224

not by paragraphs, as has been usual, but in the same manner as they unite in the Lord's Prayer, the Creed, and the Confession in the Communion Service.

The Columbia (Pa.) Spy says—“We have neglected to mention the completion of the railway over the bridge at this place. Two lines of passenger cars pass over it daily, and judging from the burthen cars II. That in all joint acts, where the minister and peothat pursue the same track, we should infer that our ple are to unite audibly, as in the Confessions, the neighbors of Wrightsville had a good share of the trans Creeds, the Lord's Prayer, the Trisagion, and the last portation business By the way, the engineers are of the prayers for Ash Wednesday, the word Amen now exploring a route for the rail road from Wrights should be pronounced by both the minister and the ville to York, and we understand that it is the inten: people; its use by the people alone being considered tion of the company to begin the work very shortly."as then only proper when it is a response by them to an act of worship which has been audibly repeated by the minister only.

High Tide-Great Damage.-On Saturday night of last week, was one of the highest tides in the Delaware that is recollected in many years. The banks were nearly every where topped, and where there are no We breaches the meadows are generally inundated. have been informed that the great body of meadow on Repaupo, which cost so much labor and time to reclaim from the tide, is also under water by one or more heavy breaches. League Island, Hog Island and the meadows on most of the Creeks have similarly suffered. The loss of hay, grass and pasture, is great-Woodbury

Herald.

Receipts of Produce at Philadelphia from the West this season, up to September 1st.

Bacon,

Tobacco,

Wool,

Flour,

Grain,

5,265,065 pounds.
4,405,506

917,435
163,280
522,092

From the Camden Mail.
TOWN LOTS.

III. That there should be no prayer in the pulpit before sermon.

From the Pittsburgh Gazette, Sept. 28.
FIREMEN'S PARADE.

On Saturday last, according to previous arrangements, the "Pittsburg Firement's Association," in company with the firemen of the Northern Liberties and Allegheny, met, for the purpose of public parade, and passed through our principal streets, with their engines, hose, and fire apparatus, splendidly distinguished by the badges of their respective Companies, and forming the most imposing and interesting spectacle of the kind ever witnessed in this city. Some of our first citizens bore the insignia, and occupied the stations of directors and engineers; offices which they have sustained for years; and the operators were young men, who, having but little at stake, and receiving no compensation for their services, voluntarily and cheerfully brave all weathers, and endure many and severe privations, for the sake of saving property from destruction by fire in this volcanic city. To be a worthy member of the "Firemen's Association" is no ordinary honor, We had the rare occurrence in Camden, on Monday especially, as it is conceded by visiting strangers, that last, of a public sale of building lots; rare, not for the our firemen are second to none in vigilance, skill, and want of the article, nor of buyers, but from the indis-execution. Without intending an invidious distinction, position of owners to let their property pass into the hands of enterprising and public spirited citizens, who would build upon and improve it. The lots sold on Monday, were laid off from the property of the Camden and Amboy Rail Road Company; and embraced that plot of ground now in part being filled up, which fronts on the road, to Kaighn's Point, running towards the river, and the large front upon the river, below the rail road and yet open to the influx of the tide. The first was divided into eighteen lots of 25 feet front upon the rail road or “bridge_avenue," extending 135 feet deep to a twenty feet alley; and was keenly bid up to' from $620 to $1220 per lot, averaging throughout, a fraction over $750 each. The unenclosed front, which was not divided, brought five thousand dollars, and the whole sale realized to the company nearly nineteen thousand dollars, leaving them yet in possession of as much ground as is necessary for all their operations. There was no trouble taken to give publicity to this sale, and but little was known of it among the people hereabouts-a circumstance which had no influence in advancing the price. We understand a large house is about to be erected near the slip at the rail road wharf, and we have no doubt this change of hands in the property there, will give an impetus to improvement in that quarter of the town.

we cannot forbear the expression of our being particu-
larly pleased with the appearance of the "Vigilant"
and "Union" Companies. Their engines were drawn
Connected
by white horses, superbly caparisoned.
with the "Vigilant," a beautiful device, executed by
Miller, exhibited the goddess of protection in the atti-
tude of vigilance, and holding in her right hand the
The citizens have reason to be proud of
horn of alarm.
this "Association," and we are gratified to know that
the City Councils are liberally disposed towards so va-
luable and meritorious an organization.

From the Pittsburg Gazette.

PENNSYLVANIA CANAL.

The report from the office in Allegheny gives but a poor exhibition of the business for the last week, but we hope in a short time to see a more encouraging account.

[Collector's Office, Allegheny,
Western Division of Pa. Canal, Sept. 26.
Amount received from November 1,
1834, to September, 19, as per last re-
port,
Amount received in the week ending Sep-
tember 25,

Whole amount received to September
26, 1835,

At the late General Episcopal Convention at Philadelphia, it was resolved that any diocese of a certain extent, containing eight thousand square miles, and thirty Presbyters, might, with the consent of the Bishop, thereof, be divided. At the instance of Bishop Onderdonk, of New York, the following opinions were given 52 boats cleared, having tonnage as to certain parts of the church service.-N. Y53 boats rec'd. cleared at other offices,

Amer.

I. That in the Confession in the Daily Morning and Total tonnage of the week, Evening Prayer, the people should follow the minister,

$29,503 72

415 31

$29,919 03

1,699,883 lbs. 434,012"

2,133,895 lbs.

HAZARD'S

REGISTER OF PENNSYLVANIA.

DEVOTED TO THE PRESERVATION OF EVERY KIND OF USEFUL INFORMATION RESPECTING THE STATE.

EDITED BY SAMUEL HAZARD.

PHILADELPHIA, OCTOBER 10, 1835.

Five of Wedgwood's thermometer pieces, put in crucibles made of porcelain, were deposited in different places among the coal, that they might descend in differ. ent directions, and some of them be exposed to the greatest degree of heat. When they were cool, being meaIt does not take fire when reduced to an impalpa-sured by the guage, they gave 70, 77, 150, 156 and ble powder, and passed through the flame of a can- 159 degrees. dle.

The focus of an eleven and a half inch lens was directed upon a lump of it, contained in a bell glass, in twelve ounce measures of oxygen gas, over water,when it burnt with a considerable flame, and nearly in the same manner, as the James's river coal, when a blast of As the Virginia coal burns with flame, and much atmospheric air is thrown upon it. The gas was after-smoke, a vast portion of this combustible substance wards reduced in purity, and contained fifty per cent. and the heat generated by it, is lost by passing up the of carbonic acid gas. chimney.

poses water. Its flame, consisting of oxide of carbon or carbonated hydrogen gas, arises from this decomposition.

When it is exposed to a red heat, and contains little water, it gives rise to a peculiar species of inflammable air, without any fixed air; but when the steam of water is transmitted over it, in a red heat, the production of carbonic acid gas is very considerable, and when the hydrogen gas thus obtained is fired with oxygen gas, the fixed air generated, amounts to thirty five per cent. more than when it is procured from coal, united to a small quantity of water.

According to the opinions now generally adopted by the philosophers of Europe, the gases, when little water is mixed with the coal, must consist of oxide of car. bon and carbonated hydrogen gas.

It will be said, the oxygen of the water, unites to parts of the coal, and forms oxide of carbon, while its hydrogen escapes, dissolves a portion of the coal, and makes carbonated hydrogen gas.

This explanation is far from being satisfactory, for no oxide of carbon can be detected in the gases produced by extinguishing this coal when red hot under water, or by submitting it to heat in an earthen retort.

The Lehigh coal promises to be particularly useful, where a long continued heat is necessary, as in distilling, or in evaporating large quantities of water from various substances; in the melting of metals, or in sub iming of salts: in generating steam to work steam engines; in glass houses, and in common life, for washing, cook ing, &c. provided the fire places are constructed in such a manner, as to keep up a strong draught of air.

UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA.
(Continued from page 213.)

CHAPTER IX.

Organization of the University after the union of the

Schools.

of the German and oriental languages To fill the six professorships thus established, three individuals were to be chosen out of each of the former faculties, in compliance with that provision of the act of union, by which the trustees were bound to select the officers of the university equally from the two seminaries.

According to the regulations above detailed, the following gentlemen were appointed to the chairs respectively connected with their names;-Dr. Ewing to the chair of natural philosophy; Dr. Andrews to that of moral philosophy; Mr. Davidion to that of Greek and Latin; Mr. Patterson to that of the mathematics; Mr. Rogers to that of English and the belles-letters; and finally, Dr. Henry Helmuth, the successor of Mr. Kunze in the late university, to that of the German and oriental languages.* At a subsequent election Dr. Ewing was chosen provost, and Dr. Andrews vice-provost.

From the above statement, it appears, that only two of the late professors, Dr. Magaw of the university, and Dr Smith of the college, were omitted in the new appointments. The former of these gentlemen, understanding that by becoming a candidate he might interfere with the interests of his friend Dr. Andrews, generously declined a nomination; the latter, though supported by a large number of the trustees, had, however, a majority opposed to him, and was now finally separated from an institution, with the infancy of which he had become associated in early life, whose youth he had strengthened and adorned in the vigour of his age, and whose untimely decay, now in his declining years, was another link in the chain of sympathy by which it had so long been connected with his fortunes. The age and infirmities of the late provost were probably thought to unfit him for the superintendence of a great seminary, in which vigour of authority must be conjoined with extensive knowledge and talents for instructing; and an inferior station could hardly have been offered with propriety, or accepted without degradation. It is possible, however, that a little leaven of old political animosity may have lurked in the minds of those who opposed him, and mi gling with the more obvious motives, have committed to them a force and influence which they might not otherwise have po-sessed. Yet this feeling, if it existed at all, must have been feeble; for no asperity marked the official proceedings, and every disposition was displayed to do. în whatever regarded pecuniary matters, all that justice could require. The doctor was allowed to retain, for one year, free from rent, the house which he had oc cupied as provost of the college; his claims upon the institution to the amount of nine hundred pounds were admitted and adjusted; and an annuity of one hundred pounds, formerly granted in consideration of his services in England, was now secured to him for life. The intimate connection of the affairs of the old college, in all its vicissitudes of good and bad fortune, with him who was its first and last provost, has necessa rily brought before our view many events in the life of that prominent individual; and circumstances peculiar to himself-his learning his talents, his public-spirited exertions, and the large space which he filled in the esteem and affection of a numerous and most respectaIt was determined that, beside the charity schools, ble acquaintance-give these events a value in nariathere should be three departments; those of the arts, of tion, which would, perhaps, have justified us in prelaw, and of medicine. In the department of arts, five senting them to the public in still more minute detail separate schools were instituted, to be placed under than we have deemed necessary merely for the illustra the care of six professors, assisted by as many tutors astion of this historical sketch. It may not be amiss to might from time to time he deemed necessary. The first school was to consist of two philosophical classes, to be taught respectively by two professors; the one of natural philosophy, the other of moral philosophy. The four remaining schools were each to have a distinct professor; the grammer school, a professor of Latin and Greek; the mathematical school, a professor of mathematics; the English school, a professor of English and the belles-letters; and the German school, a professor

To effect a satisfactory arrangement of the internal affairs of the institution was found by the trustees to be a task of some difficulty. It was evidently impossible, with the limited funds under their control, and with a proper regard to the best interests of the school, so to expand its establishment, as to embrace, in its various offices, all the professors and teachers who had been connected with the late college and university; and yet, a sense of the justice due to these gentlemen, as well as private feelings of friendship or regard entertained towards them by individual members of the board, demanded that as many of them should be included in the new scheme as might in any way be consistent with the great object, for the attainment of which they were to be employed. Between these opposing considerations, to hit upon the just medium, required the exercise of cautious reflection, and a spirit of mutual condescension among the friends of those candidates whose conflicting claims were in the way of a proper settlement. At length, however, a plan for the seminary was prepared, which, though not without some opposition, was ultimately adopted.

state, in taking a final leave of the venerable provost, that his life, already far advanced at the period of his separation from the institution, was protracted to the year 1803.

The German school was maintained but for a short time, being either inadequately supported, or not found productive of those advantages which were origi nally proposed.

1835.]

UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA.

It has before been stated that a complete history of the medical school does not constitute a part of our present design. I shall now, therefore, merely mention the names of the gentlemen who were chosen professors in this department. The new faculty was composed of William Shippen, professor of anatomy, surgery, and midwifery; Caspar Wistar, adjunct professor of the same branches; Adam Kuhn, professor of the practice of physic; Benjamin Rush, professor of the institutes and clinical medicine; James Hutchinson, p ofessor of chemistry; Samuel Powell Griffitts, professor of materia medica; and Benjamin S. Barton, professor of natural history and botany. Of these gentlemen, the first six were chosen equally from the late college and university; the seventh, though nominally a member of the faculty, was not placed on the same footing with the others as, by a resolution of the board, attendance upon his lectures was declared not to be an essential requisite for obtaining the medical honours.

227

In the department of law, the regulations which origi- self to the study of theology; and returning to Dr. Allinated with the late college, were still maintained, and son, now vice-provost of the college of Philadelphia, Mr. Wilson was continued in his professorship. But qualified himself, under his instruction, for admission the place seems to have been nominal; for no salary was into the ministry. His first connection with the instiattached to it, and sufficient encouragement was not tulion, over which he was ultimately called to preside, afforded by students to compensate the trouble of a re-took place soon after this period. The absence of Dr. gular course of lectures. To the present time, instruc- Smith in Great Britain, on the business of the college, tion in law continues, on paper at least, to be a part of having occasioned a temporary vacancy in the faculty, the scheme of the university. In the year 1817, atten- Mr. Ewing, though then only twenty-six years old, was tion was called to the subject by the annunciation of a thought qualified to supply his place in the charge of course from Charles W. Hare, at that time professor; the philosophical classes. Shortly afterwards, he enand a respectable attendance was commanded by the tered into the pastoral office as minister of the first high and well merited reputation of that accomplished Presbyterian congregation of Philadelphia, to which he lawyer. I am not aware, however, that the effort was continued attached during the remainder of his life. It continued beyond one season; and it has not since been was in consequence of this station that he became one repeated. of the trustees of the university, founded by the legis lature upon the ruins of the college; and his elevation to the office of provost, while it was due to his attainments in learning and science, was undoubtedly facilitated by his known attachment to the principles of the revolution, and to the independence of his country.That he should have countenanced the injury done to his former friends, and even been willing to partake of their spoils, is only a proof that the best men, by the violence of party excitement, are apt to have their vi sion so perverted, that an act of injustice, if it promote the great political object in view, assumes in their eyes the colour of necessity, if not of virtue. It has been seen, that on the union of the schools, his claims to the provostship were thought to over-balance the high qual ifications and long services of Dr. Smith. He continued to preside over the university, and to perform the du ties of professor of natural philosophy till 1802, when he died, at the age of seventy-one years. But for a short time before the close of his life, he was disabled by ill health from that steady and vigorous application to the business of his station which had characterized the early period of his employment, and by which alone he could compensate the university for that unfortunate Account of the Professors of the University. division of his time and attention, which his adherence It will be most convenient for the sake of avoiding to the pastoral office rendered necessary. From the acconfusion in the subsequent narrative of events, to pur counts which are left of Dr. Ewing, he appears to have sue at once down to the present time, the succes-ion in been characterized rather by strong judgment and inthe faculty of arts, without immediate reference to the defatigable application, than by great genius or bril. particular situation of the seminary at the period of liant imagination. As a mathematician he was thought each new appointment. As the mere name of an indi- not to have a superior in the Union. His classical atvidual is a blank to those unacquainted with his person, tainments were highly respectable, and by a fondness character, or history, a few condensed biographical no- for biblical researches, he was led to devote much time 、tices will be necessary, in order that correct concepto the study of the Hebrew language. While the extions may be formed of the condition and merits of the institution of which the subjects of the proposed notices were the conductors.

CHAPTER X.

tent of his acquirements commanded the respect of all, the mildness and goodness of his character, and the excellence of his social qualities secured him the kindness and affection of his companions. On a visit which he paid to Great Britain, before his elevation to the provostship, he was received with the highest marks of fa

where he acquired the friendship of several distinguished men, particularly of the celebrated historian Dr. Robertson, by whom he was remembered affectionately to the time of his death. It was on this visit that he received, without solicitation, the title of Doctor of Divinity, conferred on him by the university of Edinburgh. The lectures on natural philosophy which he delivered to the classes under his care, were printed after his death, and, though at present out of date, attracted considerable attention at the time of their publication.

The Rev. Dr. John Ewing, the fisst provost of the university, had risen by his own exertions from very humble beginnings. The son of a farmer of moderate circumstances in Maryland, and one of a numerous favour in the literary circles of Edinburg and London, mily, he had neither, when a boy, the advantages of a regular education, nor, in his manhood, the assistance of any influential relatives to push his fortunes in the world. Gifted, however, with a strong propensity to scientific pursuits, he improved the slender opportunities which were afforded him in his native place by industrious and eager application; and when old enough to enter upon an independent course of life, left his father's house, to seek elsewhere the means of instruction and support. Both objects were secured by an engagement which he formed, in the double capacity of pupil and assistant, with Dr. Allison, who then taught a private school, with much reputation, in the province of Pennsylvania. Such was his diligence in his new station, and such the extent of his acquirements, that on application for admission to the college at Princeton, he was not only received in one of the higher classes, but was also employed as a tutor; and was thus enabled to continue his plan of improving himself, and of earning a livelihood by assisting in the improvement of others. Having obtained his degree, he devoted him

The place left vacant by the death of Dr. Ewing, was not filled by a new appointment till the year 1806, when John M'Dowell, L. L D., of Annapolis in Maryland, was induced to resign his station as principal of St. John's College, in order to accept the professorship of natural philosophy in the University of Pennsylvania, which was offered him by a unanimous vote of the board of trustees. In the commencement of the following year he was elected provost: but the state of his health was found to be incompatible with the duties

man by birth, he came to this country before the revolution, and possessing therefore all the rights and feelings of a citizen, exhibited, throughout the course of his life, a warm attachment to our republican institutions, and a passionate interest in our national honour and greatness. Some previous experience in the art of teaching, and a skill in the mathematics which was the

he had undertaken to perform; and in little more than three years after entering the institution, he retired into the country, and left to the trustees the embarrassment of another choice. He afterwards evinced his attachment to the school, by supplying a temporary vacancy occasioned by the resignation of his successor; and still later by the bequest of his books, which now form a valuable part of the library belonging to the in-natural result of diligent application, great mental acstitution.

At the period of Dr. M'Dowell's retirement, Dr. Andrews had been vice provost for nearly twenty years; and his services both in the college and university, to gether with the respectability of his attainments and character, entitled him to what little addition of honour and emolument was to be derived from his elevation to the higher post. A native of Maryland, he was, at the age of seventeen, sent to receive his education in the college and academy at Philadelphia, where he graduated A. D. 1765, and was immediately employed as a tutor in the German school; thus beginning his career in the lowest station of that institution, in the highest office of which it was destined to close. Having qualified himself for the ministry, and received regular ordination in the Episcopal church from the bishop of London, he entered into the service of the celebrated English "Society for propagating the Gospel in foreign parts;" and, in the capacity of a missionary, preached at different places in the interior of Pennsylvania and Maryland. The revolution found him settled with a congregation in the latter of these provinces; but as his political sentiments were not exactly accordant with those of the great majority of his parishion ers, his situation soon became so uncomfortable as to induce him to remove to Yorktown, where he maintained himself for many years by the profits of a flourishing school. In 1785, he accepted an invitation to take charge of the Episcopal academy then just established in this city, which he continued to superintend, till, upon the revival of the college and academy, he was induced to become a colleague of his former master, Dr. Smith, in the management of the philosophical school. I have already spoken of his long services in the university. In December 1810, he was unanimous ly elected provost; but his health now began to give way, and he was compelled to withdraw from the institution, after having enjoyed his elevation little more than two years. Though not described as a man of splendid abilities, Dr. Andrews was highly esteemed as a first rate classical scholar, and an excellent teacher. The works he has left behind him are the living records of his diligence and skill-they are the numerous men of note in the various walks of professional life, the foundation of whose reputation was laid in the instruction they received from him in their youth.

In reply to the letter in which Dr. Andrews, a few months before his death, announced his desire to resign his station in the university, the trustees expressed their high sense "of the unremitting industry and great ability with which he had successively filled the offices of provost and vice-provost;" and communicated their unanimous resolution that the salary which he had hitherto received should be continued to him during the remainder of his life. The Rev. Frederick Beasley, the present learned and respected provost, was chosen to succeed him in July, 1813.

curacy, and clearness of intellect, fitted him well for the chair, which, without the extraneous influence of friends and relatives, they enabled him to attain. To the professorship of mathematics, after the death of Dr. M'Dowell, he united that of natural philosophy; and in the year 1810 was made vice-provost, in the place of Dr. Andrews. Independently of his emoluments from the university, he for many years enjoyed a considerable salary as president of the mint. Thus comfortable in his circumstances, he was enabled, in the decline of life, to withdraw from the fatigues of his professorship, and to seek that repose which was now es sential to his tranquillity. Testimonies of the public esteem followed him into retirement. The degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred upon him by the institution which he had so long and diligently served; and in the presidency of the philosophical society, to which he was appointed on the death of Dr. Wistar, he received the highest literary honour in the gift of any association on this side of the Atlantic.

At the time of his resignation, a favourite son had been chosen to supply his place till a regular appointment should be made. He lived not only to witness the confirmation of his son in the professorship, but to experience, from his honourable exertions and well merited reputation, the purest gratification of which the parental heart is susceptible. To crown the felicity of his lot, he had united the Christian with the philosopher; and, at a good old age, went down to his grave, with the full assurance that he should rise again to a happier and more exalted existence. Dr. Robert M. Patterson, the present vice provost and professor of natural philosophy, succeeded his father, A. D. 1813.

Of the professors who belonged to the college before its overthrow in 1779, Mr. Davidson alone had retained his station through all the subsequent changes. In the superintendence of the academy of Newark in D. laware, he had exhibited such evidence of his familiarity with the learned languages, and of his abilities as a teacher, that on the death of Mr. Beveridge, he was thought qualified to supply the place of that accomplished scholar, and was invited towards the close of the year 1767, with offers too favourable to be resisted, to take charge of the Latin school. That his talents continued to be held in high estimation is evinced by the fact, that in each successive change of the institution, care was taken to secure his services. The same fact speaks favourably of the prudence and general moderation of his character, by which he was enabled to steer through the embarrassments of a most agitated period, without either striking against the prejudices and passions which beset him on all sides, or suffering himself to be carried away by the violence of the currents which swept across his course. In the same tenour of usefulness and respectability his life ran evenly on, till at length the debility of old age overtook him,

and rendered a retirement from active duties advisable on account of the university, and necessary for his own comfort. Upon the occasion of his resignation, the board of trustees, expressing the "high regard and respect" which they entertained for him,resolved that "in consideration of his long and faithful services," he should be allowed an annuity of two hundred and fifty pounds per annum, and the use of the house which he then occupied, during the remainder of his life. Mr. Davidson resigned in February, 1806; and in the month of May following, James G Thompson, the present excellent professor of the Latin and Greek languages, was

Having spoken of the successive principals of the university, it remains that I should briefly notice their several co adjutors. It will be remembered that Robert Patterson was one of those who were selected from the faculty of the late university, with which he had been connected from its origin, first in a subordinate capacity as a teacher in the mathematical school, and afterwards with the title and privileges of professor. Few teachers in this city have passed through a career at once so long, so uniformly correct, honourable, and prosperous, as that which prudence and fortune combined to mark out for this gentleman. Though an Irish-appointed in his place.