both the name of the place and that of its resident correspond exactly with the modern appellation of Moylgrove or Trewyddel. However, if in spite of everything which indicates the contrary, the name Trewyddel means "the town-. ship of the Irishman," then it may very well refer to Diwrnach Wyddel, to whom the cauldron belonged, and may stand for an older "Tref Diwrnach Wyddel." Now, Llwydeu mab kel coet, whose house is said to have been at Porth Kerdin, is a very important personage in this mythology, and is referred to in the passage quoted above, as so well known that no explanation of him is offered. Under the name of Llwyt mab kil coet, he is represented in the Mabinogi of Manawyddan as a great magician, who could change his shape and that of others. The majesty and terror of supernatural power surround him at every step. But what I want to do now is to show that when the Dimetians began to rationalise their religion, and to localise the fantastic habitations of their demi-gods, the land of Cemmes, in which Moylgrove stands, is the most likely locality where our dreadful Llwyd would be placed. Why? First, because, although Cemmes is accounted one of the seven cantreds of Dyfed, yet there are reasons to believe that Cemmes was, to some extent, distinct from, and an enemy of, Dyfed. Llwyd, being the bane of Dyfed, is therefore likely to have been assigned a place in that province. Secondly, because Cemmes has long been regarded by the surrounding peoples as a land of mystery. Those children. of phantasy known as Plant Rhys Ddwfn are associated with it. Like Llwyd, they are able to place their country under enchantment, so that the aspect of it is changed or disappears altogether. In Cemmes grow their magical herbs; and in that land also is to be found that square yard of soil whereon whoever stands straightway beholds the Realms of Faery, where Rhys Ddwfn and his children live (Celtic Folklore, p. 158). Of this there is no doubt that, although Cemmes is in Dyfed, yet it holds a position distinct from the rest of that land. Even to this day it belongs ecclesiastically not to St. David's and Dyfed, but to Cardigan and Ceredigion. Even to-day, speak to the good folk of Puncheston, and they will talk to you of the inhabitants of Newport, Nevern, and Moylgrove, and the rest as "the dwellers beyond the mountains,' and as quite distinct from themselves. Centuries ago the Dimetians fought with the Cymry for the possession of Cemmes, and lost it: so that all that fair land between the Teifi and the Gwaun passed into the hands of Cunedda's stock. In the middle of the ninth century, its distinctive character seems to be recognised in the fact that a certain Cian of Nevern is specially mentioned under the year 865, in the Annales Cambria. It is not hard to believe that there was a distinction of race between the dwellers in Cemmes and those in surrounding provinces. One might suspect from the Mabinogion that they were not Cymric, not even Brythonic, but Goidelic or Irish. Cooped up in that ultimate corner of the land, it may be reasonably supposed that some remnant of that Goidelic race existed, till very late, which once had domineered the whole South of Wales, and perhaps the whole South of Britain; associated, it may be, with a still older race of men, making a last display of independence before their final assimilation in the compound Welsh nation of modern times. For note that the chief saint of Cemmes was an Irishman-Brynach the Goidel; and how that, in all probability, under such forms as Llanllawer, Llanychllwydog, Llanychaer, and the like, the forgotten names of other Irish missionaries lie hid. Dewi, whom they say was of Cunedda's stock, and was therefore a Brython and a Cymro, has no church of ancient foundation in the land of Cemmes, although his chief church was only twenty miles away. Llanllawer, Llanychllwydog, and Llanychaer are assigned to him indeed, but that probably only because their real founders have been long forgotten. It was among the Goidelic people of this and other corners of Wales that the peerless romances of the Mabinogion were fashioned; and therefore it is only likely that the gods and heroes with which they deal should be localised in their own districts, exactly like the gods and heroes of Greece. Professor Rhys is inclined to identify Llwyd with the Irish Liath, famous for his beauty (Celtic Folklore, p. 546). Now, apart from the fact that our Llwyd is represented in all the gorgeous beauty and display of a mediæval bishop and his suite, there is, in the Black Book of Carmarthen, a famous poem recounting the graves of the old Iberic and Celtic gods and heroes. One of these stanzas reads thus (fol. 35a):— "Bet Ilvit lledneis ig kemeis tir The first line of this englyn, in English, is :-"The Grave of Llwyd the Comely in the land of Cemmes.' I submit to Professor Rhys and others that this is no other but Llwydeu ab kel coed, whose residence was at Porth Kerdin, where the measure of the cauldron is -that is, Moylgrove, or Trewyddel, distinguished for possessing within its bounds that remarkable formation known as Pwll y Wrach. I leave to Pentrevor the description of the other marvels of Trewyddel, viz., the mineral well and Castell Tre'riffi: both mentioned by Fenton; also, such other coincidences as "Castell Llwyd" on the River Nevern. I should be very grateful to Professor Rhys if he were to consider the contention of this article. One would like, among other things, a reliable translation of the above stanza. That given by Skene is meaningless. What connection is there (if any) between Llwyt and Llwydawe Govynnyat and Gallcoyt Gouynynat in the story of Kulhwch? The last two names appear to be a splitting of some such form as Llwydawe Gallcoyt Gouynynat, which, strangely, reminds one of Llwydeu Kel Coet. Mr. John Griffith wrote as follows on the above: "It is surprising to me that George Owen, Lord of Kemes did not include the Moylgrove cauldron in his chapter on the natural wonders of Pembrokeshire. It is well known at Moylgrove that for ages the cauldron has been the show-place of the parish. Visitors are even now attracted to the place; but, in times past, I have learnt from the natives that, besides the cauldron itself, there were at least two still more powerful attractions on the spot-a well and a witch. Then, be it remembered, that right opposite the creek is a 'castle,' which Fenton compares with Tintagel. The only cottage on the headland where the 'castle' is situate is called Pen y Castell. Athwart the slope of Pen y Castell is a finely-constructed bridlepath, which leads to the castle. It is from near this bridle-path that the best view of the cauldron can be obtained. "I went first with Mr. Wade-Evans to see the place. Soon after, I accompanied his brother, Rev. J. T. Evans, to the spot, when the latter took some kodak views of the cauldron. It was on the second visit that we heard of a famous well on the 'castle' side of the creek. We did not see the well, but understood its name to be Ffynnon Halen. There was nothing in such a name, we thought, except an indication of its mineral character. "Some months later, I went all alone to Trewyddel to scout and follow up any chance trail. I concentrated my attention on nothing in particular. I appeared among the parishioners of that fag-end of Kemes like a very Micawber, looking for something to turn up. "I was extremely fortunate in discovering' at Moylgrove a village blacksmith, David Davies, who knows all there is to know about Moylgrove as it is, and its history, as much of it as the people to-day know. I was led to make my third journey after a chat with the Rev. Llewelyn Griffiths, Dinas, whose father, I understood, had lived at Moylgrove, and he himself knew the cauldron well. When I mentioned Fynnon Halen, he corrected me, and said its name is Fynnon Alem. When he was a lad at Moylgrove, he learned of it, as a thing which had happened just then that somebody saw a mermaid at Pwll y Wrach, with long hair, waving an arm out of the water. "In the meantime, a letter from a gentleman interested in Mr. Wade-Evans's discovery reminded me that we had not discovered a Ty Llwyd at Moylgrove. That was simply because not one of us thought of inquiring for such a place. Somewhere half-way from Newport to Moylgrove, I met a farmer, who told me that there is a Ty Llwyd at Moylgrove. That is enough, I thought. What's the use of going further? But, having found so much, the desire for more-like that of a miser-urged me on to the village. "As to Fynnon Alem, I found three witnesses confirming Mr. Griffiths's spelling of the name. And what do you make of that Alem? Alun Dyfed is a personage figuring somewhere in old Welsh literature. Final n, in Glamorgan, at any rate, is often turned into m. But I am far from being satisfied with my poor guess of the meaning of Alem. "The Rev. J. T. Evans and I made another find.' We found a regularly constructed path leading into one side of the cauldron. It is narrow, yet wide enough for a person to walk with both feet down together, if you can fancy a man walking So. Nervous people had better avoid it, though. The path leads into a cave of considerable size and length. Somebody once must have made much use of the cave. The making of a path on the sheer side of the cauldron was ticklish work. "Now, Mr. Davies told me that the people there still talk of a witch inhabiting the cave, and of people who used to visit Pwll y Wrach to consult the Wrach. I judged, from what I heard, that such a witch might have been haunting the place, say, within the last century. At any rate, Mr. Davies and his neighbours do not draw on our mythology for an explanation of Pwll y Wrach. They regard the name as associated with a common witch, just as Treriffith close by commemorates a Griffith-a name, alas! too common. At Dinas there is Tre'r Wrach, and there is Pant y Wrach in the Gwaun Valley, and Wrach place-names are in Wales quite common. "Ty Llwyd, Moylgrove, is close by the little harbour, so that Arthur could have hauled the sulit of Ireland in a jiffy from Prydwen, his ship at the harbour. There you have a convenient harbour for such a cockle-shell as Arthur's ship probably was— Ty Llwyd-then, perhaps, the only house close to the harbour, and, within a mile, Messur y Peir. Pwll y Wrach, however, cannot be styled a harbour place. There is no name to the brook that flows into the sea at Pwll y Wrach. All we could learn was that it is a rhewyn fach, rhewyn being the local generic name for a small brook. "Now for the mysterious Porth Kerdin. I am not nearer to the solution of the mystery than others. But here's a curious fact the river which flows into the sea below Moylgrove is called Awen; but its mouth is called, not Aber Awen, but Aber Ceibur. I tried hard to find some brook or other running into the Awen below the village, and called Ceibwr, but nothing of |