How the Members of the Church of England ought to behave C. L. themselves under a Roman Catholick King with reference to the test and penal laws. In a letter to a friend by a member of the same Church. pp. 221, 12mo Lond. 1687

Three Letters tending to demonstrate how the security of this
Nation against al future Persecution for Religion, lys in the
Abolishment of the present penal Laws and Tests, and in the
Establishment of a New Law for universal Liberty of Con-
science.
pp. 27, 4to, Lond. 1688

Some necessary disquisitions and close expostulations with the Clergy and People of England touching their loyalty. Written by a Protestant.

4to, 1688

Old Popery as good as New; or the unreasonableness of the Church of England in some of her doctrines and practices, and the reasonableness of liberty of Conscience.

4to, 1688

The Project for repealing the penal laws and tests, with the honor-
able means used to effect it. Being a Preface to a Treatise
concerning the penal laws and tests.
4to Lond. 1688

A New Test in lieu of the Old one by way of Supposition, or a
satisfactory answer to that great and common question, viz.
If the penal laws and tests should be abolished, how shall the
Protestant Religion and interest be secured. By G. S.

pp. 34, 4to Lond. 1688

See Mackintosh's History of the Revolution, p. 224.

Pax Redux, or the Christian Reconciler. In three parts. Being a project for reuniting all Christians into one sole communion. Done out of French into English, by Philip Ayres, pp. 106, 4to Lond. 1688

Esq.

C. L.

The famous Bull in Coena Domini, published at Rome every Maun-
day-Thursday against Hereticks and all Infringers of ecclesi-
astical Liberties.
4to Lond. 1689

An Historical Account of making the Penal Laws by the Papists against the Protestants, and by the Protestants against the Papists. Wherein the true ground and reason of making the laws is given, the Papists most Barbarous usage of the Protestants here in England, under a colour of law, set forth; and the Reformation Vindicated from the Imputation of being Cruel and Bloody, unjustly cast upon it by those of the Romish Communion. By Samuel Blackerby, Barrister of Grays-Inn. Summa est ratio, quæ Religioni facit.

Fol. Lond. 1689.

Epistola ad clarissimum Virum T. A. R. P. T. O. L. A. [i.e. Theo-
logiæ apud Remonstrantes Professorem, Tyrannidis Osorem,
Limburgium, Amstelodamensem] scripta a P. A. P. O. J. L.
A. [i.e. Pacis Amico, Persecutionis Osore, Joanne Lockio,
Anglo].
12mo Tergon 1689

"This piece was so highly approved of in Holland and England,
that it was translated immediately into Dutch and English. It was
translated likewise into French by Monsieur Le Clerc, who inserted it
in the collection of miscellaneous discourses of Mr. Locke, printed in
1710." An abstract of the English Letter was inserted in the nine-
teenth volume of the Bibliothèque Universelle, p. 170 et seqq.
"This
letter was attacked by Mr. Jonas Proast in a piece intitled, The
argument of the letter concerning toleration briefly considered and
answered. Oxford, 1690, 4to. Upon this Mr. Locke published A
second letter concerning toleration, Lond. 1690, 4to. Mr. Proast
replied in A third letter, &c. Oxford 1691, 4to. Mr. Locke pub-
lished in answer to this A third letter for toleration, 4to 1692, con-
taining 350 pages. Mr. Proast made no reply for twelve years, but at
last published a pamphlet of 18 pages against the long letter of Mr.
Locke, who, though in a very declining state (for he died the same
year) determined to reply in a fourth letter concerning toleration," &c.

Bayle, 1738, vol. vii. A deficiency in this letter has been supplied in C. L. Lord King's Life of John Locke. See ibid. On the Difference between Civil and Ecclesiastical Power, indorsed Excommunication. Dated 1673-4: pp. 297–304. And, Defence of Non Conformity, an unpublished work, in which he animadverts on The Unreasonableness of Separation, by Dr. Stillingfleet: pp. 341-54. Extract from Locke's Common-Place Book, art. Sacerdos, 285–91.

See also Tracts on Allegiance, pp. 3–9.

CHAP. IV.

Of the discourses written on occasion of the King's most gracious letters of indulgence.

C. L. 39. A Letter to a dissenter, upon occasion of his majesty's late gracious declaration of indulgence.

pp. 7, 4to 1687 By George Savile, Marquis of Halifax, born about 1630, died 1695. In the State Papers, 1693, part i. p. 294. Somers Tracts.

"The Marquis of Hallifax, whose dexterity had been the active cause of throwing out the Bill of Exclusion, was in active opposition to King James ere he had held the throne two years, on which Ralph has the following sensible remarks: It is no uncommon thing for statesmen to look one way and row another: and yet there is scarce any circumstance of this reign more worthy of remark than the inconsistent parts now acted by two such eminent men as the Marquis of Hallifax and the Earl of Sunderland, and the inconsistent behaviour of his majesty towards them. The latter, who had gone warmly into the exclusion, under a seeming conviction of the many evils likely to befal the public under a catholic king, and who was now the oracle of the cabinet, laboured with all his might to introduce those very evils, if not to entail them on posterity. The Marquis, on the contrary, who had been indefatigable to shew that exclusion alone was a greater evil than all those put together, and yet was now out of place and favour, for that reason probably, took as much pains to convince the world that his former triumph was but a lucky mistake, and rather owing to the superiority of his parts than the goodness of his cause."" Ralph's History, vol. i. p. 953.

"Hallifax's object in the present tract is to prevent that dissension between the protestant non-conformists and the church of England, which the declaration was so likely to produce, and to unite them firmly against the papists." The Somers Tracts, vol. ix. p. 50; vol. ii. p. 364 of the original edition (first collection).

"Of the numerous pamphlets in which the cause of the Court and the cause of the Church were at this time eagerly and anxiously

pleaded before the Puritan, now, by a strange turn of fortune, the
arbiter of the fate of his persecutors, one only is still remembered,
the Letter to a Dissenter. In this masterly little tract all the argu-
ments which could convince a Nonconformist that it was his duty and
his interest to prefer an alliance with the Church to an alliance with
the Court, were condensed into the smallest compass, arranged in the
most perspicuous order, illustrated with lively wit, and enforced by an
eloquence earnest indeed, yet never in its utmost vehemence trans-
gressing the limits of exact good sense and good breeding. The effect
of this paper was immense; for as it was only a single sheet, more
than twenty thousand copies were circulated by the post; and there
was no order of the kingdom in which the effect was not felt.
Twenty-four answers were published, but the town pronounced that
they were all bad, and that Lestrange's was the worst of the twenty-
four. The government was greatly irritated, and spared no pains to
discover the author of the Letter; but it was found impossible to pro-
cure legal evidence against him. Some imagined that they recognised
the sentiments and diction of Temple. (Note. The letter was signed
T. W. Care says, in his Animadversions, This Sir Politic T. W. or
W. T.; for some critics think that the truer reading). But in truth
that amplitude and acuteness of intellect, that vivacity of fancy, that
terse and energetic style, that placid dignity, half courtly half philo-
sophical, which the utmost excitement of conflict could not for a
moment derange, belonged to Halifax, and to Halifax alone."-
Macaulay, vol. ii. p. 217.

"Lord Halifax published, on the same occasion, a Letter to a Dis-
senter; the most perfect model, perhaps, of a political tract; which,
although its whole argument, unbroken by diversion to general topics,
is brought exclusively to bear with concentrated force upon the ques-
tion, the parties, and the moment, cannot be read, after an interval of
a century and a half, without admiration of its acuteness, address,
terseness, and poignancy."- Mackintosh's History of the Revolution.

p. 174.

40. Answer to a Letter to a Dissenter, upon occasion of His C. L. Majesties late Gracious Declaration of Indulgence.

pp. 6, 4to Lond. 1687.