population amounted in 1864 to 61,467, in 1866, to 96,172. Emigration is adding more than 10,000 persons every year. The colony of Queensland was established in 1859, on its separation from New South Wales. The power of making laws and imposing taxes is vested in a Parliament of two Houses. The revenue, in 1865, amounted to £631,432; the expenditure to £613,161. The value of the imports, in 1866, was £2,467,907, of the exports £1,366,491. The staple article is wool.

5.

SANDWICH ISLANDS.

Capital, Honolulu. Area, 7,633 square miles. Population,62,959.

History. The Sandwich or Hawaii Islands is a group of thirteen islands, six of which are mere islets; while seven, namely, Hawaii, Maui, Atauai, Oahu, Molokai (or Morotai), Ranai (or Lanai), and Nihau are inhabited. They were discovered in 1778 by Captain Cook, and at that time each island had its separate ruler. Afterwards the islands were consolidated into one kingdom by Kamehamaha I. (1784-1810). His son, Kamehamaha II. (died 1824) abolished idolatry. The brother of the latter, Kamehamaha III. (died 1854) had his sovereignty recognized by England and the United States. Kamehamaha IV. (died 1863) was married to an English lady, and favored the influence of England. He was succeeded by his brother, Prince Lot, who now reigns as Kamchamaha V.

The population of the islands has been steadily decreasing since the time of their discovery, as the following table shows:

Government.

Native.

.400,000

1850 (census).

.142,050

1853

Natives.

Total.

White.
1,962. .82,203....84,165
.2,119. .71,019.... .73.133
2,716....67,084.. .79,800

..4,194...
....58,765....62,959

The present King, Kamehamaha V. was born Dec. 11, 1830, and succeeded his brother November, 1863. He is a son of the Governor Kekuanaoa and of Kinau, daughter of Kamehamaha I. The Sandwich Islands are a constitutional monarchy. The ministry, in 1868, was constituted as follows: Foreign Affairs, Crosnier de Varigny; Interior, F. G. Hutchinson; Finances and Justice, C. C. Harris.

The total area of this territory is calculated to comprise 383,328 square miles, with a population in 1865, of 148,143, and in 1867, of 178,500. The legislative power is vested in a Parliament elected by the people, and consisting of a Legislative Council and a House of Assembly. The revenue of the colony was, in 1866, £975,000. The expenditure, £1,055,000. The total value of South Australian imports, in 1865, was £2,840,000, and of exports £2,890,000.

7. TASMANIA.

This colony was formerly known as Van Diemen's Land; its area is estimated at 26,215 square miles, and its population in 1865, at 95,201, in 1866, at 97,368. The Constitution gives a Legislative Council and a House of Representatives. The revenue, in 1865, amounted to £338,076; the expenditure to £353,456. The total value of imports, in 1865, was £403,559; exports, £231,436.

8. VICTORIA.

The estimated population, in 1866, was 643,912, and the area 86,944 square miles.

The revenue was in the same year, £3,322,887, and its expenditure £3,321,779. The total value of imports amounted to £13,257,537; that of the exports to £13,150,748. The staple article is wool, of a value of £3,303,478 in 1865. The product of the gold fields, in 1866, had a value of nearly £6,000,000.

9. WESTERN AUSTRALIA.

In 1866 the population numbered 21,065. The occupied portion of the colony is about 600 miles in length, by about 150 miles in average breadth. It is the only colony to which convicts from Great Britain continue to be transported. The trade amounted, in 1868, to £168,414 for imports, and £179,147 for exports.

COMPARATIVE STATISTICS OF THE WORLD,

*RELATING TO AREA AND POPULATION.

I. THE LARGE DIVISIONS OF THE WORLD.

The following table exhibits the large divisions of the world, in the order of their extent and population. The islands south-east of Asia are classed with Asia. The increase of population is more rapid in America and Australia than in Asia, Europe and Africa.

1. Asia..

2. America..

3. Africa.

4. Europe.

5. Australia and Polynesia.....

Square miles. ..17,318,000

1. Asia. .15,480,000 2. Europe.. .11,556,663 3. Africa.

Population. .805,419,908

.293,083,000

.190,950,609

81,400,000

3,781,000 4. America..

II. POLITICAL DIVISIONS OF THE WORLD.

1. ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THEIR AREA AND POPULATION.

The following table exhibits all the Political Divisions of America and Europe, and the most important countries of the other large divisions of the world. In the first column they are arranged according to their area, in the second according to their population from the latest censuses taken. Any particular country or state in either of the two columns may immediately be found by consulting the alphabetical list following this table:

IN ORDER OF Area.

.3,523,083

2,945,219

9. India

1,552,028

9. Japan.

35,000,000

10. United States.

34,560,000

11. Argentine Republic.

826,828

11. North German Confederation.. 29,910,377

12. Mexico.

13. Italy

24,368,787

14. Independent Tartary (Turkestan) 640,516

14. Prussia.

24,043,296

15. Persia..

562,344

15. Spain.

16,302,625

16. Brazil.

11,780,000

8,137,853

18. Venezuela.

368,235

18. Independent Tartary.

7,870,000

19. United States of Colombia.

357,179

19. Egypt..

7,465,000

20. Persia.

5,000,000

21. Morocco.

259,593 21. Madagascar

5,000,000

22. Afghanistan.

258,530 22. Belgium.

4,984,451

23. Texas

247,356

23. Bavaria

4,824,421

24. Portugal.

4,351,519

232,315

25. Sweden.

4,160,677

218,984 26. Afghanistan..

4,000,000

209,428

195,607 28. British North America.

3,765,000

188,981 29. Netherlands

3,552,665

30. Central America.

178,869

30. Abyssinia....

3,000,000

31. United States of Colombia....

2,920,478

32. Pennsylvania...

2,906,115

* Exclusive of Hudson's Bay Territory.

2. ARRANGED IN ORDER OF DENSITY OF POPULATION.

The following table gives the average population on one square mile in every country.

The figures in columns under “Area,” “Pop.," and "Density of Pop.," give the rank of each country and state in the preceding tables, thus: Abyssinia, in the first table, in order of Ares ranks No. 34, and in order of Population No. 30; in the second table-Density of Pop., No. 73.

18. British North America..

19. British Empire..

20. Brunswick

64. Mecklenburg-Schwerin.104.... 79. 42 65. Mecklenburg-Strelitz...113....106.. 45