acres of land, and for the Burton Tower estate as 138 acres. Llyndir" means Lakeland.

Broadoak" was also boardland, and therefore 'of the nature of demesne." For this reason it can hardly be the free messuage and lands of about 42 statute acres, bearing the same name, which is mentioned by Norden as held in Burton by Thomas Powell, Esq., of Horsley.

Other bits of " boardland," or "Tir y bwrdd," in Burton are the sites of the Upper Mill, Rossett, the public-house close at hand, and of Rossett church and churchyard; as well as "Dol y march" (Horse meadow), and part of the Higher Ddol, and another meadow south of the Alyn.

This is what John Norden wrote in 1620 concerning these boardlands: "Pasc [read Past for Pastus] lande is supposed to bee demeasnes as is also Bordeland, the tythe of which lands Sr Richard Treuor hath as tythe sometimes belonging to a ffree Chappell within the Castle of Holt which was in the guift of H. 8 of the yearlie value of xli. and the land thus tythable was called Pastland or Tyre Borough [Tir y Bwrdd = Boardland].

But I shall describe the nature of "Board-" and "Past-land" in another chapter.

"Heol Hwfa" (Hwfa's street) is another tenement whose name occurs in Edward Lhuyd's Itinerary. Of course, it was situate on the border of Heol Hwfa Green, which last is mentioned in 1620.

A waste or common, called Higher Hunckley greene" is recorded in 1620 by John Norden, who also mentions "Gwern Grydey, being part of the common Moore conteyning by estimacōn threescore acres adioining upon the south parte thereof vpon the lands of Sir Richard Grosvenor, knight;" and the jury of survey petitioned for themselves and the Prince's tenants that they might be "admitted and ordered to have their auncient Comōn in the said Moore as auncient Tennaunts of the said Mannour haue formerly had therein,"

The abovenanied 120 customary acres would be equivalent to nearly 254 statute acres of land. The king, however, had already granted 380 statute acres of this marshy moor to Sir Richard Grosvenor, Knt., to be held in free soccage as of the manor of East Greenwich; so that the area of Gwern Gweridey had shortly before been 634 acres, and was already being rapidly curtailed. It lay in the northern part of the township. "Gweryd" (plural, "Gwerydau ") seems to correspond precisely to "moss, as that word is understood in the north of England and south of Scotland, and so to designate a large open mossy waste. "Gwern Gwerydau" would then mean Alder marsh of the mosses.

In 1620 the inhabitants of the township of Burton held a piece of waste called "Acr Flintshire," containing about 21 statute acres, paying therefor to the Prince 3s. 4d. yearly.

The upper mill at Rossett, commonly called "Marford Mill," appears to have been purchased by Sir Richard or Sir John Trevor after 1608 and before 1620. Sir John Trevor held also in 1620 the water-course towards the abovenamed mill, as well as a piece of land and the water-course towards his fulling mill. little above the Upper Mill, Rossett, on the south side of the Alyn, is a large meadow still called "Dol y pandy" (Meadow of the fulling mill).

A

Norden names, in 1620, a close in Burton called "Llwyn y Ffrancod" (Grove of the Frenchmen or Normans)-a most interesting name. He mentions also as being in the same township a house having "the sign of the Red Lion."

If in these desultory notes concerning Burton I have omitted to deal with several important estates in the township, this is because I have no adequate materials at hand to write of them fitly and fully.

1 We have to remember that there were two mills on the Alyn close together, both called "Marford Mill" or Rossett Mill :" the Upper Mill abovenamed in Burton, and the Lower Mill in Marford.

APPENDIX TO CHAPTER I.

Extracts from Dodleston Registers.

1623. This year the curate of Gresford and some of the p'shoners of the meaner ranke came after a straglinge maner, some of them ov' the moore and some of them through Pulford p'ish unto to the New Hay and soe to Moore Well; and said that that well was in theire p'ish, yet could bring noe proofe for it; but said they were comnianded soe to doe by S'r Rich: Treav'r; and when they went away they went agayne into Pulford p'ish, where the parson, Mr Terrey, mett them, and rebuked them for romeinge out of their p'ish and from their wonted bonds.

1642. This yeare the curate of Gresford w'th some of the p'ishioners having come for div'rs yeares to Moore Well, some of them ou' the Moore and some of them through Pulford p'ish in p'session [procession] saieing that they were sent thiether to clayme that well to be in their p'ish, yet knew noe reason why they should doe soe. And now this year w. . . . they were in the Moore, And they saw some soulld'rs standing by the well (w'ch soulld'rs went to see their fashions) they the said curate and his company w'th went back agayne, and neu' came unto the well.

1643. This yeare none of the p'ish of Gresford came unto Moore Well, as formerlie they had done, neyther did soe much as any one of them come unto the Moore this p'ambulac'on

time.

1 Rev. Roger Terry.

107

SOME TRACES AND TRADITIONS ROUND

LLANGYBI.

BY WALTER WILLIAMS, ESQ., M.B.

LLANGYBI in Eifionydd is one of those hallowed spots which is sacred to the memory of the ancient Church of the Cymry; and the few traces which survive of the missionary whose good works are still remembered in these parts, by reference to his name and life as Cybi Lân, are full of surpassing interest.

We are on the track of St. Cybi, who, nearly fourteen centuries ago, crossed over from Ireland in a wicker coracle, which got into trouble amongst the rocks of the Carnarvonshire coast.

There is no means of determining the exact spot where the Saint and his disciples-numbering, we are told, twelve-met with this disaster; but in view of the probability that his uncle Cyngar, who was by this time old and feeble, formed one of the party, it is conceivable that their safe landing, or the burial of this aged uncle, had something to do with the naming of the Island of Cyngar in the immediate vicinity of Borth y Gest. However, Cybi ultimately arrived at a place which was then called Cunab, where he founded a church which is known to this day as Llangybi.

One is led to believe that the sea was nearer the Cunab of those days than it is at present; in any case, there is ample evidence to prove that the immediatelysurrounding district was then more or less covered with water, so that this would in a measure account for Cybi's selection.

Chwilog, as its name implies, was a whirlpool, and Ynys Leci, Ynys Galed, Ynys Creua, and Ynys Wen all point to the islands which studded the Fenlands

of Eifionydd in those days; and one can picture the good Cornishman working his skiff along the waterways, until he arrived at the ridge of land to the south of Carn Bentyrch.

Cybi finding this a suitable spot for a sanctuary, his first care was to get water. So with his staff he is said to have evoked a spring which bears his name to this day; he then proceeded, in the usual Celtic custom, to fast and pray for forty days and forty nights, in order

τέμενος,

from

τεμνο,

to secure the place as a foundation for himself and his followers for all time. The spot thus made sacred was termed "Llan," which corresponds in sense with the Greek word I cut. The first shrine would be a round hut, crudely interwoven, in all probability from the abundance of willow growth in the immediate vicinity of some such place Llwyn Helyg.

It was in this humble wicker cell that Maelgwn, King of Gwynedd (d. 547), first made the acquaintance of Cybi a meeting which was fraught with good con