Wexford, and characterises him as "one more desirous to be eminent than to seem so." He was afterwards killed at the assault of Lismore in 1185. It was in that year we find Philip, the second son, to have arrived in Ireland. In the meantime Strongbow and other followers had landed near Waterford.?

He, like his elder brother had taken to a fighting

66

ment, to the Earl of Thomond in 1609, among the Add. MSS. in the British Museum (4793, fo. 18), showing clearly the part which Fitz-Stephen took. The letter on the " Ancient History of Ireland" goes on to state that Dermod MacMurchard, Chief of Leinster, having ravished a certain woman, was driven out of the land, who went to King Hen. II, that was then in France (in 1168), by whom he was favourably used, and dismissed with letters to license" (Giraldus Camb., Expug. Hibern., 1. i, c. i, p. 760) "as many as would go here (in England) hence with him. In his return he conditioned at Bristol with Richard, the son of Gilbert Earl of Stranguel (Strongbow) to give him his daughter Aive (Eva) and Leinster after his decease; and from thence went to the Prince of Wales, Rice ap Grifine, who inlarged for him out of prison Robert FitzStephens (sic) upon promise to follow MacMurchow, that went then for Ireland, where he kept secretly until Robert Fitz-Stephens, Maurice Fitz-Gerald, and others, came with 90 horse and 300 archers, whom the Earl of Stranguel (Strigul or Pembroke) followed at Bartholomew's-tide, in the year 1170, with 200 horse and 1000 archers, and married the daughter of MacMurchow, who brought Leinster under his obedience." (Cf. Kilkenny Archæol. Journal, i New Series, p. 227. See further notice of Fitz-Stephen, p. 9.)

1 ...." inter primos precipuus magis esse volebat, quam videri." 2 Strongbow's followers at the Anglo-Norman invasion are supposed to have embarked at Milford Haven, and to have first set foot on shore at Baunow, on the coast of Wexford, in May 1170. FitzStephen would seem to have led the advance-guard of Strongbow's force, and the chiefs of his party consisted of Myler Fitz-Henry, Milo Fitz-David, Harvey de Montmaurice, Maurice de Prendegast, with Robert de Barri. Giraldus Cambrensis (Expugn. Hib., c. iii, pp. 761, 762) describes the first landing of the expedition, and the intelligence thereof conveyed to Dermod MacMurrogh, the deposed King of Leinster. He says: "Cum igitur in Insula Banuensi subductis se navibus recepissent, nunciis ad Dermicium missis, nonnulli ex partibus maritimis confluxerunt." As the remuneration, agreed upon beforehand, for this aid, Strongbow had the Leinster King's daughter in marriage, and on the death of Dermod, in 1176, succeeded him as King of Leinster. The inheritance of his wife, Eva (the King of Leinster's daughter), as Countess of Pembroke, Strongbow parcelled out among his Anglo-Norman followers.

calling, and then went to assist his mother's brother, Robert Fitz-Stephen, in recovering the lands of Olethan, Killede, and Muscherie-Dunegan, which had been taken possession of by Ralph Fitz-Stephen, the son of Robert. Whether this Ralph was the Chamberlain of Henry II does not appear. These lands were the three cantreds near Cork, towards the east, which fell to the share or lot of Robert Fitz-Stephen, or those rather which he kept in his own hands out of the twenty-four cantreds' comprising the whole kingdom of Cork, which Henry II, when he portioned the country, assigned to the above Robert and one Milo de Cogan. The charter granting this territory is dated about 1177, and the grantees came to an agreement with Dermod, King of Cork, to rent out the whole number, save the seven contiguous to Cork, which they retained in their own possession. These seven cantreds were bounded on the east by the river Blackwater, and of them Milo de Cogan retained the four western as his own portion.

The portioning of the allotted territory occurred in 1179, and is confirmed by Giraldus Cambrensis (Expugnatio Hib., lib. ii, c. 18). This younger brother attended Prince John in 1185, as his secretary, and arrived in Ireland in the same year with his brother Philip. By the inquisition taken after the death of Fitz-Stephen in 1182, it would appear that a moiety of the estates granted to him by the King, had been previously conveyed to Maurice Fitz-Thomas Fitz-Gerald his kinsman, before being created Earl of Desmond,2 together with the castle and manor of Dunemarke. The remaining, already named, cantreds in Cork, he gave to Philip de Barri his nephew, who soon afterwards erected thereon the castles of Barry's Court, Shandon, CastleLyons, and Buttevant. Of these, Buttevant in the

1A cantred is composed of one hundred villages, both in Wales and Ireland.

2 Desmond signifies in Irish "South Munster" (Smith). It was a county partly of Cork and Kerry.

barony of Orrery, said to derive its name from the warcry or Barry motto, Boutez en avant, was afterwards. one of the principal seats of this Anglo-Irish family. They were held by the service of ten knights, under a feoffment of Fitz-Stephen, and became the splendid seignories of the lords Barry, over which that family so long afterwards exercised the feudal rights. Still, although the Barrys exercised over the estates within their seignories a more than despotic sway, levying on the freeholders' produce, so called "coyne and livery," they were themselves in aftertimes subject to the Earls of Desmond, who claimed to be the chief or paramount lords.

2

In addition to the strongholds named, the Barrys erected other castles in the south and east of the county of Cork; they founded besides and endowed many religious houses, and became so important, that the family gave name to three baronies in that county, those of Barrymore, Barryroe, and Orriria-Barria or Orrery. It has been observed, moreover, by some writer in speaking of the earliest Anglo-Irish colonists, and applies to the family under notice, that their zeal for the English interest was proverbial, " at a time the AngloNormans became more Irish than the Irish themselves." This political state of affairs would not appear to have lasted beyond the Wars of the Roses, when most of the lords or original colonists of Anglo-Norman blood, went back to England in order to assist their friends and kinsmen, and in many cases forsook and abandoned

1 Coin and livery was an iniquitous extortion of ancient times in Ireland, exacted out of the Church lands. The fourth Article of the Synod of Cashel enacts that henceforth the Church lands and pensions of the clergy shall be free from all secular exactions and impositions, and that no lords, earls, or noblemen, or their children, shall take or extort any coin or livery, cosheries, or cuddies, or any such like custom, on the Church lands, etc. The custom is mentioned by Giraldus Cambrensis, which proves that his descendants had very little regard for the prohibition. (Cox, i, p. 25.)

2 Barrymore barony contained 30 parishes, 204 plough-lands, or 79,159 Irish plantation-acres. (Smith's Hist. of Cork, i, p. 154.)

their Irish estates, the native Irish re-possessing themselves thereof, or overrunning them. Of these, the families of the Butlers espoused the cause of the House of York, whilst the Fitz-Geralds that of the Lancastrians. The Barrys were possibly an exception, and remained on their estates, but many quitted Ireland to take part in the civil wars of that period.

We purpose to enumerate the recorded members of the family in order of date, as far as possible, whether in undoubted direct descent, or unauthenticated as to their identity in the pedigree.

A.D. 1169, 1185 (15 Hen. II, 31 Hen. II). Robert, the eldest son (ut supra), accompanied Fitz-Stephen to Ireland; was wounded at the siege of Wexford, and subsequently killed at the taking of Lismore in 1185.

A.D. 1140, 1166, 1185 (31 Hen. II). Philip de Barri appears to have succeeded his father before 1166 (Ang. Sac., ii, 469). He was the second son by the second marriage, and passed over to Ireland on the above occasion to assist his uncle in recovering the estates or cantreds in Cork, which Henry II had allotted to him, and dispossessing the usurper of them. He married, according to Ang. Sac., ii, 468, a daughter of Richard Fitz Tancred, lord of Haverford.

A.D. 1146, 1185 (12 Stephen, 31 Hen. II). Giraldus Cambrensis, youngest son of William de Barri, of whom postea.

A.D. 1207 (8 John). William de Barri, son and heir of the foregoing Philip de Barri, is identified by King John's charter confirming to him the donation of the three cantreds in Cork, i.e, Olethan,1 Muscherie-Dunegan, and Killede, made by Robert Fitz-Stephen to his father Philip de Barri.

The witnesses to this confirmation of his lands in Corcaia", were T., Bishop of Norwich; David, Bishop of Waterford; Simon, Bishop of Meath; Meyler FitzHenry, justiciary of Ireland; John Marshall; Philip de Prendegast; David de Rupe; Ranulph, earl of Chester; Saier, Earl of Winchester; Robert de Veteripont; H. de Nevil'; Geoffrey de Nevil'. (Woodstock, Chart., John, m. 5.)

1 Olethan was a cantred in the eastern extremity of Barrymore and in many records is named "Ivelhehan". The Barrys, its owners, were for some time called Lords Barry of Castlelehan.

The evidences of William, third in descent from William of Manorbeer are numerous, being identified by his attestation to several charters of that period. In view of the identity of the Irish and Pembrokeshire stock, it might possibly be further worthy of note, that the several deeds are tested in England. William de Barri is witness to the grant made to Richard de Latimer of lands in co. Dublin (tested at Woodstock, 9 John, m. 5); to the grant to David de Rupe (Roche) of the cantred of Rosselither (Woodstock, 8th Nov., 9 John, m. 5); to the grant to the four brothers FitzPhilip, of the cantred in which Dunlehoth is situated (Woodstock, chart., 9 John, m. 5); to grant made to Eustace de Rupe of three carrucates in the honour of Luske, by the service of half a knight's fee, to be rendered by guarding the King's city of Dublin (tested at Woodstock, 9th Nov., chart., 9 John, m. 5); to Jordan Lochard of Kilsanehan (Woodstock, 8th Nov., chart., 9 John, m. 5); to Richard de Cogan of the cantred Muscry Omittone (Woodstock, 9 John); to Philip de Prendegast of forty knights' fees (Woodstock, 9 John, m. 5); to Gilbert de Angulo of a cantred in Estyre (Tewkesbury, 12th Nov., chart., 9 John, m. 5). He witnessed further with Geoffrey Fitz-Peter, Earl of Essex; Ranulph, Earl of Chester; Saier de Quency, Earl of Winchester; and others, the grant and confirmation of divers lands to the convent of St. Mary of Grane and the nuns there, the gift of Walter de Ridelesford (Tewkesbury, 12th Nov., chart., 9 John, m. 5). He was also witness to other charters of the same period.1

A.D. 1210 (12 John), Simon de Barri. Prest (pay) made to knights at the mead near the water called Struthe, on Wednesday (July 7), before W. Earl of Salisbury, and Richard de Mariscis. Among the names of knights mentioned is the above Simon de Barri, who, from the date, was possibly a brother of William, for the next following entry has every appearance of being his

son.

1 See Sweetman, Calendar (Irish documents).