southward one swelled to a breadth of more than fifteen fathoms. The depth to which the ground has been worked on the general slope of the bed, is about ten fathoms; the cupriferous rock at this depth has a breadth of about twelve feet in a shaft on the northern mass, and shews rich ore in the floor and the parts adjacent; but with the exception of what is called Pike's pit, in the most southern part, the floors of the other masses do not at present exhibit that same abundance of ore which characterized the upper part. The working of the mine, however, up to the present time, has been confined to the extraction of the rich ore which was in sight. Little or nothing has been done for discovery, and it cannot be said how near to the present floor of the mine, may be found other masses similar to those that have been excavated. Beyond these masses, in opposite directions on the surface, the ore becomes more scattered in the strata; but there is evidence of its continuance for several hundred feet, in spots and patches, occasionally aggregated into masses of much less importance than the three principal ones. In the first few weeks' work in 1859, about 300 tons of ore, containing nearly thirty per cent. of copper were quarried, in open cuttings, from two of the masses, without making much apparent impression on the quantity in sight. The total quantity sent from the mine up to the end of 1861, is said to be nearly 6000 tons; holding on the average about seventeen per cent. of copper.-Quebec group, Lower Silurian.

5. Upton Mine, Upton, lot 51, range 20......

G. B. Moore & Co., Montreal.

a. Yellow sulphuret of copper, from a bed. The band of dolomite, which sinks with a north-westward dip at Acton, rises again at Upton, on the opposite side of a synclinal form, at a distance of about six miles. Here, about twenty feet in the upper portion of the band are marked by the yellow sulphuret of copper; which is disseminated in the rock, as if in a bed, the ore being most abundant in the lower part. The rock is at the same time cut by many reticulating strings and veins of calcspar, which hold ore. An open cutting has been made on the outcrop of the bed; the quantity of ore obtained, is stated by the proprietors to be forty tons, and a sample, represented by them to be an average one, yielded to the analysis of Mr. C. Robb, fourteen per cent. of copper. The quantity of rock which has been excavated is uncertain.-Quebec group, Lower Silurian.

6. Bissonette's Mine, Upton, lot 49, range 20.....

Geological Survey.

a. Yellow sulphuret of copper, from a bed. From the position where the rock has been wrought in the previous mine, the band of dolomite runs south-westward for nearly a mile, and then appears to be thrown upwards of half a mile to the south-westward, by a dislocation. Bissonette's mine is on the south-west side of the dislocation, and apparently in the same stratigraphical place in the band, as the Upton mine. The bed is about three and a half feet thick, and the ore lies in dis seminated masses of various sizes, up to twenty inches long, by from six to nine inches thick. The bed might probably yield from a half to three fourths of a ton of ten per cent. ore to a fathom.-Quebec group, Lower Silurian.

7. Wickham Mine, Wickham, lot 15, range 10.....Pomroy, Adams & Co., Sherbrooke. a. Yellow, variegated and vitreous sulphurets of copper, from a bed.

b. Plan of the mine, by Messrs. Willson & Robb.

This ore occurs in masses, disseminated in what appears to be a bed, of uncertain thickness, in the same band of dolomite as that of the Acton mine. An experimental shaft has recently been sunk on it to a depth of about five fathoms, in which good bunches of ore have been met with. About four tons of thirty per cent. ore have been obtained from the excavation.-Quebec group, Lower Silurian.

8. Yale's Mine, Durham, lot 21, range 7 .....Pomroy, Adams & Co., Sherbrooke. a. Yellow sulphuret of copper, from a lode.

b. Plan of the mine, by Messrs. Willson & Robb.

At this mine, several veins, carrying more or less copper, intersect a mass of magnesian limestone, which is supposed to belong to the same band as that of the Acton mine. The veins have a general bearing north-eastward, and trial shafts have been sunk on three of them, the thicknesses of which vary from six to thirty inches. The vein-stone is calcspar, with a little quartz, occasionally mixed with portions of the wall rock. On the most northwestern vein, the excavation is two fathoms deep, and reaches black shale beneath the limestone. On the middle one, which is eighteen feet to the south-east, the excavation is six fathoms deep, again reaching black shale; and on the third, twenty-four feet farther to the south-eastward, a shaft sunk about four fathoms, is still in magnesian limestone. In this shaft, the vein has an underlie to the south-eastward of about a foot in a fathom, and in a breadth of from six to twelve inches, shows good lumps of ore, mixed with calcspar and wall rock.-Quebec group, Lower Silurian.

9. Black River Mine, St. Flavien....

a. Yellow sulphuret of copper, from a bed.

Shaw, Bignol & Hunt, Quebec.

At St. Flavien, about five leagues above the Chaudière, and two leagues from the St. Lawrence, red shales occur, underlaid by a band of amygdaloidal diorite; this appears to occupy the place of the magnesian limestone, to which the band at Acton belongs. It is between a quarter and half a mile wide, and limestones occur both at the summit and at the base of the band, which in those parts appear to be of a concretionary, or conglomerate and brecciated character; being composed, particularly at the base, of rounded and angular masses of amygdaloidal diorite, varying in diameter from two inches to two feet. Many of these are calcareous, and much of the rock is red. The interstices among the masses are filled with calcspar, which is transversely fibrous towards the walls, and incloses crystallized quartz in the centre. This band is highly cupriferous, and ores of copper occur both in the beds, and in veins or lodes which cut them: the bearing of the veins, however being with the strike. The ore in the beds is copper pyrites, large masses of which, similar to the one exhibited, are associated with the limestones at the top. The veins, in addition to copper pyrites, hold the variegated and vitreous sulphurets. In one spot, native copper occurs in small masses, in the conglomerate at the base of the diorite. The whole band has a striking resemblance to some of the rocks of the Upper Copper-bearing series of Lake Superior.Quebec group, Lower Silurian.

N.B.-A band of diorite very similar to the one above mentioned, and perhaps a continuation of it, occurs at Drummondville on the St. Francis, where the band is half a mile wide. On lot 1, range 1, of Wendover, it holds yellow, variegated and vitreous sulphurets of copper, which run in six or seven thin veins or courses, formed by breaks and slips in the diorite, within a breadth of 350 yards.

The rocks of the Quebec group, which are almost wholly on the south side of the St. Lawrence, are distributed in long narrow parallel synclinal forms, running N.E. and S.W. For the convenience of geological description, these have been divided into: 1st, The Lauzon and Farnham synclinal, which is the one most to the N. W.; 2nd, The Shipton and St. Armand synclinal, continued, to the N. E., in the Shipton and Leeds synclinal. Between these two synclinals runs the Bayer and Stanbridge anticlinal, and beyond them, to the S. E., is the Danville and Sutton anticlinal. From this, there branch, in the neighborhood of the St. Francis, the Sutton Mountain anticlinal, and the Melbourne and Potton anticlinal. The six copper-bearing beds and veins that have been mentioned, 4-9, are all included in the Lauzon and Farnham synclinal.

10. Harvey's Hill Mine, Leeds, lot 18, range 15. English & Canadian Mining Co., Quebec.

a. Variegated and vitreous sulphurets of copper, from Hall's lode.

c. Yellow, variegated, and vitreous sulphurets of copper, from lowest bed.

e. Variegated and vitreous sulphurets, dressed on copper-bottom sieves.
f. A plan of the mine, by Mr. Herbert Williams.

At Harvey's Hill mine, there occur in a breadth of about 1000 feet, eight courses with a north-eastward bearing, composed chiefly of quartz, with various proportions of bitter-spar, chlorite and calespar. They all cut the strata, with an underlie, at high angles, to the northwestward, and hold, in greater or less quantities, the yellow, variegated and vitreous sulphurets of copper. These quartz courses, which appear to have lenticular forms, occasionally extend upwards of 100 fathoms horizontally; some of them have shown a width of as much as seven feet in the thickest part, occasionally carrying, for short distances, as much as two tons of twenty per cent. ore to a fathom. The rock of the country is a talcoid mica slate, which from its lustre is called nacreous slate. To prove the quartz courses in a downward direction, an adit level is being driven through these slates, from the north side of thehill, at a level of thirty-seven fathoms below its summit. The length of this adit, when complete, will be 220 fathoms.. The same sulphurets of copper which characterize the quartz courses, occur also in beds conformable with the stratification. Of these there are three at Harvey's Hill. The lowest one, resting on a six-feet bed of soapstone, is six inches thick; fifteen feet above this there is another, three inches thick, and twenty fathoms, still higher, one varying in thickness from twenty to thirty inches. In these beds, the ore is distributed through the nacreous slate in patches, generally of a lenticular form; they are usually thin, but sometimes attain one half to three-fourths of an inch in the thickest part, and occasionally present, in section, lines of six inches, or even twelve inches in length. The patches interlock, one overlapping another, with variable distances between; while many single crystals and grains of ore are disseminated through the whole thickness of the beds. The quantity of ore obtained from the mine is uncertain; the number of men employed is about fifty.-Quebec group, Lower Silurian.

11. St. Francis Mine, Cleveland, lot 25, range 12

a. Yellow sulphuret of copper, from a vein.

Flowers, Mackie & Co.

b. Plan of the mine, by Messrs. Willson & Robb. The ore is disseminated in a vein, slightly oblique to the stratification of a quartzochloritic rock, frequently studded with nodules of orthoclase feldspar, often surrounding small centres of quartz; the nodules give to the rock the aspect of an amygdaloid trap. The bed has an average thickness of three feet, and the rock is supposed to occupy a higher stratigraphical place than the Acton dolomite. The vein is traced, running N. E., for ninety fathoms. Five or six small excavations, each of a few fathoms in length, have been made in the outcrop, to the depth of two feet, and in these the variegated and vitreous ores are mixed with the yellow sulphuret.-Quebec group, Lower Silurian.

12. Jackson's Mine, Cleveland, lot 26, range 13........

Griffiths & Brothers.

a. Variegated and vitreous sulphurets of copper, from a bed. The bed to which this ore is subordinate, is of the same character as that of the St. Francis mine. It dips north-westward, at a high angle, and is about twelve inches thick; a shaft has been sunk in it to a depth of three and a half fathoms. Ten fathoms to the east, and fifteen fathoms to the west of this, other copper-bearing beds occur, composed of an amygdaloidal chloritic rock like that of the St. Francis mine, one of them three feet and the other five feet thick. In these the ore is sparingly disseminated.-Quebec group, Lower Silurian.

13. Coldspring Mine, Melbourne, lot 6, range 2 ..

....Flowers, Mackie & Co.

a. Variegated and vitreous sulphurets of copper, from a bed.

b. Plan of the mine, by Messrs. Willson & Robb.

The bed from which these specimens are derived, is composed of quartz and nacreous slate, in which the ore is disseminated in thin interlocking lenticular patches, and in grains; as in the beds of Harvey's Hill mine. The dip of the strata is north-westward, at an angle of about forty-five degrees. Last summer, a shaft was sunk to cut the bed at seven fathoms, but none of the ore has yet been stoped. In a breadth of 120 feet across the strata, on one side of the shaft, and 80 feet on the other, there are several parallel bands of cupriferous strata, marked chiefly by the green carbonate of copper, but showing occasional indications of the variegated and vitreous sulphurets. What the productiveness of the ground may be, has, however, not yet been ascertained.-Quebec group, Lower Silurian.

14. Sweet's Mine, Sutton, lot 8, range 10............ S. Sweet & Co., North Sutton. a. Variegated and viteeous sulphurets of copper, from a bed.

The ore occurs in nacreous slate, in which it is disseminated in thin, lenticular patches and in grains, as in Harvey's Hill mine. The thickness varies from one to about four and a half feet, and the beds dip N. 77° W. <86°-90°. In this attitude it is visible for 170 yards, and is traceable for a mile, running parallel with a band of dolomite, which is removed from it about half a mile across the strike, to the eastward. Nodules of magnesian limestone are disseminated in the slate, close along the eastern side of the part charged with copper ore. The band of dolomite is supposed to be in the same stratigraphical place as that of Acton, but it occurs on the eastward side of a distinct synclinal form, the axis of which is separated from that to which the Acton band belongs, by about twelve or fifteen miles. A sample of the whole breadth of the bed, where it is four and a half feet, yielded to analysis four and a half per cent. of copper. A pit of ten fathoms deep was, last year, sunk down the incline of the bed, and a small quantity of the ore stoped out at the bottom.-Quebec group, Lower Silurian.

15. Craig's Range Mine, Chester, lot 8, range 5........ G. D. Robertson & Co. a. Vitreous sulphuret of copper, with green carbonate, from a vein.

The vein, which is composed of quartz, has a thickness of about two feet. It runs with the strike, in chloritic slate, and has been uncovered for a fathom or two along it. It shows enclosed masses of the ore, but the work done is not sufficient to authorise any statement in regard to the quantity.-Quebec group, Lower Silurian.

N.B.-The six copper-bearing beds and lodes, 10-15, are all within the Shipton and St. Armand synclinal. Indications of copper occur in a great number of localities in this synclinal, in testing a good many of which, there have been expended considerable sums. These indications run through Stukely, Ely, Melbourne, Cleveland, Shipton, Chester, Halifax, Inverness and Leeds, and cross the Chaudière into the seigniory of St. Mary.

16. Nicolet Branch Mine, Ham, lot 28, range 4............ Geological Survey. a. Yellow and variegated sulphurets of copper, from a bed.

The ore of this mine occurs at the summit of a band of slaty dolomite about 100 feet thick. At the spot the rock dips S. 10° E. <46°, and runs thence in a general eastwardly direction. For a thickness of about thirty feet, in which nacreous slate is mixed with the dolomite, the ore is disseminated in lenticular patches of various sizes, sometimes measuring several feet in length, with a thickness of an inch or more in the centre. The patches interlock among one another, and appear to be in sufficient abundance to

be profitably wrought. The dolomite crosses the north branch of the Nicolet River, producing a considerable fall in the stream; which is thirty feet wide, and would afford abundant water-power for crushing and dressing the ore.-Quebec group, Lower Silurian.

17. Garthby, lot 22, range (north) 1......................

a. Iron and copper pyrites, from a bed.

.....Geological Survey.

This appears to be a large mass of iron and copper pyrites, subordinate to the strata, which here consist of calcareous serpentine, and run N.E. and S.W., with a dip about S. E. <50°. The entire thickness of the mass is uncertain, but the breadth in which the sulphurets are more or less mingled with the rock, is probably not less than twenty feet. In some parts sulphuret of iron prevails, almost to the exclusion of that of copper, while in others there is as much as eight per cent of copper; some parts assume the aspect of what, among Cornish miners, is termed bell-metal ore. An opening has been made in the mass, eight feet in length, four feet in height, and four feet wide; in this, the two sulphurets occur unequally mixed with one another, but nearly free from the rock of the country. -Quebec group, Lower Silurian.

18. Haskell Hill Mine, Ascot, lot 8, range 8....

a. Yellow sulphuret of copper, from a bed.

b. Plan of the mine, by Messrs. Willson and Robb.

Thos. Mc Caw, Montreal

The bed is five feet thick, and occurs in a calcareous chloritic slate. The mine has been opened on a twist in the stratification, giving three courses of ore in the breadth of eighty feet, but the general plane of the bed dips about S. <65°. A pit has been sunk on the incline of the bed to a depth of five and a half fathoms from the surface, and the ore obtained from the excavation, without any dressing, has been sent to Boston, where it has yielded on an average about eight per cent. of pure copper. The quantity of such ore obtained from the bed by five men in five months, is about 100 tons. The bed is traceable for a considerable distance in opposite directions from the pit, and carries copper as far as it has been tried. The horizon of the strata of this mine is supposed to be higher than the dolomite of Acton, and to be approximatively equivalent to the chloritic slates of the Shipton and St. Armand synclinal. The rock of Haskell Hill composes a belt of ridgy land, running from Owl's Head to Ham Mountain, forming in its progress the Stoke mountains. It spreads out to a width of about seven miles on the St. Francis, and shows indications of copper near Sherbrooke, on the land of Mr. Sheriff Bowen, and in several other places. A vein on lot 17, range 7, of Ascot, within a mile of Sherbrooke, in addition to the yellow sulphuret of copper, has been found to hold traces of gold.—Quebec group, Lower Silurian.

N.B.-Besides the fifteen localities of copper-bearing beds and veins belonging to the Quebec group, which have been described above (4-18), nearly 200 additional localities, on separate lots of 200 acres each, in which indications of the metal occur, are known in the same region.

Native Copper.

1. Harrison's Location, St. Ignace Island, Lake Superior....Geological Survey. a. Mass of native copper from a lode.

On the Chenal Ecarté, at the east end of St. Ignace Island, the vein from which the above specimen is derived, cuts a thick mass of amygdaloidal diorite, which lies conformably with the strata, there dipping S. <9°. The vein is about four or five inches wide, and holds masses of native copper, many of them weighing upwards of 100 lbs., accompanied by native silver, in a gangue of calcspar. The underlie of the vein is N. <70°.