Moyses' Hall, Bury St. Edmund's, window, exterior and interior Baking.-Melting metals.-Cooking. Illustrations from MSS. 52 ib. 65 Seal, representing a manor-house of the thirteenth century (text) 71 Fire-place, Abingdon abbey, Berks Fire-place in the kitchen, abbey of Beauport, Brittany.-Fireplace of wood and plaster, Carden on the Moselle, Germany 83 84 96 97 98 Furniture.-Table in the chapter-house, Salisbury.-Table in Pottery, domestic utensils, &c.; from MSS. in the Bodleian Illustrations from MSS., well, granary, &c. Illustrations from painted glass, Bourges.-Trades and occupa tions Aydon castle, Northumberland; general external view View within the walls Court, with external staircase Angle of court Chimney, and part of front. Three windows. Little Wenham Hall, Suffolk; general view Windows and entrance to chapel Master's house, St. John's Hospital, Northampton; plan Stoke-Say castle, Shropshire; front of the hall from court-yard 158 Ground-plan Coggs, Oxfordshire, manor-house; window, exterior and in terior Cottesford, Oxfordshire; old manor-house Ground-plan Window and drain ib. 176 . ib. West Deane, Sussex, old rectory-house Acton Burnell castle, Shropshire; south-west view and plan Interior of window, and of north-west angle and tower Old Soar, Plaxtole, Kent Ground-plan . King's Hall at Winchester; window at west end, and plan of the hall Elevation of one bay; exterior and interior. Deanery, Winchester, entrance, with plan Strangers' Hall, Winchester; two views Flore's House at Oakham, Rutland, doorway and drain . Barn, Raunds, Northamptonshire Sections of mouldings of thirteenth century buildings FRENCH EXAMPLES. PAGE Coucy, window in the keep of the castle of painting on the head and jambs of the window Tours, arcade on a corner house at window of a house, rue Ste. Croix front of a house, rue Briconnet windows of a house, rue de Rapin Angers, window in the hospital of St. John window in the Hospice at house in the rue des Penitentes Fontevrault, kitchen of the abbey of, and plan section of kitchen St. Emilion, window of a house at Mont St. Michel, window of the library at INTRODUCTION. As the following account of the progress of domestic architecture in England commences only with the twelfth century, some notice of the subject during earlier periods may be reasonably expected; yet almost all that can be said of it anterior to that century must be founded chiefly on conjecture. Neither the language nor the civilization of the Romans appear to have made any great impression on the ancient population of England, and when the forces of the empire were finally withdrawn the nation relapsed into its primitive barbarism. The feeble school of native workmen who had been instructed in some few of the arts in which their southern conquerors excelled, never produced any thing better than rude imitations of the models by which they wrought. The works of the Roman settlers themselves, to judge by those which have survived, were of a coarse and debased character. Most of the sculptures, mosaics, bronzes, and pottery which belong to the period of the Roman occupation of Britain, and are presumed to be the work of Roman colonists, are inferior in character and execution to remains of the same period which have been discovered in Gaul and other provinces of the empire. Nor is this a The finer bronzes, and other works of art, which have been found in this country, are supposed to have been imported. Such for instance as the en b amelled-bronze figure discovered in Sussex, and presented, by Lord Ashburnham, to the British Museum, surprising if it be remembered that the Roman troops who occupied the British islands were chiefly foreign auxiliaries, and that neither the climate nor the wealth of the country were such as to induce any extensive settlement of the more polished subjects of the Cæsars. A few merchants who had come from Belgium and Gaul, a few veterans who had become colonists, a few of the chief native inhabitants who had received the honour of citizenship and some tincture of southern civilization, together with the army, formed all that could be strictly termed the Roman, in contradistinction to the aboriginal, population. Much progress in the arts was incompatible with such a state of society, and the science of architecture above all was not likely to be exercised with great effect. The fortifications of the Romans in this country were, it is true, on that grand and massive scale which everywhere marked their military defences, as enduring remains amply shew; but the temples and public edifices of the Romano-British cities, although constructed on the unvarying conventional principles which distinguished the best examples of Latian art, were inferior in size and splendour to those of any other province of the empire. Under these circumstances it is improbable that domestic architecture, which even in Italy had not attained a great degree of excellence before the last days of the Republic, should have been carried to any considerable pitch of refinement or magnificence by the Roman settlers in England. We know, however, from remains of domestic habitations of Roman times which have been discovered in this country, that the villas and town houses of the Roman colonists were generally built upon the same plan which prevailed in Italy. In this respect the Roman practice was as un |