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On the Gloucestershire side the cutting to the approach of the tunnel was through alluvium, which gave evidence of the previous existence at different levels of river courses, the bottom of the largest being about six feet below the present low water level in the channel. The succession of beds from the surface was as

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Cardium edule and Tellina solidula were found in the bed of sand in the gravel. Mr. W. C., Lucy inspected the Drift on the occasion of the visit of the Cotteswold Club in May, 1895, and considers that it came eastward of the river. The following notes from his pen are quoted from the above referred to paper by Professor Morgan :-"In the gravel were large boulders of Quartz, Millstone Grit, Coal Measures, Sandstones, Slate (probably from Cumberland), Lickey Pebbles, Fine Quartzites, Old Red Conglomerate, Trap Rocks, and rolled Lias gryphites. I found one piece of glaciated Diorite. The Drift is probably of two ages. One may be considered as belonging to the low-level drifts of Mr. Prestwich, in which is mixed up high-level drift with rocks derived from far distant places."

In conclusion it may be of interest to some to place on record some other tunnels for comparison of length.

The longest in the world is that of St. Gothard, between Lucerne and Milan. It is 16,280 yards, or 9 miles and 340 yards in length. This Tunnel is 26 feet wide, and 18 feet 10 inches to the crown of the arch. It is 900 feet below the surface at Andermatt and 6,600 feet beneath the peak of Kastlehorn.

The following list of tunnels in our own kingdom is taken from page 318 of "Our Railways," by John Pendleton, 1894 :

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THE EXTRAORDINARY HEAT IN SEPTEMBER, AND COLD IN OCTOBER,

1895.

THE following Temperatures are recorded in The Times of November 6th, 1895, by Mr. G. J. Symons, F.R.S., writing from 62, Camden Square, N.W. :—

TEMPERATURE OBSERVATIONS AT CAMDEN SQUARE, LONDON.

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The mean of the maxima and minima in September 24 to 30 was, therefore, 67.6°, but if the 9 a.m. and 9 p.m. observations are worked in it becomes 65.0°. On the average of a long series of years the hottest seven consecutive days are July 14th to 20th, and their average temperature is 63.1°. Therefore, the week ending September 30th was at least 1.9° warmer than the average warmest week in the year.

The mean of the maxima and minima in October 24th to 30th was 36.5°, but if the 9 a.m. and 9 p.m. observations are worked in it becomes 35.9°. On the average of a long series of years the coldest seven consecutive days are January 7th to 13th, and their average temperature is 37 9°. Therefore, the week ending October 30th was 20° colder than the average coldest week in the year.

Mr. Symons further remarks with reference to the cold in October :--The absolute minimum, 26'6° on the 28th, has been exceeded only thrice in the last 38 years, viz: by 26-2° on the 5th in 1873, 25'4° on the 26th in 1887, and 23'8° on the 28th in 1890. Only once before in that long period has frost occurred on seven days in October (in 1887), and in 1895 alone were the seven days consecutive. There had never before been more than four consecutive days with frost in October.

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