SHEWING THE NUMBER OF FAMILIES, THE PROPORTION OF PERSONS OCCUPIED IN AGRICULTURE, Leeds Town and Liberty 17,836 610 14,890 2336 40,532 43,264 Total, West Riding 161,466 31,613 108,841 (21,012397,542 1401,815 East Riding ... 40,499 15,480 16,637 8382 92,761 97,688 North Riding 38.73116,737 11,570 10,424 90,153 93,228 240,696 ||63,830 |137,048 |39,818 ||580,456 |592,731 ||1,173,187 ... 183,381 83,796 799,357 190,449 HISTORY OF YORK. Origio of the City.......................... 13 Sanguinary battle fought in the city, Eboracum the ancient name,............... 13 and York reduced to ruins............. 20 Artogal dethroned by Eleduru............. 13 Battle between Ethelred and Sweyn...... 20 13 Canute's reproof to his courtiers ......... 21 14 Invasion of the Norwegians ............... 21 its resemblance to Rome ............ 14 Battle of Stamford Bridge.................. 21 Becomes the seat of the Roman Emperors 14 Short-lived victory of Harold.............. 21 Adrian, the founder of the barrier wall, Norman invasion....... takes up his station here.............. 14 The kingdom conquered by William The Emperor Severus rcpairs to York... 14 the Norman... repels the Scots... 14 | York garrisoned by the Conqueror ....... 22 returns hither ..... 14 The garrison expelled by the aid of the Meridian splendour of York.............. 14 Danes....... Death of Severus ........................... 15 York besieged by the Conqueror.......... 22 His dying admonition...................... 15 taken and the city destroyed......... 22 His funeral riles. .......................... 15 The country laid waste from the Hum- 15 ber to the Tweed .......................... 22 The imperial purple assumed by Geta The city of York rebuilt................... 23 15 York visited by Henry II. ................. 23 Geta murdered by his brother in his mo- First English Parliament held here......... 23 ......... 15 Memorable persecution of the Jews....... 23 The imperial fratricide assassinated ...... 15 Royal Convention ..... ....... 15 Another Parliament held at York......... 25 Carausius proclaimed Emperor of the Invaded by the Scots......................... 25 15 Edward III. holds his court here ........... 26 Britain first displays her maritime power Splendid period in York history........... 25 under his sway ........................... 15 York visited by Richard II................ 26 The Emperor murdered and succeeded Price of provisious in 1393.................. 26 15 Archbishop Scroop's conspiracy and fate 27 Arrival of the emperor Constantius at York 15 Visit of Richard III. to York.............. 27 Constantine the Great born here......... 15 Insurrection of John a Chambre ........... 28 His inauguration in this city ............... 16 Suppression of the Monasteries ........... 28 Miraculously converted to Christianity 16 Pilgrimage of Grace........ Quits York for Constantinople. ............. 16 Visit of Henry VIII. to York ............ 28 Decline of the Roman empire ............ 16 The sweating sickness ...... Britain abandoned by the Romans......... 16 Conspiracy to restore the Catholic religion 29 ........ 16 | York visited by James I. ................... 29 Roman remains found in this city 17 visited by the plague................. 29 York the seat of letters .................... 19 Charles I. visits York.... assembles here his great council 30 The Saxons driven from York by King Breaking out of the civil wars............. 30 20 Charles fixes his head quarters here....... 30 Grand Convocation at York ............. 20 Battle of Marston Moor..................... 31 The first Christmas festival celebrated York besieged.......... .................. 32 in Britain held in this city............... 20 Establishment of the Saxon Heptarchy visited by Oliver Cromwell .......... 32 Bntain invaded by the Danes.............. 20 Henry Jenkins........ Their first operations against York....... 20 Old Parr....... 19,24 14,916 ............ 28 3,181 ................... Charles II. proclaimed here ...... .... 33 Newspapers and Racing Calendars. ..... .... York visited by the Duke of Cumber. land after the battle of Culloden....... 33 Fairs........... 33 Merchant Companies .................•* Visit of the Prince of Wales and the 34 Post Office.............................. 61-107 of Charles Fox and Earl St. Vincent 34 Navigation.............. ...........61-109 of the Duke of Sussex................ 34 Hawkers' and Pedlars' Office................ 61 34 Excise Office.................................... 61 The Cathedral ......... ..................... 35 Population return ............................ 62 its origin.................... 35 Places of Public Amusement ............... 62 destroyed and rebuilt...... 35 Theatre Royal................... Assembly Rooms ................. 36 | Yorkshire Amateur Concerts ........... *** Complete catalogue of the Archbishops Comparative magnitude of the Cathedral 37 Race Course ................................. 63 Description of that edifice................... 38 Mrs. Thornton's match,...... (Note)...... 63 of the exterior ................. 38 Powell the pedestrian's performance....... 63 of the interior.................... 38 Equestrian feat of John Lupton, Esq..... 63 Periods of public service .................... 40 Nevison, alias Swift Nick, Curiosities in the cathedral.................. 41 Public Baths................................... Persons of distinction interred here ...... 42 Prisons............ Clergy of the Cathedral......... ........ 42 York Castle Liberty of St. Peter's ....................... 43 New Gaol ............................. 65 44 House of Correction................. 65 ......... 44 Courts of Justice.............................. Dissenting Chapels of York............... 47 Corporation ........ 48 Mansion House.............................. Dilapidated churches and religious houses 48 Guildhall .... .......... 49 Subscription Libraries ....................... 68 The Red Tower.............................. 49 Cavalry Barracks ............................ 68 The Old Bayle........................... 50 Eminent characters ................ 68 Clifford's Tower................................. 50 Contrast between Ancient and Modern Benevolent Institutions..................... 50 Hospitals.......................... 50 Alphabetical List of Streets ............... 72 Asylums....... .......... 55 Directory of the City................73 to 106 Free Schools........ ........ 56 Mails and Post Coaches ..... ................ 108 Sunday Schools................. 58 Water Carriers ....... .............. 109 York Emanuel................. 68 Land Carriers...... Humane Society, directions of ............ 59 Poulterers and Carriers.. Trade and Commerce .................... 65 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF YORK. Romans might add the termination cum, or the Saxons wit, a place of refuge; and if the point was clear, which it is not, that the Ouse was anciently called Eure, as low as York, it would go far towards settling the etymology of this ancient city. In Domes day book, York is called, Civitas Eborum, and Eurwic. Humphrey Lhuyd, the learned Welsh antiquarian, in mentioning the Brigantine towns that are in Ptolemy's Geography, says, Eboracum is well known to YORK or EBORACUM is situated at the confluence of the rivers Ouse and Foss, near the centre of Great Britain, and in one of the most rich and extensive vallies in England. It is the capital of the great County to which it gives name, the see of an Archbishop, who is primate and metropolitan of England, and the second city in rank in the kingdom. This city is placed at the point of Junction, though independent of them all, of the three Ridings or districts into which the shire is subdivided. Anti-be the very same city that the Britons called quarians, into whose researches and conjec- Caer-Effroc, and is now contracted into tures it is not the business of this history York. Drake, the historian of York, in his deeply to enter, hold that, it was built by Eboracum, gives several other conjectures Ebraucus, the son of Mempricius, a British upon this subject, which serve only to show king, the third from Brute, and called from how futile is the attempt to solve a difficulty its founders Kaer-ebrauc, or the city of Eb- involved in the obscurity of upwards of raucus, in the year of the world, 2983, about twenty centuries. After the death of Ebrau the time when David reigned in Judea, cus, little but the names of their kings is and Gad, Nathan, and Asaph prophesied in mentioned by British historians, for thirty Israel of king Ebraucus, it is recorded, successions, except, that Geofry of Monthat he also built Actud, supposed by some mouth, says, that Elidurus having driven to be Aldborough, and by others Carlisle, his brother Artogal from his throne, met one and also Mount Agnea, the capital of Scot-day, in hunting, his deposed sovereign in land; that he reigned sixty years, and by the woods, and as he had long secretly retwenty wives had twenty sons and thirty pented of the injustice he had done him, he daughters, and dying at York, was inter- took him home secretly and concealed him red in a temple, dedicated to Diana, which in his bed chamber; then feigning to be he had erected, and of which the ancient sick he assembled all his nobles from various church of St. Helen's, at the junction of parts of the kingdom, whom he admitted Blake-street and Davygate, now forms the into his chamber one by one, and cut off the remains. Another conjecture is, that a heads of every one of them that would not colony of Gauls having seated themselves in promise again to submit to the rule of Ar ⚫ Spain and Portugal, were driven from togal! The agreement for his restoration thence by the Romans into mid-England, and being ratified, Elidurus conducted his brotook up their head station at York, to which ther to York, where in the presence of the they gave the name of Eboracum, from assembled people he took the crown from his Ebora, a town in Portugal, or Ebura, in own head and placed it upon his brother's. Andalusia. Leyland and Camden consider Artogal being thus restored to his kingdom the name as derived from the situation of reigned for ten years in peace and equity, the city on the river Eure, to which the when he died, and was buried at York, and was again succeeded by Elidurus. * Geofry of Monmouth. . + Sir Thomas Widdrington's MSS. Alcuin a native of this city, who wrote near a thousand years ago says, that York B was built by the Romans, and he has left his | vance to York, and under Fulgenius to under take the siege of that city. Virius Lupus, then Propractor in Britain, feeling his perilous situation wrote to the emperor Severus, “informing him of the insurrections and inroads of the Barbarians (as the native inhabitants were called) to beg that he might have either a greater force, or that the emperor would latter; attended by his two sons, Caracome over in person." Severus chose the calla and Geta, and by a numerous army, he arrived in Britain in 207, and fixed his station at York. The invaders on his arrival It gave their leaders a secure repose; Honour to th' empire, terror to their foes. retired to the north, and took up their stand This was no doubt the traditional account in in their fortresses beyond Adrian's Wall, his day, and the resemblance which York extending from Newcastle to Carlisle. This bears to the form of ancient Rome gives did not satisfy the emperor: Though suffercountenance to the opinion: The plan of ing under the combined influence of age and Rome left by Fabius, represents it in the infirmity, and obliged to be carried in a horse form of a bow, of which the Tyber was the litter he marched from York against the Castring, as the Ouse may be said not unaptly ledonians, penetrated to the extremity of the to be the bow-string of York. Both these island, and subdued this hitherto fierce and rivers run directly through the cities which unconquered nation. His next care was to they water, and have contributed to their build a stone wall about 80 miles in length, ancient splendour and present consequence. and of great strength in the place where his Drake is of opinion that York was first predecessor Adrian had thrown up ramparts planted and fortified by Agricola, and it is of earth; and thus the conquest seemed comcertain that when the emperor Adrian came plete, but according to Dion it was not purinto this island in the year 124, he took up chased without the loss of fifty thousand his station at York. Adrian brought into men. Severus having left his son Caracalla Britain to aid in the conquest of Caledonia, in the north, to superintend and facilitate the the Sixth Roman Legion, styled Legio Sexta building of the wall returned to York, where Victrix; in the year 150 Eboracum was the he struck coin, on which he designated himmost considerable Roman station; and Anto- self Britanicvs Maximvs, as conqueror of the ninus in his itinerary mentions it with the island. For more than three years he lived addition of "Legio VI Victrix." Marcus and held his imperial court in the Prætorian Aurelius Lucius, a British king, is said to have palace of this city,§ frequently giving judgbeen the first crowned head in the world that ment in judicial cases; and a rescript of law embraced christianity, and it is highly pro- is still preserved in the Roman code, issued bable that this monarch was born in York by the emperor, and dated from this city on as it is recorded of his father, Coilus, that he the 3d of the nones of May, in the consulate lived, died and was buried here.* In the of Fustinus and Rufus, corresponding to the reign of Commodus, the Caledonians, encou- year 211, relating to the recovery of the right raged by the lax discipline of the Roman sol- of possession of servants, or rather of slaves. diers, made a successful irruption into Eng-At this period York shone forth with meriland, and after cutting in pieces the Roman dian splendour. The concourse of tributary army ravaged the country, as far as York.†kings, says Drake, of foreign ambassadors Marcellus Ulpius, aided by the Ninth Legion drove back the Caledonians within their own borders, and thus for a short time rescued the country from the terrible visitation of the northern invaders, but as the sword had placed the Romans in Britain, nothing but force could sustain them there. Tradition now gives place to genuine history. The Roman power began to totter in their widely extended colonies. The banished Britons had become so bold as to adGeofry of Monmouth and Historie August. + Rapin. and Roman nobles which crowned the courts palace is supposed to have stood extends The ground on which the imperial from Christ's church to Aldwark, com prehending the site of all the houses and gardens on the east side of Goodramgate and of St. Andrewgate. |