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description runs: "frome the said Pantre westwarde towarde Treton a large Kitchyn and diverse other Rowmes and Chambers conteynyng in lengh vjxx fote." The actual length from the west face of the arched recesses on the west side of the west wall of the hall to the east side of the gateway opening is almost exactly 120 feet. The dotted lines on my plan indicate the probable lines of these buildings, though nothing now remains of them above ground between the hall and the gateway.

The gateway (fig. 5), which has a clear opening of 9 feet 8 inches, has splayed jambs towards the north, rebated towards the south, where the crooks for the hinges of the doors still remain. The opening is covered by a low four-centred arch, the mouldings of which die into the splayed jambs. Above a horizontal string-course are two small windows, each of a single light, trifoliated within a square head, which lighted the upper story of the gateway. Between these windows, under a canopy, is an angel holding a shield bearing the arms of cardinal Langley (paly of six, on the second piece a mullet in chief2). All the southern side of the gateway has been destroyed. The structure is of brick, but all the architectural features are of stone.

WEST SIDE.

The description in the survey of 1561 of the buildings on the west side, "from the southe west gate northwards" reads as follows:

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Ther is on the west syde of the courting within the B. mannor at Howden, benethe, on the grounde, vj severall rowmes; whereof the northe-most rowme hath a chymney and the rest have been made for stables, and the hakks and mangers are gone, but a place or twoe. The same rowmes cont. all in lenketh vijxx fote and xx fote in wydnes. All this syde is buylded from the grounde to the roufe of stone-worke, and is imbattld on both sydes; and gutters and spowts of eyther syde the roufe to voyde the water."

The survey of 1577 speaks of "certen Stables and Garnars, and other Howses; in lenght vij** fote," on the west side of the court.4

The ordnance map of 1847 western range, SUADT on

1 Raine, op. cit., p. 300.

2" Busshap Lonlie. Paly of six, argent and vert, on the second piece a mullet in chief." Elizabethan Roll of Northern Heraldry, printed in the Appendix

shows, as then standing, all this the plan (fig. 1), as well as a

to Tonge's Visitation (Surtees Soc. xli), p. xxxv.

3 Ibid., pp. 299-300.

4 Ibid., p. 301. Cf. the description in Hutchinson's Durham, note 3, p. 260 supra.

part of the northern range, ABC D, and also the existing building, QRST, at the south end of the western range, to the south-west of Langley's gateway; and the map does not indicate any division between the existing building and the rest of the western range. The western range and the western part of the northern range are also shown in an engraving2 by E. Francis after a drawing by W. Westall, A.R.A., here reproduced (fig. 6). The map and the engraving both indicate that the western range extended through to the north wall, and both show an external stair in the north-west corner of the court. The engraving also shows the condition at that time. of the north wall to the east of what then remained of the northern range.

Of these there now remain the building QRST at the south end of the western range, and the lower parts of the west and north walls (RSUABE), though these latter have been considerably altered by repair or reconstruction. With these exceptions, the western and northern buildings shown on the engraving (fig. 6) were destroyed in 1850, according to a history of Howden which was published in that year. On the ordnance map of 1847, the whole western range, including the existing building, is marked "Manor Court House," and, after the demolition of the rest of the western range, the existing building was used as the Manor Court House and for the storage of the market stalls.5

The existing north wall of the western range is faced on its northern (outer) side with large ashlar, which extends eastward to A, just beyond the present doorway into the vicarage garden. This doorway is of old masonry, but it has been inserted here, probably when the present vicarage was built; it has a low four-centred arch, the mouldings of which die into the splayed jambs. West of this doorway, at V, is the lower part of a

1 The lines of these have been added on my plan from the ordnance map.

2 From Great Britain Illustrated, London, 1830.

3 William Westall, born 1781; A.R.A. 1812; died 1850 (Dict. Nat. Biog.)

4 History of the Church, Parish, and Manor of Howden (Howden, published by W. F. Pratt), 1850. This book speaks of the buildings then being demolished as the Prebendal Residences" (which of course they never were), forming the eastern boundary of the churchyard, and it records a protest to the bishop of Ripon and his lessee, the Rev. J. D. Jefferson, against their demolition (pp. 16, 54 and 85). From what information I have been able to gather locally, there does not appear

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FIG. 6.

VIEW SHOWING BUILDINGS ON WEST AND NORTH SIDES OF COURT.

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