One has always to guard against similar errors. I have had súmbréro and tambien given to me as Romanes by French-Catalan Gypsies, who, themselves unacquainted with Castilian, had heard their trans-Pyrenean kindred use these words; and so convinced were they that they were right, that on each occasion (for time, place, and people were different) it was necessary to appeal for support to Spanish Gitanos standing by. Probably there are several such errors in this dialect of the language. It is probable that De Rochas himself has taken a Catalan word as Romanes when he includes do (signifying "of" or "of the ") in his vocabulary. Certainly Catalan Gypsies are constantly using the wordas in pindró do graï (a horse's hoof), daï do gaf (the mayor of a town); but then, on the other hand, the word occurs in Catalan, and moreover the construction has not the Romani cachet.

The French-Gitano use of daï, as in the preceding paragraph, is worthy of remark. As elsewhere, daï is in Catalonia the Romani for " mother." But not only do the French Gitanos make it do duty for mère, but it stands for maire as well, from the assonance of these two words. That the Gypsies of the French-Basque country have the same usage may be seen from Baudrimont's "baro daya," with the meaning of "magistrate."

1

And the word graï, introduced above, is also worth referring to in its Catalonian aspect. In England it is the singular of "horse " (in the plural graïa). According to De Rochas, "horse" is grast or gras in the singular, and grasts in the plural. The form graï is not mentioned by him. But although I found that the usual singular form is grass, grast, grash, or grasht, yet I once heard yé graï, and it seemed invariable that one ought to say várikítchi 2 graï for "several horses." Dr. Paspati says that grái, as a singular noun, is known to the Sedentary division of the Turkish Gypsies, but that their almost invariable word is grast, gras, or gra. The Nomads use only grái.

To refer more particularly to the noteworthy features of the Catalan dialect is not within the limits of this paper. But it may be remarked that the guttural sounds-decaying in England, where they are often represented by k, h, and sh-are found here in their full vigour. DAVID MACRITCHIE.

1 Conversely, both Michel and Baudrimont have raja for "mère" (although the latter has also daia). In these instances the word asked for must have been "mère," which the Gypsy interrogated had heard as "maire."

2 Pastor Ješina's vocabulary is the only one in which I find this word (there spelt varekeci). It is cognate with cáreko or váréso (any), várekáy (somewhere), etc.

VII. ADDITIONS TO GYPSY-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.

(The words in parentheses are roots or other forms given in Smart & Crofton's Dialect of the English Gypsies, London, 1875.)

Baurodírus (for baurodairest), adj., Hauré, n. pl., Pennies; lit., Coppers

Dráber, v., To physic, poison, drug Kélimus, n., Business (ker).

Koosh, n. and v., Falsehood, to tell lies; Pódas chókha, Slippers, shoes.

Koóshlo, adj., Soft. Miklosich vi. 28, Poorenki óra, Secondhand watch (poóro).

Naneí poóri si-li, haw? She is not Rándjer, v., To scratch. Pasp. Khandold, is she?

Wáfedi rákli sas lí, She was a bad Ránshko, adj., Carroty, red.

well, did I not? (Mi-naw, lit. Rodé, They cried} (rov).

'Too kedás les.' 'Nórodo'; You Sid, adj., Quick (sig).

Stor, v., To feel. Storóva, I feel; Tiloméskro, n., Pothook (til).

Stordóm, I felt.

Stórenghi, Fourth (stor).

Stor, v., To arrest (staúri). Pasp. asta

ráva.

Tardadér, Longer (tárder).

Tárderiméngro, n., Examiner (tárder).
Tasserméngro, n., Frying-pan (tátter).
Tátchomus, n., Truth (tátcho).
Thinkasessa, You think.
Tiller, v., To hold (til).

Tinkaári, n. pl., Tinkers.
Tríneno, adj., Third (Trin).

Vart, v., To watch (várter).

Yóger, v., To fire (a gun), (yog).

Zimmer, v., To pawn (símmer).

H. T. CROFTON.

VIII.-REVIEW OF THE ARCHDUKE JOSEF'S "CZIGÁNY NYELVATAN."

T may well be a legitimate source of pride to all who belong to

I may wypsy Lore society that contemporary with it there a po

peared a work by our fellow-member the Archduke Josef of AustroHungary on the subject of the Romany race and their language, which is of such marked excellence that it cannot fail to be read with deep interest by every philologist or student of anthropology. For, as its author was one of the first half-dozen who formed the Association, the appearance of such a work at such a time may be regarded as a curious coincidence-perhaps, as "Gypsies," we may be allowed to consider it as a happy omen.

This work, Czigány Nyelvatan, or "The Gypsy Language," is the result of many years' personal experience among the wanderers, as well as of very extensive study of the "large literature" of "Romanology." Hungary is, par éminence, the land of Gypsies, and the Archduke is of all men the one best qualified to investigate them, being not only passionately aficionado to the race, but, as a matter of course, invested with that authority which is nowhere so loved and respected, when kindly exerted, as in the country of the Magyar.

That the Archduke is practically regarded as a living storehouse of Gypsy lore, appears from an assurance in the Pester Lloyd that when a Rom in Hungary is asked some question as to his race which he cannot answer, he replies, "We don't understand that now-only the Archduke can answer that." On the same authority we are told that he employs Gypsies extensively on his estates, and, what no one

will doubt who knows how to get on with such folk, finds them trustworthy and profitable.

That

It is remarkable, but we have the best authority for the statement, that the Archduke, not being aware that scholars had preceded him in the discovery, after having studied for some time several Indian tongues, observed with some astonishment that Romany had a marked likeness to Hindustani. This was when he was quite young. Since that time his reading has extended, as the book before me indicates, to a thorough knowledge of almost the entire literature of the subject. The work in question embraces a valuable grammar and vocabularies of the Hungarian Gypsy dialects, compared with ten or twelve Indian tongues. With this it gives a mass of historical information, and a critical bibliography which will be fully appreciated, not only by the Romany Rye, but by every librarian. the erudition displayed in the work should be extensive, or even well condensed and harmonised, is not so remarkable when we know that the author has the largest special library on his subject in the world, with learned professors to act as secretaries. But with all this there is evident on every page the oculus magistri, while the genial freshness and sagacity of what is manifestly original in the book show that its writer was the right man in the right place for his work. In one thing only is it to a certain degree wanting the account of English and American Gypsy literature, several books of comparative importance not being mentioned. But as French and German versions. of the Czigány Nyelvatan are to appear, it is to be hoped that this omission will be corrected in them.

It is a great merit in the Romany grammar given in this work that it is extremely clear and practical, giving few rules but many examples. We see in it throughout the hand of the true philological artist or scholar, and nowhere the weakness of the amateur. It will be welcome news to the Romany-lorists that the author is now engaged on a Gypsy Dictionary, which, with its copious illustrations, will extend to 1000 folio pages. CHARLES G. LELAND.

VOL. I.-NO. I.

D