of clay slates, usually bright red or brownish-red in immediate proximity to the ore, but elsewhere of a pale-grey colour, and which are highly inclined. The ore-beds, which vary in number, are from six inches to eight feet thick, the average being about three and a half feet. A considerable quantity of ore was at one time smelted here, but the works have long since been abandoned.Silurian.

Stewiacke, Colchester county, N. S.

459. Hematite.-Palæozoic.

Government of Nova Scotia.

The iron ores of Pictou county are of several kinds, including bog ore, limonite, hematite, clay ironstone, spathic ore, &c. Mr. Gilpin states, in his report entitled Mines and Minerals of Nova Scotia," that clay ironstone is found everywhere in the coal measures in irregular beds from five to forty inches thick, and yields thirty-five per cent. of metallic iron. Spathic ore, carrying manganese in considerable quantity and with only small amounts of phosphorus and sulphur, occurs in beds from six to ten feet thick on Sutherland's River. Limonite, which also carries a considerable amount of manganese, is found on the East River, in the vicinity of Springville, and is stated by Mr. Gilpin to be from fifteen to twenty-one feet thick. Limonite is also reported on St. Mary's River. Hematite is found in several localities; those known as the Blanchard and the Webster areas being the most important. In the former the deposit is stated to vary in width from thirty to one hundred feet, while in the latter it is supposed to have a thickness of fifteen to thirty feet. They are both on the east side of the East River, and on the west side of that stream other large deposits occur, which are considered to be the equivalents of those found in the great Londonderry Mine. Other veins of specular and magnetic iron ore are met with in the vicinity, but have not as yet been thoroughly tested. Hematite also occurs at Arisaig. Dr. B. J. Harrington, in an article entitled "Notes on the Iron Ores of Canada and their Development," which appeared in the Report of Progress of the Geological Survey of Canada for 1873-74, says, in speaking of these ores (p. 70):-"It is to be hoped also that something will soon be done towards developing the valuable deposits of iron ore in Pictou county. Here the ores are abundant and of varied character; they are near to the Pictou coal fields, whence coal, suitable for the manufacture of coke, could be obtained from a number of mines now in active operation. Limestone, suitable for a flux, occurs abundantly in the valley of the East River, the Intercolonial Railway passes through the coal fields and within a few miles of the ore deposits, and the harbour of Pictou affords an excellent port of shipment during six months of the year."

As above stated, the proximity of these ores to the limestones and coals of the Pictou and Cumberland Carboniferous basin should render them of great economic value, but although a considerable amount of money has been spent in testing the value and extent of the ore-beds, nothing has as yet been done in the way of smelting the ores. (See also Nos. 456 and 454.) -Devonian, Silurian and Cambro-Silurian,

Pictou county, N. S. Lease No. 29

J. H. Bartlett, Montreal, Q.

455. Specular iron ore.

These specimens are from an important deposit of ore occurring in slates and quartzites on the west side of the East River. The lode is from ten to twenty feet thick, and has occasional side veins. From a single pit which was sunk to a depth of thirty feet, about fifty tons of ore were obtained. A specimen examined by Dr. T. E. Thorpe, of the Andersonian University, Glasgow contained

The proximity of the Pictou coal field adds greatly to the value of this and other deposits of ore in the vicinity of the East River.-Silurian.

Pictou county, N.S., Lease No. 32 (Webster's)

457. a, Red hematite.
458.

J. H. Bartlett, Montreal, Q.

From what is known as the "Great Red Hematite Bed of McLellan's Mountain," a bed of ore occurring interstratified with slates and quartzites. The following analysis of a specimen of the ore is by Dr. Stevenson MacAdam of Edinburgh:

The bed is from fifteen to thirty feet thick, the angle of dip being from twenty-five to seventy-five degrees. The specimens are from about the centre of the area, where a section showed fifteen feet four inches of ore of uniform quality.-Lower Helderberg formation, Silurian.

Nictau, Annapolis county, N.S.

142. Red Hematite.-Silurian.

John Grant, Halifax, N.S.

Roman Valley, Guysborough county, N.S.

36. Specular iron ore.-Paleozoic.

Geological Survey.

Manchester, Guysborough county, N.S... Thos. Callahan, Manchester, N.S.

461. Specular iron ore.-Paleozoic.

Melrose, Guysborough county, N.S.....A. Cumminger, Guysborough, N.S. 549. Specular iron ore.-Paleozoic.

Kenney, Salmon River,

Salmon River, Guysborough county, N.S. Chysborough, N.S.

460. Specular iron ore.

Near Guysborough there are several deposits of specular iron ore. The most important of these was worked in 1872 by the Crane Iron Co., of Philadelphia, which took out about 3,000 tons of excellent ore, but the distance from a shipping point and the character of the roads over which the ore had to be carried prevented its profitable handling. The price at that time in the American market was from $7 to $8 per ton. It was used for lining puddling furnaces.Devonian.

St. Peter's, Cape Breton, N.S.

463. Specular iron ore.

{

Jos. Matheson, L'Ardoise, Cape
Breton, N.S.

Sydney, Cape Breton, N.S.....E. T. Moseley, Sydney, Cape Breton, N.S.

A bed ninety feet thick, occurring in anorthosite rock. The ore contains over forty per cent. of titanic acid, and about thirty-seven per cent. of metallic iron. In some parts of the bed orange-red grains of rutile are disseminated through the ilmenite. In 1873 two blast furnaces were erected near Bay

1L

St. Paul by The Canadian Titanic Iron Company, and attempts made to smelt the ilmenite with charcoal; but although good pig-iron was produced, the enterprise was soon abandoned, owing to the enormous consumption of fuel. Under the most favourable circumstances from 190 to 237 bushels of charcoal were required to make a ton of iron, while in some cases over 400 bushels were consumed.-Laurentian.

This ore is reported to yield from thirty-two to forty-four per cent. of iron It has been practically tested and proved to be of good quality.

St. Maurice Forges, Q.

Bog iron ore.

J. MacDougall & Sons, Three Rivers, Q.

Bog iron ores are of common occurrence in the provinces of Quebec and Ontario, more especially in the sandy tracts which often flank the Laurentian hills. The variety employed for smelting occurs in concretionary masses, which, on the fresh fracture, are sometimes dull or earthy, and at other times highly lustrous. The colour is usually yellowish-brown, but dark brown or black when much manganese is present. The concretions are scattered through the soil, or else form patches or continuous layers, which sometimes attain a thickness of several feet, though generally only a few inches in thickness. The specimens analysed contained on an average fifty per cent. of iron, but the yield in the furnace was generally only thirty to forty per cent., owing, no doubt, to the difficulty of freeing the ore from sand. The blast furnace at "St. Maurice Forges" was built as early as 1737, and is the oldest one in Canada. The fuel employed was entirely charcoal, and the flux was limestone from the Trenton formation. The usual charge was, bog iron ore 600 lbs., limestone 45 lbs., charcoal 16 bushels (the "minot "=2,250 cubic inches), weighing eleven to twelve pounds to the bushel. The pig iron produced was shipped to Montreal, and there manufactured into car wheels, for which long experience has shown it to be well adapted. Small quantities of wrought iron were also made in a hearth-finery. These works have been closed for several years. (No specimen exhibited.)-Alluvial.

Vaudreuil, County of Vaudreuil, Q........

33. Bog iron ore.

Geological Survey.

In the seigniory of Vaudreuil, at the confluence of the rivers Ottawa and St. Lawrence, bog iron ore is found in many places, but appears to be most abundant in Côte St. Charles, where in one place a bed is said to attain a thickness of eight feet. In St. Angelique, on what is known as the McGillis

property, and also in St. Elizabeth, the ore occurs in the form of brownish-black concretions, averaging about three-quarters of an inch in diameter, and containing a large proportion of oxide of manganese.

The specimen exhibited is from Côte St. Charles, where the ore generally contains over fifty per cent. of iron, and but little manganese.-Alluvial.

At this place a large deposit of limonite, varying in thickness and quality, occurs at the junction of the Lower Carboniferous and Silurian formations. The ore is sometimes massive, but more frequently in fibrous concretionary balls of large size, and in some places is associated with pyrolusite and manganite. (See general note on iron ores of Pictou county, page 29.)

The following analysis (Report of Progress of the Geological Survey, 1873-74, page 233, shows the ore to be of excellent quality :

:

Limestone suitable for a flux occurs in the immediate vicinity of the ore, and there are several coal mines in active operation only a few miles away.Junction of the Silurian and Carboniferous.

Brookfield, Colchester county, N.S.

223. Limonite.

..

{

SR. E. Chambers, New Glasgow,
Pictou county, N.S.

Limonite of excellent quality, and in masses often of large size, is found about three miles east of Brookfield station, and considerable quantities have been from time to time collected and shipped to Londonderry and elsewhere. Attempts have been made to find the bed from which these blocks were derived, but so far apparently without success, though there is evidently a large deposit in the immediate vicinity. The low price of ore at present prevents this from being profitably worked.-Devonian.

C