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ice surrounding the sides of said compartment; or to the moderated temperature produced by the supplying of water to the tubes or troughs; the respective parts being combined, arranged, and operating substantially as set forth."

34. For an improvement in Escapements of Chronometers, Watches, Clocks, &c.; Oramel W. Waste, Pittsford, Monroe county, New York, September 24.

"The nature of my invention," says the patentee, "consists in applying detents, or a detent cylinder, to the lever as it is used with the roller and jewel pin in the lever watches now in use, and placing the staff of the balance in such a position with the scape wheel, so that by its teeth being locked and unlocked in a peculiar manner, the balance may receive its impulse directly from the teeth of the scape wheel, as in the chronometer and duplex watches, without being subject to many of its disadvantages."

The accompanying diagram will convey to the mind of the reader a much better idea of the arrangement than a lengthy description.

Claim. "What I claim, is the application of detents, or a detent cylinder, to the lever as it is used with the roller and jewel pin in the lever watches now in use, also the manner of constructing my detent cylinder, as described, also the arrangement attained in the use of the detents or detent cylinder as combined with the lever, as described, together with the placing of each of the three axles of this escapement so that, by their relative position with each other, they shall produce in connexion with the detents or detent cylinder, the above described locking and unlocking of the teeth of the scape wheel, so that the balance shall receive its impulse on the jewel pin at the time the tooth shall pass the whole distance from one detent to the other, it being ths or a greater part of the distance from the point of one tooth to the point of the next, and shall pass the remaining tenth or

lesser distance as it is unlocked by the balance returning, as described. And I also claim the right of applying my escapement in the construction of chronometers, watches, clocks, and such other instruments or machines to which it may be advantageously applied."

35. For an improvement in Trusses for Hernia; Charles C. Reinhardt, and Valentine Carter, Baltimore, Maryland, September 24. The pad is so connected with a spring lever, projecting downwards from the main spring, to which it is jointed, as to have a free movement thereon.

Claim. "What I claim is, combining the pad having a motion on its own axis with the main spring of the truss by means of the jointed lever, the construction, arrangement, and operation of the whole being substantially as specified."

36. For an improvement in the Chair for Invalids, called the "Therapeutic Chair;" James G. Holmes, Charleston, South Carolina, September 24.

The patentee says "The principal characteristic feature of my chair is the peculiar manner in which I have combined the seat with the back, with a jointed apron in front, and with the lower frame of the chair, so that a person sitting therein, can by his own weight operating on the back, cause the back and the apron to assume a horizontal position, and to constitute a couch; or can cause the back and the apron to stand at any inclination to the bottom that may be desired; and can also, by allowing his weight to press upon the seat, elevate the back, and depress the apron at pleasure, from a horizontal or inclined position.

The back is jointed to the back part of the frame, and the apron to the front, and the seat instead of resting on the frame is jointed to the back and apron above their junction with the frame.

Claim. "What I claim, is the manner in which I have combined the seat, the back, and the apron with each other, and with the lower segment or legs of the chair, as set forth, by which combination and arrangement the person occupying the chair is enabled by the action of his own gravity, to govern the position of the moving parts; the whole being connected and combined substantially as described."

37. For an improvement in the manner of Making Bricks; William T. Peters, Executor of Ithiel Town, New Haven, Connecticut, September 27.

This "consists in making the bricks hollow with partitions connecting the sides and ends.

Claim.-"What I claim, is the method of constructing bricks of the forms described, in the manner and for the purpose set forth, having the interior hollow and intersected with partitions, as described."

38. For an improvement in the Reaction Water Wheel; Theodore R. Limby, Cato, Cayuga county, New York, September 27. The claim will convey to the reader as distinct a notion of the construction of this wheel as could be given without drawings.

Claim. "What I claim, is the peculiar spiral form which I give to the channels of said wheel, from their upper ends to their delivery openings, such openings being, in all cases, substantially the same with that made known. I likewise claim the lessening of the delivery openings by means of gauge plates, whether effected in the manner set forth, or in any other that is substantially the same.

The gauge plates are attached to the wheel at right angles to the delivery, in such a manner that the size of the delivery can be contracted and enlarged at pleasure.

39. For an improvement in the Churn; A. C. Stiles, South Bloomfield, Pickaway county, Ohio, September 27.

The box of the churn is divided into two chambers by a perforated partition, and in each of these there is a dasher, the stem or rod of which is jointed to an arm from a rocking shaft at each end of the box, and the two rocking shafts are connected together and to a hand lever by a connecting rod jointed to a pendulous arm at the end of each rocking shaft and to the hand lever placed mid-way between the two. The arms are so connected that when one dasher rises, the other descends. The box is placed on rockers, so that by the operation of working the dashers by the hand lever, the box is rocked and thus the cream is acted upon by the dashers and forced through the holes of the partition by the combined action of the dashers and the rocking of the box.

Claim.-"What I claim is the combination of the rockers and dashers in the double chambered churu, and for the purpose set forth.”

40. Foran improvement in Telegraphic Communication, denominated the American Semaphore; Heury J. Rogers, Baltimore, Maryland, September 27.

This invention "consists in the combination of a series of balls, disks or lamps, a row of which are placed in a line, which it is preferred should be vertical, as numerators, and moving other balls in lines parallel therewith that are decimally arranged for denominators by means of chains or other analogous contrivances for land or sea service. Or for sea service alone signal flags may be used.

Claim. "What I claim is,-First-the combination and arrangement of signal disks or lanterns, in the manner and for the purpose set forth. Secondly-I claim the method of signalizing the alphabet by means of a decimal progression. Thirdly-the system of flags described, that is to say, the combination of numeral and decimal or denominator flags, combined and applied in the manner specified."

41. For an improvement in the Ring Groove Spinner; John Thorp, North Wrentham, Norfolk county, Massachusetts, September 27. This is for an improvement on the well known ring groove spinner, patented many years ago by Mr. Thorp, and consists of a ring made of round wire let into a hole made in a plate of iron; on this ring is fitted the wire hook which is carried around with the thread in spin

ning, and for the purpose of putting this hook on the ring a small hole is made in the plate by the side of the ring, and a portion of the outer periphery of the ring, the hole being somewhat larger than the diameter of the wire of which the hook is made.

Claim. "What I claim, and desire to secure by letters patent, is an improvement consisting of a new combination of ring, hole, and hook, adjusted to the plate of the ring flyer, and in combination with each other, the ring, hole, and hook, forming, by the peculiar construction and adjustment of each, and by their combination as in the specification, an improvement of the ring flyer, and which is called the universal ring flyer.".

42. For an improvement in the Bark Mill, for Grinding Tanners' Bark; Mather Beecher, Remson, Oneida county, New York, September 27.

In this mill the concentric rings of the runner work between those of the fixed or bed grinder; the teeth being formed on the inner and outer peripheries of the rings, and the upper edges armed with cutters, to cut the bark into large pieces before the grinders begin to act.

Claim. "What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by letters patent, is the addition of the hook extending above the edges of the rings of the grinder, and presenting their point forward in the direction of the motion of the grinder. The whole being arranged, constructed, and combined substantially as described."

43. For improvements in machinery for Pulverizing Clay and making Bricks; Nathan Sawyer, Baltimore, Md., September 27.

The clay is pulverized by means of a vertical wheel with the two faces armed with circular rows of teeth; the sides of the box (called cheeks) below the shaft are also provided with corresponding teeth, and at the top of this box there are bars or rods of iron, bent in semicircles, so arranged as to lie between the rows of teeth on the wheel; these are called "guard pieces," and prevent the entrance of stones.

The pulverized clay passes from the pulverizer into a trunk of considerable length, into which a follower works, to force the clay forward to a cutting knife; the condensation of the clay being effected by the resistance occasioned by the sides of the box, which, at the same time forms the ends and sides of the brick, the thickness being formed by a knife which moves up and down, and which, at each stroke, severs a brick from the block or mass of compressed clay forced through the trunk. The trunk is made larger at that end in which the follower works than it is where the bricks are formed, and the intermediate space slopes regularly to condense the clay. To a sliding gate, immediately in front of the end of the trunk, there are two knives attached, one to pare off the end of the mass of clay to form one face of the brick, and the other to sever or separate the brick from the mass. Claim. "What I claim is the manuer of condensing the pulverized earth or clay, by forcing it by means of a piston, through a channel like that which I have denominated a moulding trunk, which trunk may be made to vary in the dimensions of its respective parts, in the

manner set forth, or may be of the same dimensions throughout, but of increased length; it being so made, in either case, as that the fric tion of the clay against the sides of the channel along which it must pass, shall suffice to cause the material to be sufficiently condensed to give the required solidity to the brick.

"I likewise claim the cutting off and paring the sides of the brick by means of knives, arranged and operating substantially as set forth. I also claim the particular manner of constructing the pulverizer, by combining a revolving disk, furnished with teeth on each of its faces, with the guard bars and the cheeks, as set forth."

44. For an improvement in the Hand Printing Press; Seth Adams, Boston, Mass., September 27.

The following claim is deemed sufficient to enable the reader to understand the character of the improvement.

Claim. "I claim my particular mode of arranging and operating the bed, (with or without its form of type) platen, frisket frame, (with or without its frisket) and inking apparatus, with respect to each other; not meaning in the above to claim the mechanical devices adapted to produce their respective movements, but the manner in which they are all arranged and operate together, or in combination with each other, the said arrangement and operation of the parts consisting, first, in placing the platen in line between the bed and frisket frame, (when the frisket frame is out or in the position to receive a sheet of paper to be printed) and somewhat above the same; secondly, in causing the bed and frisket frame to be moved towards each other and the platen and beneath the platen, and so as to carry the frisket (containing the sheet of paper) directly under the platen and over the form of type on the bed and, after imprinting the sheet of paper, reversing the movement of the bed and frisket frame, so as to cause them to recede from each other and the platen, and to come in their first position, viz:such a position as will enable the operative or operatives of the press to remove the printed sheet of paper and supply its place with one to be printed; and thirdly, in disposing the inking apparatus directly in rear of, or upon the rear part of the platen, and so that as the bed passes out from beneath the platen, and in or below the same, the said inking apparatus shall ink the form of type, as set forth.

"I also claim the combination of levers, connecting rods and links in their application to the bed and frisket frame, in the manner as set forth, and for the purpose of producing the required movements of the frisket frame through those of the frame. I also claim the manner by which I am enabled to produce the reciprocating, rectilinear, lateral movements of the distributors upon the roller beneath them, without using any apparatus such as is generally applied to the said lateral distributors for changing their angular positions with respect to the roller beneath them, so as to cause them to travel upon it from one end of it to the other end, in an opposite direction, viz: by arranging the main distributing rollers with respect to the roller by which the type is inked, and the said inking roller with respect to the bed, as de

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