4. Hull, lot 11, range

7

Geological Survey.

a. Specimen of magnetic iron ore.

A bed of about ninety feet in thickness. It is surrounded by gneiss, and appears to present the form of a dome, through the summit of which there protrudes an underlying mass of crystalline limestone. Messrs. Forsyth & Company, smelters, of Pittsburg, commenced mining this ore, in 1854, for the supply of their own furnaces at Pittsburg, exporting the ore by the way of Kingston, on Lake Ontario, to which it was conveyed by the Rideau Canal. Up to 1858 they had exported about 8000 tons of ore, but the opening of the Newborough mine, more favorably situated in regard to the shipping port, induced them to obtain their supply from the latter, and no ore is now exported from Hull. The ore contains between sixty and seventy per cent. of iron. In some parts of the bed it is mingled with a little graphite.-Laurentian.

5. Grenville, lot 3, range 3.......

a. Specimen of magnetic iron ore.

Geological Survey.

A bed of about ten feet thick in gneiss, on the property of Mr. Thomas Loughran.-Laurentian.

6. Grandison....

a. Specimen of magnetic iron ore.

Geological Survey.

A bed of about twenty feet thick in gneiss, on government land.-Laurentian.

7. Madoc, lot 11, range 5..................

a. Specimens of magnetic iron ore.

G. Seymour, Madoc.

A bed of twenty-five feet thick in gneiss, on the property of Mr. Seymour, the exhibitor, who formerly smelted the ore at his own furnace, making from it iron of a very fine quality. The furnace is not now in blast. The ore is very free from sulphur, and yields to analysis about seventy per cent. of iron. The beds of rock in immediate contact with the ore are soft, black, and very micaceous, and thin seams of a similar character appear occasionally to cut the ore bed diagonally. Masses of actinolite are disseminated in the ore, and yellow uranite has been found investing small cracks. The ore is a natural magnet, displaying strong polarity.-Laurentian.

8. South Sherbrooke, lot 14, range 1

a. Specimen of magnetic iron ore.

...A. Cowan, Kingston.

A bed of about twelve feet thick in gneiss. The ore, which contains between sixty and seventy per cent. of iron, is of very uniform character. The proprietor has recently mined about 300 tons, which are about to be drawn to the Rideau Canal. A small quantity of it has been tried at Mr. Gzowski's iron works, at Toronto, and the ore is found to be well adapted for lining furnaces.-Laurentian.

..John Orton, Hastings Road.

9. Hastings Road, N. side

.....

a. Specimen of magnetic iron ore.

A bed in gneiss, the property of the exhibitor.-Laurentian.

Ilmenite or Titaniferous Iron Ore with Rutile.

1. St. Urbain, Bay St. Paul......

a. Specimen of Ilmenite.

Geological Survey.

A bed of ninety feet thick, which is exposed for 300 feet on the strike, and is traceable for about a mile. The ore has yielded to analysis:

In some parts of the bed, rutile is disseminated in the ilmenite, in small red crystalline grains. The ore is interstratified in anorthosite rock.-Laurentian.

Galena or Sulphuret of Lead.

1. Gaspé, Indian Cove....

LEAD.

a. Undressed lead ore from the lode.
b. Hand-picked prills.

.C. C. Closter, Gaspé Basin.

A vein transversely cutting stratified limestone, which dips about S. W. <24° and rises northward into a hill about 700 feet in height, constituting Gaspé promontory. The vein has a width of about eighteen inches, and is composed of calcspar, holding disseminated masses of galena. A trial shaft of twenty feet in depth, has been sunk on the vein, and from this and from several small veins running parallel with the main one, about six tons of ore of sixty per cent. have been obtained.-Lower Helderberg group, Upper Silurian.

2. Upton, lots 50, 51, range 4...

a. Undressed lead ore.

.James Wright & Co.

A bed composed of dolomite, with irregularly disseminated patches of galena, varying in thickness from one to four inches, but not easily traceable on the strike. The bed occurs in the upper part of a band of dolomite of from 200 to 300 feet thick, which has been followed a long distance through the country.-Quebec group, Lower Silurian.

3. Ramsay Mines, Ramsay, lot 3, range 6..

a. Prills of lead ore as taken from the lode.

b. Hand-picked prill.

c. Sorted lead ore, prepared for the crusher.

d. Pig lead run from the furnace.

e. Slag, from the smelting of eighty per cent. ore.

f. A plan of the mine by Mr. E. Banfield.

Foley & Co., Montreal.

A vein cutting nearly horizontal beds of grey, geodiferous, brown-weathering dolomite. The vein is composed of calcspar, and has a breadth varying from two and a half to five feet, in which the galena is disseminated in a width of from eight to twenty-four inches. In some portions the vein is almost dead ground, while in others, judging by the eye, it would yield nearly two tons of eighty per cent, ore per fathom. The bearing of the lode is about N. W., and its underlie to the north-eastward, about a foot in a fathom. A trial

shaft has been sunk on the lode to the depth of thirty-seven feet, and the working of seventy-five fathoms of ground, in 1858, yielded twenty-six tons of ore of eighty per cent. A smelting furnace was erected to reduce the ore, and a ten horse-power engine used to give blast to the furnace and dry the shaft, but a considerable spring of water having been struck, it became necessary to erect a more powerful engine, and one of fifty horse-power has just been completed. The dolomite is underlaid conformably by sand. stone, which crops out about a mile from the mine, and is unconformably supported by crystalline limestone and gneiss of Laurentian age. About 105 fathoms southeastward from the main shaft, a counter-lode joins the main one, at an angle of about 20°; its course being nearly N. N. E. and S. S. W. At the junction of the two lodes a shaft has been sunk in sandstone, to a depth of twenty-one feet, and in the excavation of the pit in which the united lodes have a breadth of ten feet, there have been obtained about seven tons of ore of twenty per cent.-Calciferous formation, Lower Silurian.

4. Lansdowne, lot 3, range 8...........

a. Undressed lead ore.

b. Plan of lodes by Mr. E. Banfield.

Geological Survey.

Ore from a vein cutting crystalline limestone, and running N. 60° W. The vein has a thickness of from six to twelve inches, and is composed of calcspar, in which the galena is disseminated in lumps; which, in a trial shaft of about fifty feet, sunk in 1854, on the land of Mr. Buel, were sufficient to pay the expenses. The largest of these lumps may have been five or six inches in width. A counter-lode diverges from the main one near the shaft, and in this neighborhood, there occur four additional lead-bearing veins, running parallel with the main one, all contained in a breadth of about 1000 feet. They run obliquely across the lots, and thus intersect the lands of several proprietors. On lot four of the same range, Messrs. Foley & Co., of Montreal, have sunk a small shaft on one of the lodes.-Laurentian.

5. Bedford, lot 19, range 7

a. Undressed lead ore.

...

Geological Survey.

Ore from one of five nearly parallel lodes, cutting crystalline limestone, in a breadth of about a quarter of a mile, on the property of Mr. Weston Hunt, of Quebec. The gangue of the lode is a mixture of heavy spar and calcspar. About a mile to the eastward of these, are other nearly parallel lodes, also cutting crystalline limestone, on land belonging to the same proprietor. Shallow trial shafts were many years ago sunk on some of these, but what quantity of lead ore was obtained in them, is not known. On lot 13, range 5, of Bedford, Messrs. Foley & Co. of Montreal, have sunk a trial shaft to a depth of fourteen feet, on a lead-bearing lode of six inches, of which the gangue is heavy spar. It cuts crystalline limestone, and reaches gneiss, and in both rocks shows good bunches of ore. This lode is about three miles south-west from those first mentioned, and runs parallel with them.-Laurentian.

N.B.-The distance between the Lansdowne and Bedford lodes is about twenty-five miles; they bear for one another, and it appears not at all improbable that the veins in the two localities may be identical, or belong to one group. If a line from the Bedford to the Lansdowne lodes were continued twenty-five miles farther, it would cross the St. Lawrence, aud strike Rossie in St. Lawrence County, New York, where a well known group of veins of lead ore intersects Laurentian gneiss. Though just now abandoned, some of these are supposed to be still unexhausted, and two of them are known, at one period, to have yielded a great quantity of ore; one of them as much as $142 worth to a fathom. The Ramsay lode belongs to a series of veins which run parallel with those of Bedford, at a distance of about forty miles to the north-eastward, and, although the two groups cut different rocks, both are probably of one age, which would not be older than that of the Calciferous formation of the Lower Silurian series.

Sulphurets of Copper.

COPPER.

1. Escott, lot 7, range 2, near Brockville....

Geological Survey.

a. Yellow sulphuret of copper, with iron pyrites and magnetic

oxyd of iron, from a bed running N. E. and S. W.

This bed is interstratified in gneiss, and consists of magnetic oxyd of iron of about six inches thick, which near a cutting, made for the convenience of the Grand Trunk Railway, was ascertained to be underlaid by copper pyrites. This was mined, and found to be a lenticular mass, extending about twelve feet continuously in the bed, with a thickness of ten inches in the middle. This mass was nearly pure copper pyrites, in which thin leaves of hydrated peroxyd of iron ran in cracks and joints. In some parts calcspar was present in short, thin veins and small specks, and iron pyrites was disseminated in others, increasing in quantity as it approached the north-west side; into which the copper pyrites appeared to run for short distances. Traces of cobalt occur in the iron pyrites. About twenty tons of the copper ore were obtained, but after the mass became exhausted, no excavation through the dead ground was made in search of a farther quantity. It is stated that another mass of copper ore has since been found at the surface, a short distance to the S. W. The details relating to it have not been ascertained, farther than that it is said to be three feet thick, and that a sample, which was an average of nine inches of the breadth, yielded ten per cent. of copper to the analysis of Mr. McFarlane. -Laurentian.

At the Bruce mines, a group of lodes traverses the location in a north-westward direction, intersecting a thick mass of interstratified greenstone trap. The strata here present an anticlinal form, the lodes running along the crown of it. All of the lodes contain more or less copper ore, which is disseminated in a gangue of quartz. The main lode, which is worked with another of about the same thickness, is, on an average, from two to four feet wide. In a careful examination made in 1848, about 3000 square fathoms of these lodes were computed to contain about 6 per cent. of copper. The quantity of ore obtained from the mine, since its opening in 1847, is stated to be about 9000 tons of eighteen per cent. The quantity obtained in 1861 was 472 tons of seventeen per cent. The deepest working is fifty fathoms from the surface. The number of men employed is thirty-four. Smelting furnaces, on the reverberatory principle, were erected at the mine in 1853; the fuel used in these was bituminous coal imported from Cleveland; but after a trial of three years, the Company themselves ceased smelting, and subsequently leased their smelting works to Mr. H. R. Fletcher. At present, the ores are in part sent to the Baltimore market, and in part to the United Kingdom.-Huronian.

The lodes of the Wellington Mine are probably a north-westward continuation of those of the Bruce Mine. They are of the same general character, some of them occasionally reaching a thickness of ten feet. They occur on the ground of the Montreal Mining Com. pany, from whom they are leased by the West Canada Mining Company at a royalty and continue into the adjoining set, called the Huron Copper Bay location, where they are worked by the same Company. The quantity of ore obtained by this Company, from the Wellington mine, since 1857, is a little over 6000 tons of twenty per cent. In 1861, the quantity was 1175 tons of nineteen per cent., and from the Huron Copper Bay mine, probably about 1300 tons; making the total quantity obtained by the two mining companies in that year about 3000 tons. The deepest working on the West Canada Company's ground is about twenty fathoms. The number of men employed on the Wellington and Copper Bay mines is supposed to be about 260. All of the ore raised by this Company is sent to the United Kingdom.-Huronian.

4. Acton Mine, Acton, lot 32, range 3.. W. H. A. Davies and C. Dunkin, Montreal. a. Variegated sulphuret of copper, from the bed.

e. Waste from the tyes.

f. A polished slab of the conglomerate ore.

g. Rock of the country at the mine.

h. Plan of the mine, by Messrs. Willson & Robb.

The ore of the Acton mine occurs in masses subordinate to the stratification, at the summit of a band of greyish-white and reddish-grey compact sub-crystalline dolomite, from 200 to 300 feet thick, belonging to the base of the Quebec group. The dolomite is divided into massive beds; it is associated with a good deal of chert, and encloses mammillated fibrous concretionary forms, resembling those of travertine. At the summit, the dolomite often terminates in a breccia or conglomerate, with angular and rounded masses of limestone, intermingled with ragged, irregular masses of chert. In many places the dolomite is marked by the occurrence of the yellow, variegated and vitreous sulphurets of copper, which are in patches, running with the stratification. In the neighborhood of these, many veins and strings of quartz intersect the rock, in various directions, and hold portions of the sulphurets of copper. The copper ores, which often contain native silver, appear to be more abundant in the upper part of the rock. At Acton, the conglomerate is separated from the main body of the dolomite by between eighty and ninety feet of dark grey or black slates, intermixed with diorite; in these the conglom erate lies in large isolated masses, running parallel with the summit of the main body of the dolomite. On the opening of the mine, the sulphurets, where most abundant, appeared to occupy a position immediately near some of the isolated masses of conglomerate, and partially to surround them; in some parts constituting the paste of the conglomerate. As the work proceeded, many slips and dislocations, of no great magnitude, were found to cut the strata. Some of them appear to run with the strike, and others in two of parallel series, oblique to one another. These disturb the regular continuity of the copperbearing bed, producing apparent undulations in the dip, and causing the diorite and the limestone to protrude into the copper ore, or unexpectedly to interrupt one another. The ores were found to be concentrated in three large masses, occurring in a length of about 120 fathoms. Proceeding south-westwardly, the space occupied by the most northern mass, from a breadth of a few inches, gradually widened out to about ten fathoms, in a length of about forty fathoms; beyond which it appeared to be thrown about fourteen fathoms, obliquely to the westward. The general bearing of the succeeding two masses was still to the south-west. They were about fifteen fathoms apart, and the larger or more