48. 1883; p. 192. 49. 1884, p. 138. Fourcrosses. 50. 1887, p. 241. 51. 1887, p. 252. 52. 1887, p. 254, Pen Caer Helen (E. L. Barnwell). A Reference to Cromlech Farm, near Old Fortifications (Hugh Prichard). An Account of Pen y Gaer, Llanaelhaiarn. 53. 1888, p. 58. The Llanrug Cromlech. 54. 1888, p. 168. The Llanfairfechan Cromlech; described by Mr. Worsley, F.S.A., of Warrington. 55. 1890, p. 156. An Account of the Carnarvon Gold Fibula Relation of Leinster and Lleyn (Professor The Goidels in Wales (Professor Rhys). Tre'rceiri and Eildon (Dr. D. Christison, Since 1899, the chief researches in the prehistoric antiquities of Carnarvonshire have been the explorations of Tre'rceiri, by the Rev. S. Baring-Gould, the Rev. John Fisher, B.D., and Mr. Harold Hughes In Archæologia Cambrensis, July, 1903, there is a valuable reprint from the British Museum Additional MSS. No. 28,860, on Ancient British Camps, etc., in Lleyn, county Carnarvon, by Mr. Edward Owen. 213 CHURCH OF SAINTS MAEL AND SULIEN, CWM, FLINTSHIRE. BY HAROLD HUGHES, Esq., A.R.I.B.A. THE small village of Cwm is picturesquely situated, with a well-wooded background, on the foot of the hills rising on the eastern side of the Vale of Clwyd, and is distant about three or four miles from St. Asaph and Rhuddlan respectively. The church is a parallelogram, and, the roof being modern, there is no architectural division between the nave, chancel, or sanctuary, otherwise than by successive flights of steps. The external dimensions are 88 ft. 6 in. by 26 ft., and the internal 79 ft. 5 in. by 20 ft. On the south side a simple porch has been added. The ground rises rapidly from west to east. The most important entrance is at the west end. It is approached by a flight of four steps, the lower having excessively high risers. (See plan of church, Fig. 1, and the western entrance in detail, in Fig. 2.) Within the church, the level of the floor at the western end is reached by a second flight of three steps. Immediately east of the south entrance there is a rise of two steps to the level of the nave proper. The chancel is raised three steps above the nave, and two further steps are placed before the sanctuary. Whether all the steps occupy their original positions is uncertain; but it is evident that the ancient floor-levels approximately corresponded with those existing. The windows rise correspondingly from west to east. The rough paved floor of the western division doubtless coincides with the ancient floor-level at this end of the church. The lower part of the western wall is 6 ft. 6 in. in width. Above the doorway, a deep weathering of wrought stone, running the length of the western end, 6TH SER., VOL. IV. 15 The church is lighted by six windows-one in the eastern, two in the northern, and three in the southern wall. The windows belong to four different periods. In the northern wall, opposite the end of the altar-rail, is a sepulchral recess. In the south wall, to the east of, and close to, the entrance from the porch, are the remains of a simple stoup. The structure appears to be of one period: the end of the fifteenth or the beginning of the sixteenth centuries. To this period belong the two entrance doorways, the eastern window, and the window in the south wall of the chancel. The sepulchral recess in the north wall is composed of stones of an earlier date. The detail is rude and simple. The four-lobed flowers on the soffit, near the outer edge, placed about 5 in. apart, centre to centre, are characteristic of fourteenthcentury work (see Fig. 2). The apex of the arch is considerably to one side of the centre of the opening. The voussoirs do not follow the curve of the arch. Portions of a rude hood-moulding remain over the upper part of the arch. The general appearance is that of old stones re-used, and set in a manner not originally intended. The general character of the two entrance doorways is identical. The sizes of the openings vary but slightly. Each doorway has an obtuse two-centred arch. The label-mouldings are worked to the same section. The arch and jamb mouldings of each doorway are continuous. The wave moulding appears in both instances, but in the western entrance it is employed in connection with a plain chamfer. The stonework, especially of the western entrance, has suffered greatly from the weather. The mouldings of the eastern window, and the window in the south wall of the chancel, are identical. The label-mouldings correspond with those over the entrance doorways. The mullions have hollow chamfers. The outer jamb, arch, and head-mouldings contain a deep hollow, while the inner are splayed. The east |