5. Cleveland (formerly Shipton,) lot 6, range 15........... Geological Survey. a. Specimens of roofing slate.

The Cleveland slates are a continuation of the Melbourne band. The Shipton Slate Company opened a quarry on them in 1854, and found them to be of superior quality. This quarry is now for sale. The slates of Orford may be on the same band, about ten or twelve miles to the S. E.; but the geological horizon of the Tring slates is uncertain, though they probably belong to the Quebec group. The Kingsey slates appear to be lower in the series than the magnesian group of strata.—Quebec group, Lower Silurian.

Flagstones.

....

1. Georgetown, Esquesing..
a. Specimen of flagstone.

Geological Survey.

This is a hard, fine-grained sandstone; and the surfaces are even and parallel. Many of the beds of the band, which is twenty feet thick, can be split into flagstones; which are used in the city of Toronto. Similar flagstones, used at Hamilton, are obtained from the same band there, and an equally good quality can be obtained wherever the band occurs.Grey band, Medina formation, Lower Silurian.

Hydraulic lime.

1. St. Catherines.....

a. Raw cement stone.

b. Prepared cement.

J. Brown, Thorold.

The bed which yields the Thorold cement is a dark brown dolomite of the Clinton formation. During the construction of various railway, and other public works, the quantity of cement manufactured by Mr. Brown averaged 80,000 bushels annually, but at present the quantity made does not exceed one-tenth of the amount. The present price of the cement is from twenty to twenty-five cents per bushel of sixty lbs.-Clinton formation, Middle Silurian.

The beds of this deposit are from two to eleven inches thick, occasionally separated by layers of shale, making in all fifteen feet. Cement has not yet been manufactured from this stone; and none is made within 100 miles of the locality, although there would, no doubt, be considerable demand for it in the neighborhood, were it prepared at the place. The locality is in the bank at a mill-dam on the Saugeen River, where an unlimited waterpower for grinding the cement may be had.-Onondaga formation, Upper Silurian.

3. Limehouse

...Geological Survey.

a. Raw cement stone.

b. Prepared cement.

This stone occurs in a band of nine feet thick, in beds varying from three to seven inches. The cement is manufactured in considerable quantities by Messrs. Bescoby and Newton. It sets slowly, and hardens during several weeks, after which it is said to possess great strength.-Clinton group, Middle Silurian.

4. Nepean

a. Raw cement stone.

Geological Survey.

Though the rock occurs in Nepean, its produce is usually designated as the Hull cement, from having been manufactured for several years, by Mr. Wright of Hull, opposite to Ottawa. The rock is a limestone holding about twelve per cent. of carbonate of magnesia, and it yields a strong and lasting cement. The bed to which it belongs, has been traced for nearly 100 miles through the country, preserving a very uniform character.-Chazy formation, Lower Silurian.

5. Rockwood

.....

a. Raw cement stone.

...Geological Survey.

This specimen comes from a band three and a half feet thick, associated with a layer of chert, and separating into beds averaging six inches. It is not worked, but could be easily quarried, and a good water-power for grinding is ready at the spot. -Niagara group, Middle Silurian.

6. Magdalen River.....

a. Raw cement stone.

Geological Survey.

These specimens of black dolomite are derived from the Mountain Portage, about five miles up the Magdalen River from its mouth. The stone occurs in beds of from two to four inches, interstratified in black graptolitic shales, and yields a very strong hydraulic cement, setting in a few minutes under water, to a very hard and tenacious mass of a yellowish color. Similar bands occur at the Grande Coupe, six miles below Great Pond River. The range of the formation containing these bands, being from Gaspé to Quebec, makes it probable that a considerable quantity of the stone may be obtained from various places along the south shore of the St. Lawrence. The stone differs from that at Quebec, from which Capt., now Major-General Baddeley, R.E., first prepared a cement, now manufactured by Mr. P. Gauvreau. This contains no magnesia, while the Gaspé stone is a dolomite.-Hudson River formation, Lower Silurian.

Common lime.

1. Guelph...

a. Raw limestone.

b. Prepared lime.

Geological Survey.

This lime is prepared from the Guelph dolomite or magnesian limestone. The stone takes rather longer to calcine than pure limestone; it slacks without the evolution of much heat, to a very white powder, much prized for whitewash and for mortar, which sets quickly. The stone occurs in unlimited quantities.-Guelph formation, Middle Silurian.

2. Walkerton....

.Geological Survey.

a. Raw limestone.

b. Prepared lime.

This remarkably white lime is burnt from a band of drab-colored magnesian limestone, seven feet thick. It makes a superior whitewash and a strong cement.—Onondaga formation, Upper Silurian.

3. Montreal...

a. Raw limestone.

Geological Survey.

b. Prepared lime.

This limestone, which yields the best stone for the purposes of construction at Montreal, also burns to excellent lime, and the refuse which accumulates in the process of quarrying the building stone, is used for that purpose. The quantity of lime manufactured at Montreal is estimated to be 270,000 bushels per annum, and the price is about $0.163 per bushel.

Common bricks.

1. Owen Sound..

a. Red bricks.

Geological Survey.

These bricks are made from a drab-colored clay, which has been dug to a depth of four feet. White bricks are made from the same clay by using a different sand. The deposit is not extensive.-Drift.

2. Walkerton, Brant, lot 31, range 2, south

a. Red bricks.

Geological Survey.

These bricks are made from a bed of nine feet of purplish-brown finely laminated clay, reposing on twenty feet of highly calcareous sand.-Drift.

3. St. Jean, County of Lotbinière.....

a. Red bricks.

Geological Survey.

These specimens are manufactured from a thinly laminated blue clay, which the brickmakers of the place state to be upwards of 100 feet thick, and which requires a mixture of one-third of sand for the manufacture. In 1852 about 2,000,000 bricks were manufactured there by seven brick makers.-Drift.

4. Montreal....

a. Common red bricks; price $5.50 per 1000.

..Peel & Compte, Montreal.

Messrs. Peel & Compte manufacture 6,000,000 common bricks annually, which are sold at from $5 to $6 per 1000.

The red bricks of Montreal are manufactured from a blue clay of marine origin, which is interstratified with reddish layers, and runs under a deposit of sand. The clay has been excavated to a depth of twenty feet, and may be deeper, as the same formation is known

to have a greater thickness in other localities. Its marine origin is proved by the occurrence of sea shells, of about six species in the pure clay, and about thirty in the sandy clay immediately overlying it; all probably the same as species now inhabiting the ocean. Our knowledge of the fossils of these deposits has been greatly extended by the researches of Dr. Dawson, of McGill College, who has more than doubled the number of shells known a few years since, and added to the list many species of Bryozoa, Foraminifera, and other small forms. The remains of the capeling (Mallotus villosus) and the lump-sucker (Cyclostomus lumpus) are obtained from the same clays near Ottawa, and a clay-pit of Messrs. Peel & Compte, on Côteau Baron, has yielded nineteen of the caudal vertebræ of a cetacean, similar to a species discovered in Vermont by the late Mr. Zadock Thompson, and named by Mr. C. H. Hitchcock, Beluga Vermontana. On Côteau Baron these remains were accompanied by one of the pelvic bones of a seal, by sea-shells, and by fragments of white cedar, Thuya occidentalis. The locality is about 140 feet above the level of the sea. In another of Messrs. Peel & Compte's pits there has recently been found a nearly entire skeleton of the Greenland seal (Phoca Grænlandica,) a species still living in the Gulf of St. Lawrence; from the size of the head, the animal appears to have been six feet long, and full grown. Within a few days, a clay-pit of Messrs. Bulmer and Sheppard has given many of the bones of some other animal, supposed to be a seal, of much smaller dimensions. The brick yards are situated to the north-east of Mount Royal, on a plateau of considerable extent; above which, well-marked sea margins occur on the sides of the mountain, at elevations of 220, 386, 440 and 470 feet above the sea level, with marine shells up to the last mentioned height.—Alluvion.

The quantity of bricks manufactured by Messrs. Bulmer & Sheppard is equal to 6,000,000 per annum. In this manufacture they use Boaden's brick-making machine.—Alluvion.

6. Hanover, Brant......

a. White bricks.

Geologica. Survey

The specimens are manufactured from a brownish laminated clay, which burns white, and is underlaid by a considerable deposit of sand. Either red or white bricks are made of this clay, according to the sand used.-Drift.

7. Toronto......

a. White bricks.

...

Geological Survey.

The deposit of clay, from which these white bricks are manufactured at Toronto, has a thickness exceeding sixty feet, and extends eastward, at least as far as Cobourg. It appears to be unconformably overlaid by a bed, which is three feet thick, giving red bricks. The white brick-clay lies in very even horizontal strata, while the other undulates with the general surface, not however descending to the bottom of deep ravines. The average annual manufacture of white bricks in Toronto is from three to five millions, and the ordinary price at the kiln is from $5.50 to $6.00 per 1000. The price of common red bricks is from $3 to 84 per 1000, and the average annual manufacture, including all kinds, is from eight to ten millions.-Drift.

Drain tiles.

1. North Plantagenet....

a. One-and-a-half-inch red agricultural drain tiles.

.... C. P. Treadwell, L'Orignal.

These tiles are manufactured by Thomas Gibb, at Treadwell, North Plantagenet, from a blue clay which forms a considerable deposit on the banks of the Ottawa. The price of these tiles is $10 per 1000.

2. Quebec...

a. Clay used in making sewerage pipe tiles.
b. A six inch sewerage pipe tile.

.H. O'Donnell, C.E., Quebec.

These tiles are manufactured by Messrs. W. & D. Bell, from a deposit of clay, varying in thickness from three feet to thirty feet, on the river St. Charles, between one and two miles from Quebec. They are used for main sewers and house drains, in the city of Quebec, where 151,000 feet of them have been laid. They are united by means of rings of the same material, which cover the joints, and permit alterations and repairs without breaking the pipes. When in place, the pipes are capable of resisting a pressure of fifty lbs. to the square inch, and, when properly glazed with a composition, (the base of which is oxyd of lead,) which is applied either within and without, or within only, they remain free from the incrustations that are found to gather on the inside of iron pipes. The prices of these drain-tiles are:

In the Eastern Townships, stones of a good grit for the purpose of whetstones are found in several places. A band of this kind runs from Whetstone Island in Memphramagog Lake, lot 15, range 1, of Stanstead, by Lee's Pond to the head of Massawippi Lake, in Hatley; a distance of nearly twelve miles, and it may be available much further. The rock appears to be a mica slate, passing into an argillite, and its stratigraphical place would seem to be above the magnesian series. There is also a range of whetstone rock on each side of the anticlinal running from Melbourne to Danville, beneath the magnesian rocks. This rock again appears on the north-west side of the Shipton and St. Armand synclinal, in Kingsey, and good samples of the stone occur on lot 7, range 2 of the township, where whetstones were some years ago manufactured by Messrs. Gilmour & Jackman. They are much softer than the Memphramagog stones, the rock being probably more argillaceous. The Bolton stone very much resembles that of Memphramagog, but its stratigraphical place is probably the same as that of Kingsey.—Quebec group, Lower Silurian.