ing the same with that of the revolving fluted or channeled cylinder in Calvert and Crane's machine."

Claim." What I claim, is the manner in which I have constructed what I have denominated the angular toothed guard, and combined the same with the revolving intersecting toothed cylinder, the angular toothed guard lying upon the fine comb cylinder and separating the burs and other foreign matter by the action of the oblique edges of its teeth, and much foreign matter being finally beaten off by the revolving intersecting teeth of the cylinder, as set forth; the respective parts being made, adjusted, and being constructed and operating substantially in the manner described."

54. For a Governor or Regulator for Machinery; Louis Lizé, a citizen of France, residing in Pittsburg, Pa., November 25.

This is a substitute for the well-known centrifugal governor, or the hydraulic governor, and consists of the employment of two bellows pumps, which force air into a receiver, the upper part of which is movable and connected with the steam engine or other machine to be regulated, so that when the quantity of air forced in is too great for the capacity of the discharging aperture, it is forced up and arrests the supply of steam, if applied to a steam engine, or of water, if applied to a water wheel.

As the claim refers to and is dependent upon the drawings, we are under the necessity of omitting it.

55. For an improvement in Shutes for directing the discharge of Water on to Water Wheels; Ira Stanbrough, Arcadia, Wayne county, N. Y., November 25.

This improvement is applicable to the tub wheel and other wheels to which the water is applied in the same way.

Claim. "I do not claim as my invention, the employment of a series of spouts at the bottom of the flume, for admitting water to the buckets of the wheel, nor do I claim constructing these spouts in a separate plate, constituting the bottom of the flume; but what I do claim as my invention, and for which I desire to procure letters patent, is combining a movable plate or system of spouts with the floor of the flume, which is separate, and detached from said plate or system of spouts, and having apertures for the passage of the water to the buckets of the wheel, which plate or system of spouts can be removed when necessary to take out or repair the wheel, and can again be put down in its proper place without taking up or injuring the flume or the floor thereof, and without separating the spouts from each other, as described and set forth."

56. For an improvement in Door Latches; James M. Hoggan, New Haven, Ct., November 25.

This is for an improvement on that kind of mortise latch in which the bolt is thrown back by turning the knobs either to the right or left, the projections or levers on the spindle being located within an

opening in the body of the bolt, and acting on the back face thereof. The alleged objection to the old plan, which it is the object of the present modification to remove, is the small extent of motion given to the bolt, or if not this, the great width required to be given to the opening in the bolt to receive levers or projections on the spindle of sufficient length to give the required motion to the bolt. To remedy this defect, four cogs are made on the spindle above, two above and two below, and one above and one below in the space or opening in the bolt. The first cog above and below on the spindle are on the same plane, and act against the back face of the opening in the bolt, and the other two are on a plane further back and act on the cogs of the bolt. This arrangement of the cogs is necessary to admit of pushing back the bolt by turning the knobs in either direction, for when the upper cogs are in action, the lower cogs pass by each other, and vice versa, which would not be the case if all the cogs were on the same plane. Another improvement is for adopting the spindle to doors of various thicknesses, by tapping the spindle for the reception of the knobs, which screw on, and providing a slot at each end, instead of a hole, for the securing pin.

Claim. "What I claim, is the formation of the rim of the bolt with cogs therein, in combination with the arrangement of cogs on the segment or half pinion, for the purpose and in the manner described. I also claim the combination of the screw attachment of the knobs and segment, or knob, with the slots in the ends of the said shaft, for the purpose of accommodating the space between the knobs to any thickness of doors, as described."

57. For improvements in Self-acting Rotary Temples for Looms; Wm. Craig and John Cochrane, England, November 25.

Claim.-"We shall claim the method of constructing the self-acting rotary temple so as to have the cloth pass over and in contact with the upper surface of the wheel, instead of a plate, below which the wheel was placed, as heretofore made, so that the selvage shall, in a great degree, be supported on the circular edge or junction of the faces of the flanch and wheel, by having the wheel of pins revolve on an arbor projecting from the box, as described. We do not wish to be understood as making claim simply to this mode of working a wheel on an arbor, as it is a well-known device, but to limit our claim to it when employed in temples of the above construction, and in the manner and combination set forth. We also claim the projection on the exterior of the wheel-box, formed as described, and situated immediately in rear of the front opening in its circumference, and through which opening the cloth is introduced to the wheel, the same being for the purpose of guiding the selvage, or turning it downwards at the proper angle, to be received on the points, as the wheel is revolved, in the process of weaving."

ENGLISH PATENTS.

Specification of a Patent granted to JOHN LIONEL HOOD, of the city of London, for an improved composition or mixture of metals, applicable to the manufacture of sheathing for ships and other vessels, bolts, nails, or other fastenings,—being a communication. [Sealed 17th February, 1844.]

This invention consists in certain mixtures of copper, zinc, and lead, with or without the addition of a small proportion of antimony, tin, or iron, and in which mixture the copper exists in various proportions, up to 50 per cent.; the object being, to produce a compound which is capable of being rolled out into sheets, suitable for the purposes to which copper sheathing has hitherto been applied; and also for forming ships' bolts, nails, and other fastenings. The addition of a third or fourth metal to the ordinary ingredients of brass, (which are copper, and zinc,) is for the purpose of altering the crystaline arrangement of the particles of the metallic compound, or brass metal, to enable the manufacturer to roll the same into sheets with a smaller proportion of copper than has hitherto been practised (by which means a much cheaper sheathing is produced than sheet copper, or the sheathing hitherto known as yellow metal,) and also to form a compound which is capable of wearing well, yet containing a sufficient proportion of copper to render the surface of the plates susceptible of oxidation at sea, and thereby poisonous, by the formation of the cupreous salts, so as to resist the attack and adhesion of barnacles and other marine animals, which would otherwise impede the rate of the ship's sailing.

The mixtures here chosen are in such proportion as to combine chemically, or in atomic ratio, taking the prime equivalent, copper, at 32, according to the authority of the late Dr. E. Turner, Professor of Chemistry at the University of London.

As an example of the requisite proportions to embody these conditions, the following compounds are given, in which the copper ranges from 40 to 50 per cent.:

Iron may also be employed, by forming a mixture in which 1 atom or 28 parts of the pure metal, are combined with any given number of atoms (or equivalents) of copper, the zinc being also employed in atomic ratio.

The foregoing mixtures are given merely as examples for the formation of metallic compounds, of different densities, to be employed in the construction of rods, bolts, nails, sheets, and other similar articles, suitable for marine and other purposes; but the patentee does not confine himself thereto, so long as the mixture is in definite proportions, atomic ratio, or chemical equivalents, and forming a compound in which the copper ranges in proportion, not exceeding 50 per cent. by weight; such proportions forming an economical and useful mixture for the manufacture of marine sheathing, rods, bolts, nails, and other fastenings, the same not having been hitherto used and employed for such purposes.

The best mode of manufacturing is,-first to melt the copper in any suitable furnace, and, when completely fused, to add the zinc, lead, and other metals (if others are employed,) in small quantities at a VOL. IX 3RD SERIES,-No. 6-JUNE, 1845.

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time, so as to avoid "setting" or cooling down the copper below the point of fusion; waiting a sufficient time between each addition to allow the proportion last added to become properly melted and incorporated, and taking care to prevent, as much as possible, the loss of the zinc by volatilization; which object is usually effected by holding each plate, or ingot, of zinc down below the surface of the copper, by means of a wooden pole or iron tool, till it is completely melted, as is well known to the workmen employed in making brass and yellow metal.

Or the entire quantity of copper may be first melted, and the lead, or other metal, then added. When the mixture is sufficiently fluid, a wooden pole should be introduced into the melted metal, and the mixture stirred well, the pole being allowed to burn, so as to liberate the hydrogenous gases from the wood, similar to the modes generally adopted in "poling" copper, when refining that metal. A portion of charcoal may likewise be thrown on the surface of the melted metal, to prevent loss by oxidation; the same being regulated by the practical experience of the founder, who should be well acquainted with the usual modes of refining copper and other metals. When this is done, the zine or spelter should be added, in the way previously pointed out, to avoid chilling the metal too much; and when the whole is properly fused, the charge should be "tapped" or "laded" out of the furnace without delay, into iron or other suitable moulds, to form plates of from one to two inches in thickness, which should be allowed to get cold, and then separated from the moulds, and brought to a red heat, in a suitable furnace. The plates must be then passed between the rolling cylinders to reduce them to the required thickness-stopping the rolling as the metal chills below the point of redness; and reheating it as often as it is found necessary; or the plates when reduced to about 4th inch thickness may be rolled cold,--taking the usual precaution of annealing them in the furnace after every two or three times. passing between the cylinders.

The furnaces and machinery may be suchas those ordinarily employed in melting and rolling copper and brass, which are well known, and therefore require no particular description.

The patentee does not confine himself to the precise proportions herein set forth; but he claims the manufacturing of sheathing, rods, bolts, nails, and other fastenings, for marine and other purposes, from mixtures of the above-mentioned metals, in atomic ratio, in which the copper does not exceed the proportion of 50 per cent., as above described. [Eurolled August, 1844.]

Lond. Journ. Arts & Sciences.

Extract from the Specification of a Patent granted to CHARLES CLARK, of the city of London, for his invention of an improved pyro-hydro-pneumatic apparatus, or means of generating, purifying, and condensing steam and other vapours.-[Sealed 31st January, 1843.]

This improved apparatus is shewn in the annexed figure as appli