sometimes found by the Country People: but how probable foever this may be, after all the diligent Search and Enquiry I was capable of making, I could neither find any fuch thing myself, nor hear of any other who had found the leaft Remains thereof. The Name of Picts, or Pechts-Wall, or Scotish-Waith, (according to Cambden) was not given it on any Notion that the Picts or Scots built it, but because it was rear'd by the Romans, as a Barrier or Fence against the Invafions of these two Nations. I have been lately favour'd with a Draught of two very curious Heads, built up in a Wall in Edinburgh, the Sculpture of which is fo excellent, that I have been advis'd, by the beft Judges of Antiquity, to give it a Place in my Book. One Head is the Representation of a Man with a Beard, oppofite to which is the other of a Woman, both in Mezzo Relievo: They are attir'd in Roman Habits, and are, indifputably, Works of that Nation; notwithstanding, it appears, that the Stone has been cut asunder in the Middle, and a Gothick Infcription, in the Monkish Times, thruft in betwixt them. Some have imagined this to have been originally defign'd for a Sarcophagus; many Heads of the like Kind appearing upon the Sarcophagi, in Monfaucon, and other Books of Antiquity; but a very learned and illuftrious Antiquary here, by the Ideas of the Heads, judges them to be Reprefentations of the Emperor Septimius Severus, and his Wife Julia. This is highly probable, and confiftent with the Roman Hiftory; for, that the Emperor, and most of his Auguft Family were in Scotland, appears plain in Xephiline, from Dio, as I have already mention'd, in the 104th Page of this Work. The Figures, as they were defign'd by the ingenious Mr. Alexander, at Edinburg, lee in Plate III. Fig. I. Before I conclude this Work, it may not be improper to give my Opinion, how far the Romans penetrated into Caledonia; the general Notion being, that they never went further than the River Tay. This, I confefs, is hard to determine abfolutely; but, as there are no Veftiges of Roman Monuments to the Northward of that River, That Conjecture feems the more Rational : However, Xephiline from Dio, tells us otherwife, namely, that Septimius Severus with his Army penetrated Ad extremam Partem Infulæ ; and to af fure us, that he meant the most Northerly Part, he mentions the great Incquality of the Days and Nights, and the prodigious Changes of the Seasons there, with respect to what they were in Rome. Some other feeming Evidences would perfuade us, that the Romans went beyond Tay, for on digging up a fmall Tumulus, called the Green Cairn, near the Caftle of Glames, in Strathmore, an Urn was lately difcovered, with great Quantities of Roman Medals of Silver, many of which are still in the Poffeflion of the Earl of Strathmore. I procured one of them my felf from a Countryman; it was a Silver Coin of Galba, and is now in Baron Clark's Collection. And at a Place called the Silver Burn, near Aberdeen, a great Quantity of Roman Medals was alfo found, many of which I saw in the Hands of fome curious Gentlemen there. Befides, a great way further North, in the Country of the Boyne, several Roman Coins were dug up, about 27 of which are still preferved in the Cuftody of my Honourable and Worthy Patron, the Earl of Findlater, Four of them I perceived to be Medals of Antoninus Pius, one of Fauftina, one of Otho in Silver, whofe Reverfe had this Legend, VICTORIA OTHONIS; the reft were of different Emperors, and are too many to describe. All these feem to evidence, that the Romans, particularly Severus, penetrated further into Caledonia than the River Tay. But as there are no man ner of Vestiges of Roman Encampments, no Altars with Infcriptions, nor any Roman Military Inftruments to be feen there, I am ftill of Opinion, that their Marches thro' that Country were only Curfory, and that they never had a fettled Station beyond the Tay; and what confirms this the more, is, that the Medals, and Roman Coins, to the Northward of that River, have been all found in Sepulchral Monuments, which were probably erected there, on the Decease of some of their Commanders, in their Marches thro' that Country. I fhall only, here, beg leave to add, that all the Monuments in this Work, are truly, and faithfully exhibited from the Originals, drawn on the Spot by my own Hand: And had my Encouragement from the Publick, been more confiderable, they might have been executed with more Expence, tho' not with greater Truth and Exactness. The Representation of the Roman Walls, in the little Map prefix'd to this Work, is by no means intended to give the Reader any manner of Imagery of the fame, but barely to point out their Situations; nor is the whole Map defign'd for any other use, but only to fhew the principal Roman Stations, Encampments, Tumuli, &c. men tioned in the Book. FINI S. ADVERTISEMENT. T HE Author of this Work defigns, in a few Days, to publish PROPOSALS for Engraving, by Subfcription, A Compleat View of the Roman Walls in Britain, viz. Thofe of the Emperors Hadrian and Severus, in Cumberland, and Northumberland, in a large Map, near 14 Foot in Length, and 6 in Breadth and that of Antoninus Pius in Scotland, in another Map of about 6 Foot in Length, and 4 in Breadth. The chief Design of this Undertaking, is to prefent the Publick with such Draughts of these ftupendous Works, as may hand down to Posterity their true Image and Representation, as taken by an actual Geometrical Survey of both, last Summer, with great Labour, and Expence. It is here propofed, that thefe Walls fhall be reprefented, as they really appear on the Ground; their different Tracks laid open to View, as they are more or less perfect, from Sea to Sea; their Height, Thickness, Number of Courses in the Stone Wall; the Breadth and Depth of the Ditches, Height and Breadth of the Cefpititious Ramparts, and the Appearances of the Military Ways. All the great Roman Stations, upon the Walls, with their Ancient and Modern Names, compared with the Notitia Imperii, and other Books of Antiquity, and confirm'd by Infcriptions; as alfo their WatchTowers, and Exploratory Turrets, &c. with a compleat perfpective View of the Country, on both Sides, as they extend along the whole Breadth of Britain; as alfo all the Roman Stations, and principal Places of Antiquity, within that View; their Ancient and Modern Names affign'd them, demonftrated likewife from Infcriptions. The Whole will be adorned with exact Draughts of all the Infcriptions, and Altars, ever found upon these Walls: And although many of them have been already exhibited, and defcrib'd, by Cambden and others; their whole Number will be again delineated from their Originals, according to exact Menfuration, with a Scale, and Correction of former Publications: To all which, at the Foot of each Map, will be engrav'd a large Differtation in English, and in Latin, for the Use of Foreigners; containing, not only an Abstract of their History, but also an Explanation of all the Infcriptions ever found upon them, compared with the Accounts already given, by those who have treated concerning them. N. B. For other Particulars, the Reader is referr'd to the PROPOSALS themselves. f ТНЕ INDE X. A BERDEEN, the Monuments to be seen near that City, 162 Aberlemny, near Brechin, an Account of the Obelisks there, 151. They feem to reprefent the Defeat of the Danes at Loncarty, 152. Several Monuments to be seen at Aberlemany, 158, 160 Abernethy, the ancient Seat of the Pits; of the hollow Pillar there, 164 Achendevie, the feventh Roman Fort on the Wall, 54 97 Pro Adrian, a curious Statue of him to be seen near Netherby, Agricola, is fent Præfe&t to Britain by Velpafian, 13. The firft Roman who went with his Fleet to the Orcades, 12. Reduces the Ordovices, and Island Mona, 14- Terrifies the Inhabitants of Mana by the Courage of his Soldiers, ibid. Marches in his fecond Summer further into Britain, ibid. His Actions at that Time, as related by Tacitus, ibid. Marches in his third Summer to Glota and Bodotria, 15. Where were his Encampments in that March, ibid. Veftiges of his Camp to be feen, 16. What Towns yielded to him on the Ifthmus, ibid. He probably pass'd the Firths in the fordable Places, ibid. bably marched by Dumfries to Caledonia, 18. Fortifies the Ifthmus with Garisons, 19. His Prætentura on the North fide of the Ifthmus, 20. Went in his third Year's Expedition even to Tay, 33. In his fifth Year he fubdues thofe Places in Britain from whence Ireland is seen, 35. In his fixth Year fends a Fleet beyond Bodotria, ibid. In his feventh Year makes further Progress into Britain, 36. Gains the Battle with Galgacus near the Grampian Hills, 40. Then probably led his Army to the Place where his Fleet was, ibid. Albinus, in the Reign of Commodus, Lieutenant in Britain 66 Aletus, ufurps the Government of Britain, 107. Flies from Conftantius, and is afterwards flain ibid. Alipius, Præfect of Britain, goes to the rebuilding of Jerufalem, Annandale, Veftiges of a Roman Camp to be feen 16 १ 108 there Antoninus Pius's Wall, begins two Miles West of Abercorn, and ends at Alcluith, 59. Its Veftiges diftin&tly appear, ibid. Originally Cefpititious, 63. Three kinds of Forts upon it, ibid. Twenty Infcriptions found on the Wall, ibid. When this was built, 64. What Legions were employed in building it, ibid. Its Length, ibid. Why the Romans did not build it in the nearest Track from Sea to Sea ibid. 109 Arthur's Oon, its Situation, 24. Its Form round, and open at the Top like the Pantheon, ibid. Is made of regular Courses of hewn Freeftone, 25. The Concavity and Convexity of the Stones in this Building difproved, ibid. Its perpendicular Height, ibid. Its particular Dimenfions, 26. When and by whom it was built, ibid. Opinions of feveral Authors concerning its Builder, and the Design of it, 26, 27, 28. Probably it was defigned to be a Sacellum for holding the Enfigns of the Legions, 28, 30. And for difpofing the Afhes of fome illuftrious Romans, ibid. It appears to have been built by Agricola, 28, 29. Conjectures why this Building was called Arthur's Oon, B. 31 great Veftiges of Ditches and Buildings, 53 Benwell, a Fort upon the Wall, where the Legion Valens Victrix lay Brechin, a curious Moument there, Bonofus, ufurps the Government of Britain, 106. Hangs himself, ibid. Britain, its foutherly Parts conquered by Claudius's Legates, 21 Crave Britons, learn the Roman Language and ufe their Habit, 32. The northerly Britons not easily kept under the Roman Yoke, 47. Seek help from the Romans against the Scots and Pias, 111. Build a Wall of Turf at Abercurnig, as a Defence against them, ibid. from the Romans frefh Succours, the Scots and Pias having broke down their Wall, ibid. Seek a third Time Help from the Ro mans, 113. Many of the Britons die by Famine, ibid. Invite the Saxons over to their Affiftance, ibid. Broom-Hill, near it a Track of the Wall, where it was broke down by Grime, 58. Here K. Ccc Eugene Cafar Julius, the first Roman who invaded Eri- 22 Cairnfaal, a curious Caftellum there Caligula, only defigned to invade Britain ibid. 94 ibid. 60 21. Place, 19 Danes, of their Invafions upon Scotland, 147, Fort 12 Domitian foon loft what Agricola had gained in E. 94 |